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Social networking is virtual areas where individuals can create their virtual profiles and make friends with common interests. With the integration of social media into individuals’ everyday lives, it has the potential to affect many parts of human behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between social competences with virtual social networks addiction in students. This was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population was female students in Karaj in year 2023. A sample of 400 students were selected with convenience method. Data collection tools include the social networking addiction scale of Griffiths, social competence questionnaire of Gómez-Ortiz, et al. and social support scale of Zimet, et al. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling. The results showed significant direct effect of social competence and social support on virtual social networks addiction. Also, the results showed that perceived social support had a mediating role in relationship between social competences with virtual social networks addiction. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the relationship between these variables should be taken into consideration in interventions to social networks addiction.

Background: Adherence to treatment as a public health issue is critical in the treatment of chronic illnesses. therapies Studies have reported on the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy to improvement adherence to treatment, also, motivational interviewing by empowering effect on this behavior. However, compares the effect these in women with breast cancer has been overlooked. Aims: the aim of this syudy is to compare the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy & motivational interviewing on adherence to treatment in women with breast cancer. Methods: Research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test, three-month follow-up with control group. The statistical population consist of all patients (30-50) suffering from breast cancer and applied to Firoozgar Hospital located in Tehran City in 1401 years and operate by mastectomy surgery. Sampling method was Convenience Sampling. 45 available patients selected (fifteen in each experimental group) and replaced randomly in experimental group1 (acceptance and commitment therapy) and experimental group2 (motivational interviewing). Fifteen other patients placed in control group and did not receive any training. The adherence to treatment Inventory (Modanloo, 2013) was administered pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Packages were the training packages were ACT package (Dall et al, 2017) and motivational interviewing package (Miller & Rollnick, 2012). Both applied on experimental groups (sixty minutes each session) weekly and the control group did not receive any training. The data analyzed by mixed analysis variance. Results: Results showed that both of ACT & motivational interviewing were affected the same on increasing to adherence to treatment (p

Background: The covid-19 causes a lot of distress in patients due to its prevalence and the uncertainty of the treatment result, which may even cause a person to experience trauma. Several studies have shown the role of coping styles and self-esteem in recovery from illness. However, there was a research gap in the study of the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between coping styles and post-traumatic growth in patients with corona. Aims: The aim is to prediction post-traumatic growth based on coping styles with mediated by self-esteem in recovered corona patients. Methods: The procedure of this research was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population of this study were all recovered patients with corona disease in Sari city in the second half of 2022. We selected 250 patients (18-55 years) based on Green formula. Method of sampling was convenience. The instruments of this study were post-traumatic growth questionnaire of Tedeschi & Calhoun (1996), self-esteem Cooper Smith test (1967), coping styles Parker & Endler (1990). The collective data was analyzed by structural equation modeling and path analysis. Results: The results show that there ara positive and significant relationship between problem-focused coping style, negative and significant relationship between emotion-focused and avoidant- focused styles and post-traumatic growth in recovered corona patients. Also the data showed that self-esteem mediates the relationship between coping styles and post-traumatic growth positive significantly in recovered corona patients (p

This investigation aimed to determine the efficacy of neurofeedback intervention on stress and anxiety symptoms in migraine patients. The research method was quasi-experimental and descriptive, with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, as well as experimental and control groups. The statistical cohort included all migraine patients who consulted psychological clinics in Tehran in 2018 and 2019. Thirty patients with scores one standard deviation above the mean were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups from different institutions in Tehran province. Participants completed the Stress Resources and Stress Symptoms Questionnaire (SRSSQ) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI for the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. After 20 sessions of neurofeedback, the present study’s data were analyzed using the mixed design analysis of variance method and BioGraph Infiniti version 6 software. At the 0.01 significance level, it reduced physical symptoms (P

Background: Body image refers to how an individual sees their own body and how attractive they feel themselves. Studies have reported on the effect of mindfulness training to improvement body image, also, self-care by empowering effect on this behavior. However, compares the effect these trainings in women with breast cancer has been overlooked. Aims: the aim of this syudy to compare the efficacy of mindfulness training & self-care training on body image in women with breast cancer. Methods: Research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test, three-month follow-up with control group. The statistical population consist of all patients (30-50) suffering from breast cancer and applied to cancer research center Taleqani Hospital located in Tehran City in 1400 years and operate by mastectomy surgery. Sampling method was Convenience Sampling. 45 available patients selected (fifteen in each experimental group) and replaced randomly in experimental group1 (mindfulness training) and experimental group2 (self-care training). Fifteen other patients placed in control group and did not receive any training. The body image Inventory (Fisher, 1970) was administered pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The training packages were mindfulness training package (cabatzin, 2015) and self-care training package (Clark ET all, 2014). Both traininges applied on experimental groups (ninety minutes each session) weekly and the control group did not receive any training. The data analyzed by mixed analysis variance. Results: Results showed that both of mindfulness training & self-care training were affected the same on increasing to body image (p

