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Scutellaria topcuoglui (Lamiaceae) from Muğla Province (south-western Anatolia) is described as a new species to science. The new species is morphologically similar to S. glaphyrostachys, but differs from it by several morphological characters, such as the presence of glandular hairs