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and importance of life skills components in social studies textbooks. The research method is content analysis and the units of analysis were sentences and images. The statistical population was all the textbooks of social education in the elementary school in 2021, in which the whole society was considered as a sample. The research tool is a researcher-made checklist and data was analyzed via MAXQDA software. After determining the frequency of indicators, for the comparing the frequencies, Chi-square and Shannon's Entropy method was used. The results revealed that the highest frequency of the life skills components observed in the sixth grade with 1048 cases, the second rank belongs to the fifth grade with 908 cases, and the last rank belongs to the fourth grade with 401 items. The results of chi-square test confirmed the significant differences in frequencies. Also, the results of Shannon's Entropy analysis indicated that the highest coefficient of importance is related to the component of creative thinking and the lowest is related to self-awareness. Overall, the findings have useful implications for designing school-based interventions in teaching life skills.

Background: Self-efficacy and resilience are among the most important concepts related to psychological capital that consists of various dimensions and considering the multidimensional nature of peace education, examining its impact on increasing self-efficacy and resilience is the main issue of the present study. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of peace education on self-efficacy and resilience of junior high school students. Methods: The present study was conducted as a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and considering three experimental and control groups with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consists of first grade high school students in District 3 of Tehran. 60 samples were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a psychological capital questionnaire that was used to test the two items of self-efficacy and resilience. After performing the pre-test, the experimental group received peace training in 8 sessions of 120 minutes in 8 consecutive weeks and the control group did not receive any training in this field. At the end of the experimental group, post-test and after two months, follow-up test was performed. Mixed analysis of variance in SPSS-22 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the effect of peace education on the components of self-efficacy and resiliency, is significant at the level of 0.01. Also, peace education compared to the control group has led to an increase in the mean scores of the components of self-efficacy and resiliency in the post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion: Due to the significant effect of peace education on students' self-efficacy and resiliency, this method can be used in their academic success.

Background: Action for personal growth is a complex structure that consists of various dimensions and due to the multidimensional nature of peace education, examining its impact on increasing action for personal growth is the main issue of the present study that no research has been done in this field. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of peace education on the Personal Growth Initiative of junior middle school students. Methods: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. To conduct the research, among all the male middle school students in District 3 of Tehran who were studying in the academic year 2009-2010; 60 people were selected as a sample through multi-stage random sampling and They were randomly divided into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The students in the experimental group were then trained in peace in 8 sessions of 2 hours in 8 weeks. The instrument used in the study was the Personal Growth Initiative Questionnaire (PGIQ) Which were performed in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up (two months) in both experimental and control groups and were analyzed using mixed design analysis method in SPSS software. Results: In the developed model, the implementation of peace education in comparison with the control group, the components of action for personal growth were significant at the level of 0.01%.Due to the significant impact of peace education on action for students' personal growth, this method can be used in their academic success. Conclusion: Due to the significant effect of peace education on students' Personal Growth Initiative, this method can be used in their academic success.

Background: Nutrition education is a key component of health promotion programs and leads to the improvement of nutritional behaviors of adolescents. Understanding the stages of cognitive-behavioral therapy in eating behavior and weight loss in adolescents is important in terms of preventive care. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on eating behavior and weight loss in adolescents. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all adolescents referred to counseling centers in Mashhad in autumn 2019; 30 of them were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental, and control groups. The research questionnaires were demographic questionnaire, and eating behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated variance analysis and SPSS.22 software. Results: The mean (SD) of age was 17.66 (4.49) years in the experimental group 59.7% and 17.01 (4.10) years in the control group. 65.9% in the experimental group and in the control group, 59.7% were girls and the mean (SD) of body mass index was 27.73 (1.34) in the experimental group and 27.32 (0.95) in the control group. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in decreasing uncontrollable eating (P

Introduction and purpose: Infertile women often use a stressful process called laboratory fertilization to fulfill their desire for childbearing. The present study aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training on intolerance of uncertainty in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods: This study was conducted using a semi-experimental approach based on a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all infertile women referred to an infertility treatment center in Mashhad, Iran. From this group, a total of 60 women with a history of infertility were selected using the available sampling method and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. For the experimental group, eight 2-h sessions of mindfulness training were held weekly; however, the control group did not receive any psychological services. The intolerance of uncertainty questionnaire was used to measure anxiety, and data analysis was performed by single-variable covariance using SPSS software (version 21). Results: The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and the control groups in terms of intolerance of uncertainty, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training effectively reduced the intolerance of uncertainty (P

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal disease. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of self-efficacy-based training and compassion-focused therapy on depression, self-care behaviors, and quality of life (QOL) of patients with IBS. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients with IBS referred to Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan city, Iran, between September and November 2019. The study participants were 45 patients with IBS, who were randomly divided into 2 equal-sized groups of intervention and control. The data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1988), the Self-Care Questionnaire (Alizadeh Aghdam‎, Koohi, & Gholizadeh‎, 2016), and the Quality of Life Scale (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992). The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS software. Results: The results indicated that self-efficacy-based training and compassion-focused therapy positively affected depression (P < 0.001), self-efficacy behaviors (P < 0.001), and QOL (P < 0.001) of patients with IBS. However, compassion-focused therapy was more effective in the treatment of depression and the improvement of self-care behaviors and QOL than self-efficacy-based training (P < 0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that compassion-focused therapy was more effective in the treatment of depression and the improvement of self-care behaviors and QOL than self-efficacy-based training.

Background: The available statistics show that the number of divorces registered in the early years of cohabitation, especially in the first five years, is higher than other years of marriage. Qualitative studies on the pathology of this issue and the development of a model to reduce its causative factors have been neglected. Aims: The aim of this study was to discover the antecedents and consequences of divorce in the first five years of married life and to develop a conceptual model of the contexts that shape it. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative approach and data foundation method. The statistical population included all divorced couples in the first five years of living together in Tehran and Shiraz in 1398. 19 people were selected from the statistical population in a targeted manner. Participants were interviewed with in-depth semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed in accordance with the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin in a regular and continuous process. Results: Finally, from the analysis and the conceptual model of the research, it can be concluded that divorce in the first years of family life is the result of individual, marital and family and socio-cultural weaknesses of the couple. Conclusions: Therefore, it is necessary for preventive programs in the field of community health to focus on education, skills training and reduction of individual and marital deficits for people about to get married and couples in the early years of married life.

Background and Objective: Obesity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; however, weight loss and decreasing body mass index (BMI) are difficult for many patients with coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance-based behavior therapy on BMI among patients with premature coronary heart disease. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the summer of 2018 and was of quasi-experimental design with control group, pre-test, post-test, and a follow-up period after 3 months. The statistical population included all male patients with premature coronary heart disease who were younger than 50 years old and were referred to Shahid Rajaee hospital in Tonekabon, among whom 24 were selected via convenience sampling method and divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received treatment-based behavioral therapy for eight weekly sessions while the control group did not receive any intervention. BMI was calculated in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up for each participant. Data were analyzed via SPSS software version 22. Results: In the experimental group, the mean (SD) BMI decreased from 32.2 (3.4) before the intervention to 31.5 (3.1) after the intervention (P

Background: Previous studies have investigated the effect of songwriting on depression in depressed individuals. But there is a research gap around the study of the effect that the poetry play has on the self-esteem and hope of depressed people. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of poetry play on the self-esteem and hope of dysthymic depressed individuals. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all depressed patients referring to Arman Shayan Specialized Rehabilitation Center in 2019. Twenty-four depressed individuals were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned into two groups of 12 experimental and control groups. Research instruments include: Lutz's Psychological Capital Scale (2007), Coprassimental Self-esteem Questionnaire (1967), and Researcher-Made Poetry Sessions (1398). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results: The genre of poetry had a significant effect on self-esteem and hope components (p< 0/05). The effect of treatment in the follow-up ward was also lasting (p< 0/05). Conclusions: Poetry play had an effect on improving self-esteem and hope components of depressed patients.

Background: There is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neurofeedback and drug therapy in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. But can working memory training affect these children's attention? Aims: The efficacy of working memory training was to increase the attention of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all male students in the third grade of primary school who referred to the belief center. Forty third grade male students were voluntarily recruited from the faith center as a sample. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control (20 persons). Data were analyzed using t-student tests. Research tools are: Clinical Interview: (Lazak, 2004). SNAP-IV Grading Scale, Swanson (1980) Conners Parent Questionnaire (Revised Form) (1999) Working Memory Training Software (Khodadadi, 2014). Results: Working memory training significantly increased the attention of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (P

Background: Feeling lonely can cause depression in the elderly. But the key question is, does therapeutic well-being affect the feeling of loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation in elderly people with non-clinical depression? Aims: The efficacy of therapeutic well-being was on the feeling of loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation in elderly patients with non-clinical depression. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study included all elderly (male and female) aged 65 to 85 years living in Nashat nursing home in Mashhad. Thirty individuals were selected by simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. Research instruments included Russell's Loneliness Questionnaire (1996), Garnefsky's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Craig & Spinhaun's (2001), Yasavig's Elderly Depression Questionnaire (1993), and the eight-session Therapeutic Well-being Protocol (Cook Ern & Clich 2017). Results were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: The results showed that well-being therapy had a significant effect on loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation (P

Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder. The clinical prominence of the OCD symptoms dimensions and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism are of significant importance. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the symptom dimensions and BDNF val66Met polymorphism genotype in Iranian patients with OCD. Materials and Methods: A total of 83 patients diagnosed with OCD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM5) criteria, and 83 matched controls were included this case-control study. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to investigate symptom dimensions. In addition, BDNF val66Met polymorphism was genotyped using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCRRFLP) method. Results: The obtained data indicated that the most prevalent obsession was contamination (62.6%) and the most prevalent compulsion was cleanliness (69.8%). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the genotypes of BDNF val66Met polymorphism in OCD (P

Background: Depression is a common behavioral disorder that presents many emotional problems for people with depression. The main question is: Does the poetry play affect the depression and psychological capital of the dysthymic depressed people? Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of composing poetry on self-esteem and investing a psychological support for a systemic. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study included all depressed patients referred to Arman Shayan Specialized Rehabilitation Center in 1398. Twenty-four sample groups, including 24 individuals, were selected from the community and were randomly assigned into two groups (12 individuals 10 women and two men) of experimental and control groups. The instruments are the Lovebound and Lovebound Depression Questionnaire (1995); the Lutz Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007). Questionnaires were administered to the two pre-test groups, and then to the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: The results showed that poetry play had a significant effect on depression and psychological capital (p

Background and Objective: the purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy as a cognitive factor in the relationship between pain sensation and long-term suffering. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all patients with chronic pain with Rheumatoid Arthritis referring to 11clinics and private and governmental centers specialized in chronic pain in Tehran and Karaj in a specified time interval (Between Nov2015 and May 2016). 399 patients(257 women and 142 men) were selected via accessible sampling. The sensory pain index of the McGill pain scale, the Pain Discomfort Scale (PDS) and the Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The results showed that pain sensation and Self-efficacy are considered as good predictors of long-term suffering. Based on the findings of the structural equation modeling, there are significant and a positive causal relationship between pain sensation, self-efficacy and long-term suffering and the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between pain sensation and long-term suffering has been confirmed (P

Background and Objectives: In obese people, 5-10% reduction in initial weight can decrease the obesity induced risks. Therefore, it is important to identify the predictive factors effective in weight loss maintenance. The present research was conducted to determine the role of important predictive factors in weight loss maintenance. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 200 women with obesity, were selected using convenience sampling. After explaining the study aims and obtaining the permission to enter the study, they were asked to complete the research tools, including Multidimensional Self-Body Relationship Questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Treatment Outcome Expectations, Weight Lifestyle Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Caring Environment Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS), and Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale (DTEDS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson correlation and step by step regression statistical methods. Significance level was considered to be p

Background: Research has shown the effectiveness of different types of skill and thinking games individually on improving reading skills in children with reading disorders, but is the combination of skill and thinking games effective in learning children with reading disorders? Aims: Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of LEGO skill-mental game on the amount of learning in children with reading disabilities. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical society included all 3rd grade elementary school children with a learning disorder in reading and writing in Tehran. 50 children were selected through available sampling. Then, 30 children with high levels of learning disabilities were selected randomly and replaced in two groups of 15 people (one experimental group and one control group).Each of the children in the experimental group received 12 sessions of Lego's intellectual-linguistic training with a phonological awareness group, once a week for 60 minutes. The research instrument consisted of Reading and Dyslexic Test. Data were analyzed by MANOVA analysis in SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the learning level of children with reading disorder in the experimental group (Lego skill-intellectual game) increased compared to the control group in the post-test phase. Conclusions: The results of this study showed the use of the Lego game can improving the analysis and problem solving power and social relationships as a new learning system improved the learning of children with learning disabilities.

Aim and Background: AIDS is a medical and social problem that is unfortunately associated with a high prevalence in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on increasing CD4 cell and quality of life in AIDS patients. Methods and Materials: The statistical population included all AIDS patients referred to Shahriar Health Centers in 2018. Thirty patients were selected by Convenience sampling method and were replaced in two groups of 15 each. Participants were assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and blood tests for CD4. Subsequently, participants in the experimental group received 8 sessions (90 minutes) of spiritual therapy and the control group received no training. Data were analyzed by using analysis of analysis and SPSS version 23 software. Findings: The results showed that spirituality therapy had a significant effect on the increase of CD4 in AIDS patients, but it did not have a significant effect on the quality of life of them. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the effect of spirituality therapy on CD4 is effective. But spirituality has not been effective in improving the quality of life.

Background: Research has shown the effectiveness of games on various variables such as social abilities, communication, and reducing isolation in children with learning disabilities. But the effectiveness of Lego's skill-thinking game on parent-child interaction tension remains neglected. Aims: Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of Hand-Thinking Playing LEGO on stress parent-child interaction in children with learning disabilities. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. the statistical society included all 3rd grade elementary school children with a learning disorder in reading and writing in Tehran. 50 children were selected through available sampling. then, 30 children with high levels of stress parent-child interaction were selected randomly and replaced in two groups of 15 people (one experimental group and one control group). each of the children in the experimental group received 12 sessions of Hand-Thinking Playing LEGO (Story Starter) by Lego Educational Group (2014) with a phonological awareness, once a week for 60 minutes. The research instrument consisted of, Parental Stress Index (PSI) by Abidin (1990). Results: Data were analyzed by ANCOVA analysis. Findings showed that lego skill-intellectual play had a significant effect with 95% confidence Interval on the level of stress parent-child interaction in terms of parents (P

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the short-term pattern of Spiritually Multidimensional Psychotherapy (SMP) on increasing psychological well-being of patients with depression syndrome. This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The Statistical population of the study was 48 people, the depressed patients referring to the counseling center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and the Religious Counseling Center of Holy Shrine. According to Morgan's table, 40 patients (n=25 women, n=15 men) were selected through availability sampling and randomly placed into exprimental and control groups. The questionnail used in this study was Ryff psychological well being (1989). The exprimental group received 12 one-half-hour sessions of psychotherapy .The results of covariance analysis showed that there was a significant increase in psychological well-being component after intervention(P

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of stress management therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach to cognitive emotion regulation in mothers of children with cancer. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow up design as well as the control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of children with cancer who referred to the Qods children’s hospital located in Qazvin province. A sample of 30 subjects was selected through purposive sampling and assigned to two groups of experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). Both groups were pre-tested using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Then, the experimental group received 8 sessions of training in stress management skills with cognitive-behavioral approach while the control group did not receive any intervention. Subsequently, both groups administered post-test, and the data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using single variable one-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed improvement in the scores of the experimental group mothers in cognitive emotion regulation variable and components of self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, perspective-taking, catastrophization, and other-blame. However, no significant improvement observed in the component of positive reappraisal in parents of children with cancer (P

Background: Dependency on virtual social networks is associated with negative psychological and non-psychological consequences but can the combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and meta-cognitive training have an effective role in reducing this dependency? Aims: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and meta-cognitive training in reducing virtual social networks dependency. Method: The research design is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Data gathering tool is Virtual Social Networking Dependency Questionnaire (Sadeghzadeh et al., 2018). Among the students with high scores on social networks dependency which have been chosen by convenience sampling, 30 volunteers were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received twelve training sessions based on a researcher-made protocol (2018). Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that the experimental group had lower mean scores on the social network dependency scale in compare with the control group. This result was significant at alpha level of 0/05. Conclusions: it can be said that our protocol was recognized effective and it can be helpful for counselors, parents and educational policymakers to reduce student's virtual social networks dependency.

Background: There is a great deal of research into the effectiveness of various therapies. But which of these two therapies is more effective? Aims: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and cognitive therapy (based on Mindfulness) the emotional maturity adolescents. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all female secondary school students in district one of Tehran's education region. In this study, 45 students whose score was 1.5 standard deviation lower than the normative group were selected and selected. assigned to three groups of reality therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy-awareness and control. Experimental groups individually participated in 8 90-minute sessions of Reality Therapy Excerpted from William Glaser's Reality Therapy Book (2013) and Mindfulness-Based Therapy Cognition from Rebecca Crane's (2009) Mindfulness-Based Therapy Therapy They did. The instrument of this study was Emotional Maturity of Yashivar Singh and Mahish Bahargawa (1974) and analyzed using covariance analysis method. Results: Reality therapy training had a significant effect on adolescents' emotional maturity with effect size (0/809) (f= 114/417, p0/05). Conclusions: The adolescents in both groups showed a better level of emotional maturity and both groups were equally effective in this regard.

Aim and Background: Vaginal delivery is one of the most stressful experiences of a mother's life. Therefore, a significant number of pregnant mothers select cesarean delivery as a method of termination of pregnancy to get rid of these conditions. Since one of the important factors in choosing cesarean in pregnant women is fear of labor pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing the fear of labor pain in the way of the reality therapy on the choice of vaginal delivery in pregnant women. Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design, with control group. The statistical sample of study included 39 pregnant women with gestational age ≥4 weeks in Nowshahr city, in Iran. These women had chosen cesarean section method for the termination of pregnancy and were visited for Midwifery Care in the Urban and Rural Health Centers from December of 2017 to March 2018. The sample was selected targeted non-random method and randomly divided into two experimental (20) and control groups (19). The reality therapy was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minute, twice a week for the experimental group. The. Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire (CAQ) was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: After the intervention, the fear of labor pain in the experimental group was significantly different from that of the control group (p

Background: one of the disabling neurological disorders is MS.chornic process ,not having definitive treatment and engaging aperson at a yaung age causes many mental disorders in the patient.Among which are anxiety,depression and stress are all more prevalent. And affects on quality of life in this patients. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stress management training Based on cognitive_behavioral model on quality of life. Method: The samples of this research was 30 persons, who had MS and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. All of the sample groups completed quality of life questionair .then Stress management training was conducted during 10 sessions in experimental Group; based on Sara MC Namara `s program; while the control group did not receive any training. Subsequently, after intervention,and 6 months later, all variables were re-examined Data are collected using mixed analysis of variance. Results: Finding showed that stress management training based on cognitive _ behavioral model, enhanced the quality of life in MS patients (p

The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between social anxiety, perceived social support, feeling of loneliness, and self-regulation with dependence on virtual social networks in order to develop a structural model for students.514 high school students were selected as the samples from four districts of northern and southern Tehran by cluster sampling method. Students responded to the social anxiety (Puklek, 2004), perceived social support (Zimet et al, 1988), and loneliness (Russell, 1996) questionnaires as well as the researcher-made questionnaire of dependence on social networks, and self-regulation questionnaire (Brown, Miller, and Lewandowski, 1999).Research data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the model had a good fit. In direct effects, there was a significant relationship between social anxiety, perceived social support and self- regulation, but in indirect effects, only the loneliness variable had a significant relationship with mediation of self-regulation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the four predictor variables had influence on social network dependency. This issue indicates their special importance.

Background: Domestic violence is a social problem that can lead to many physical and mental consequences. Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of supportive group reality therapy on the hope and responsibility of divorced women of victim of domestic violence. Method: The research method is semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The sample consists of 30 divorced women who have been subjected to domestic violence. The instruments used were two questionnaires: Schneider's Hope Questionnaire, and California's Personality Questionnaire's Responsibility Scale. After selecting the groups, the pre-test was used for the primary control, after which the experimental group was exposed to education (training sessions were based on Glaser's theory of supportive group therapy), the independent variable in 10 sessions of 80 minutes to the group The test was presented, but no training was provided for the control group. To analyze the results of this research, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. At the inferential level of the research data, the covariance analysis test was used to test the research hypotheses. Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that support for group therapy therapy with a reality therapy approach is effective in increasing the hope of future and accountability of the divorced women victims of domestic violence(p

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness on well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes. Aims: The research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design of three groups. Method: The statistical population included all patients with type 2 diabetes and a member of the Charity Association for the Support of Diabetic Patients in Tehran in 2018. Among them, 60 were randomly selected and after the initial pre-test of Riff psychological well-being (1989), 48 subjects with the lowest score of psychological well-being were selected and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental and one Control group) were replaced. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The findings showed that both cognitive-behavioral interventions (p

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress therapy on stress, depression and distress in patients with cancer.Cases Report: In a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients (Aged 32-70 years, progression of their disease was at levels 1 to 3, high cycle education, and 3 months of chemotherapy, of which 40, were randomly available from this group (20 experimental and 20 Control group). The instrument was a McGill Pain Questionnaire (1997) and the Hazards and Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using two methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov inferential statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance using software software Spss17.Conclusion: Correlation analysis showed that the experimental group had a significant reduction in depression and anxiety in the posttest after the control group compared with the control group. The short-term cognitive-behavioral stress management program can reduce, depression and anxiety in cancer patients.

The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of training executive functions on anxiety symptoms on preschool children (4-5 years old) from the region six in the city of Tehran. In this study, the Experimental Design with pre-post testing method and control group is considered. Of the 192 children who according to Spence children's anxiety scale (parental report form) had an anxiety scores higher than the mean standard deviation, 40 children were selected and then divided into experimental and control group by using the simple random sampling method. In experimental group, children received executive function training, while the control group received no training. The analysis of covariance methodology was utilized to analyze the data. The result of analysis shown that the group who received training was significantly reduced in the post-test compared to pre-test (P < 0.001). Therefore, the effectiveness of training executive functions was confirmed for the anxiety disorders treatment in children.

Background: Previous studies suggest that group therapies, including acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and logotherapy, successfully reduce stress in patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy and group logotherapy in reducing perceived stress among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Materials and Methods: This research was a pretest-posttest controlled quasi-experimental study. Research population was comprised of all (n=3000) MS patients who were members of Mashhad MS Society, Iran. From among 198 patients, 33 who met the inclusion criteria and scored above 45 on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were selected through convenience sampling, homogenized based on their scores on PSS as well as demographic characteristics, and then assigned to three groups of 11. The first group received 12 ACT sessions and the second group received 8 sessions of group logotherapy, while no intervention was provided for the control group. Afterwards, the PSS was re-administered to all the groups. Data were analyzed using one-way ANCOVA in SPSS software version 20. Results: The results demonstrated that both group therapies reduced perceived stress among patients (p=0.001). However, ACT had a higher effect than logotherapy in reducing perceived stress (p=0.04). Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment group therapy and group logotherapy are effective in reducing perceived stress among MS patients.

Ischemic heart disease is a psycho-physiological problem. There are several biological and psychological factors that affect the incidence and severity of hypertension. The present study was aimed to the role of psychological and social factors mediating effect of physical factors is the compatibility of ischemic heart disease. Methods: In this descriptive-correlated study ,The study population included over- 30 – adult pation with Ischemic heart disease who referred to health center in khorasan jonobi. Through convenience sampling 310 persons were selected as samples of the study. health locus of control and social perception of mental illness and cope were used to gather the data. To analyze the data Structural equation modeling (SEM) Amos18 was done by software was used. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between blood pressure and psychosocial adjustment there (05/0> p, 17 / 0- = B). Between psychological factors and psychological and social adjustment there is a significant positive relationship. (05/0> p; 95 / 0- = B). BP relationship between psychological factors mediate the relationshipcompatibility.(05/0>p) Conclusion: Health locus of control and perception of a significant relationship with psychological and social adjustment, and also a significant relationship between blood pressure and psychological and social adjustment there. As well as psychological factors mediating effect of blood pressure on the compatibility of ischemic heart disease are associated and severity of the impact of 05 / 0- respectively. PaperType:ResearchArticle.

Background: Drug abuse is one of the important problems needs intervention in our country and may influence life and health of a person. One of the important functions and indicates the health of the individual is sleeping. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of multi-component cognitive behavioral intervention on quality of sleep and general health in drug abusers. Methods: This interventional study was conducted in 2015 in drug treatment centers of Qazvin. With consideration inclusion criteria and after preliminary interview, 30 male of treatment center were chosen available from one of the treatment centers of Qazvin and were randomly assigned in two groups. One of the groups received multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy and the control group received no intervention. Research tools were Pittsburg's quality of sleep and general health questionnaires that were filled by clients at baseline and after sessions of the intervention. Data were analyzed by method of analysis of variance differences. Findings: The results demonstrated that multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy significantly improved the quality of sleep and general health in drug abusers in intervention group comparing to control group (P=

Background and objective: Hypertension is a psycho-physiological problem. There are several biological and psychological factors that affect the incidence and severity of hypertension. The present study was aimed to investigate the mediating role of subjective-wellbeing in terms of perceived stress and hypertension. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-correlated study, the study population included over-45-adult patients with hypertension who referred to health centers in Tehran. Through convenience sampling 298 persons (121 male and 177 female) were selected as samples of the study. Perceived stress scale questionnaire and subjective well-being questionnaire were used to gather the data. To analyze the data Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Results: There was a significant and negative correlation between subjective well-being and hypertension (p < 0.01, β = 0.353). The subjective well-being mediates the relationship between perceived stress and hypertension (p < 0.01, β = 0.203) and scores of perceived stress and subjective well-being explain the percentage of variance in blood pressure and changes in scores of perceived stress explain 45% of variance in subjective well-being. Conclusion: People with high blood pressure have high perceived stress and subjective well-being contributes to the control of hypertension. Paper Type: Research Article.

Background and Objectives: Emotion regulation and management play a determinant role in health and prevention of mental disorders in patients with chronic disease. In this research the moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies was studied on the relationship between personality traits and quality of life in dialysis patients. Method: The present study was conducted as a descriptive correlational study on 100 dialysis patients referred to hospitals of Qom province. All participants were asked to complete World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and NEO personality inventory. The research data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: The results of moderated regression analysis revealed that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies affect the relationship between all personality traits, except openness and quality of life, and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies have a moderating role only in the relationship among extraversion, agreeableness, and quality of life. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, personality traits play an important role in emotion regulation strategies as well as quality of life in dialysis patients.

Background: Chronic renal disease is highly associated with reduced quality of life and hope has an important role in improving the quality of life of dialysis patients. The study aimed to examine the mediating role of hope on the relationship between neuroticism and extraversion factors and quality of life in dialysis patients. Method: In a correlative study, 100 dialysis patients from Qom hospitals were selected by cluster random sampling and participants completed quality of life, Snyder hope scale and NEO personality inventory. Data were analyzed by using a Structural Equation Modeling. Results: The structural equation model revealed that hope has mediating role in relationship between neuroticism and extraversion factors and quality of life in dialysis patients. This means that neuroticism has negative indirect effect and extraversion has positive indirect effect due to hope on quality of life. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, neuroticism and extraversion factors play an important role in the hope of dialysis patients that have an impact on the quality of life for dialysis patients.

Abstract Objectives:. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and spiritual therapy on the death anxiety of women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The present study was based on a quasi-experimental design comprising three groups, with pre-test, post-test and a two-month follow-up. For the purpose of this study, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 women with breast cancer were selected based on availability method by investigating their history and clinical interviews. They were then randomly assigned into three groups, including (1) acceptance and commitment therapy, (2) spiritual therapy, and (3) control. The experimental groups received 8 sessions of 90 minute treatment interventions once a week, and then, two months later, the follow-up was performed. The control group did not receive any treatment. The research instruments incleded structured clinical interview for DSM-IV and Templar death anxiety scale (DAS). All three groups completed the pre-test, post-test and follow-up steps. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Shapiro-Wilk index, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated measures analysis of variance, post-hoc and multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) and SPSS-21 software. Results: The result showed that there was a significant difference between the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy and spiritual therapy on death anxiety (P< 0.05, F = 4.07). the effect of spiritual therapy on death anxiety was significant (P

Background & Aims: Health beliefs play an important role in encouraging people to engage in behaviors related to health promotion. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of health beliefs in predicting barriersto cervical cancerscreening among women in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods: Using convenience and random sampling, this cross-sectional study was conducted on 681 married women who referred to health centers of Bandar Abbas. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on the health belief model. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and multivariate regression analysis. Results: The results showed that 50.23% of subjects had previously had a Pap smear test. The mean intensity score and perceived benefits were higher in subjects who had had Pap smear compared to those who had not. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that benefits and perceived vulnerabilities were predictors of barriersto the Pap smearscreening test. Conclusion: The health belief model, accordingly, appears to be useful in predicting barriers to cervical cancerscreening

Objective: This study aimed to predict coping strategies based on the characteristics of the stimulants-dependent people. Method: The research method was correlational. The population consisted of all stimulant-dependent individuals (n=402) that consecutively admitted to addiction centers of Tehran over the last year and had a drug dependence diagnosis. By systematic sampling, 201 subjects were selected of this population. The NEO personality inventory (NEO-FFI short form) and Lazarus-Folkman’s coping strategies (WCQ-short form) questionnaires administered among selected sample. Results: The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the personality dimension of neuroticism and coping strategies of avoidance, disengagement, and a negative one with continence. There is a positive correlation between the personality dimension of extroversion and avoidance, seeking social support and a negative one with (assuming) responsibility. Also there is a positive correlation between the personality dimension of compatibility with restraint coping strategies and seeking social support. Conscientiousness personality dimension did not predict any coping strategies in stimulus-dependent patients. Conclusion: Personality traits can predict coping strategies in stimulus-dependent individuals. For the treatment of addicted patients paying attention to evaluation of the patients’ characteristics is suggested.

Background and Objective: Recent studies show that depressed people have an attention bias to negative stimuli. Therefore, the present study was carried out to compare attention bias in depressed and normal people. Method: The present research was an analysis study with a causal- comparative method. The statistical population included all the depressed individuals who had referred to a psychological clinic in Tehran. Using convenience sampling method and carrying out the Beck Depression Inventory as well as the unstructured interview with DSMIV criteria, 30 depressed individuals (cut-off point 21 and higher) were selected as the patient group, and then were compared to 30 normal people, as the control group, in terms of sex, age, marriage status, and education levels as compare group. Finally, the computer-based neurological test of Dot- Probe (emotional faces stimuli) was performed on the subjects of both groups. Results: The data were analyzed using t-test to examine the extent of matching between the two groups, and the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANOVA) was applied to study attention bias in the two groups. The results showed that there was a difference of time speed between the two groups; i.e. the depressed group acted slower in responding to incongruent stimuli. However, there was no significant difference in accuracy of the responds. Conclusion: The findings imply the role of depression severity in exacerbating attention bias in depressed people, and also the necessity to apply treatment methods or to use attention bias modification in depressed individuals

Introduction: The purpose of this study was comparing of resiliency, identity styles, spirituality, and perceived social support in addicts, non-addicts, and recovered addicts. Method: In this causal-comparative study, by available sampling, 30 addicts, 30 non-addicts, and 30 recovered addicts were selected of adolescents. All participants completed the resiliency, identity styles, spirituality, and perceived social support questionnaires. Results: The results of comparing of identity styles indicated that on informational and normative styles, non-addicts had significantly higher scores than addicts and recovered addicts. On avoidant/disoriented style, non addicts had significantly lower levels than two other addict groups. The results of comparing of resiliency showed that non-addicts had significantly higher scores than two other groups. Also recovered addicts were significantly more resilient than addicts. In comparing of spirituality component, non addicts and recovered addicts had significantly higher scores than addicts. By Comparing of perceived social support, non-addicts and recovered addicts had significantly higher levels than addicts. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, participating in NA groups and perception of social support increased the resiliency of recovered addicts. Also, identity is relatively consistent component that by participating in treatment process, does not change significantly.

Introduction & Objective: There are varieties of interventions to treatment of ADHD, among which drug therapy, behavior therapy, parental management training and neurofeedback can be cited. The present study designed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback and Ritalin on improving conduct problems and hyperactivity. Materials & Methods: Quasi-experimental research method with pretest-post test design has been applied in the research. Statistical population of the study consisted of ADHD children of Tehran. The study samples of the study were patients referred to children psychiatric clinic. Based on the purpose of the study' 20 children were randomly selected and classified into 2 groups according to random assignment. CPRS-48 (parent form) was administered by parents before and after the treatments as research tools. Recruited data was analyzed by SPSS-19 in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics. ANCOVA revealed some differences in the groups. Results: The findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference between Ritalin and neurofeedback on improving conduct problems in other words, Ritalin was more effective in alleviating the problems. Also there was no significant difference between the interventions on improving hyperactivity index. Conclusion: With respect to more efficiency of Ritalin than neurofeedback on certain continuum of signs/symptoms of ADHD, as a whole, preferences of interventions should be based on type, magnitude and severity of the syndrome.

Objective: The study has been conducted to compare the instruction effects of inductive thinking strategy with the traditional teaching approach on school achievement of students with mental retardation. Method: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test plan with control group has been adapted. A sample of 60 subjects were randomly selected from the population of the fifth- grader students of Hamedan special education schools, A representative sample was randomly assigned into two experimental groups and two control groups. (Each included 15 male and 15 female subjects.) Prior to the research phase both groups received a pre-test. Designed for a science course, the experimental group was assigned under the inductive thinking instruction technique and was instructed by well trained teachers for a period of four months. The number of sessions summed up to at least 24 thirty-minute sessions in a Learning Disability Center in Hamedan. Meanwhile, the control group (males and females) received their instructions in a traditionally presented technique of teacher- Student interactions. Results and recommendations: The school performances of both groups were evaluated by a post-test. The findings showed that the amount of the achievement of the students who received the inductive thinking instructions was far higher than the students who took the same science course by the traditional approach.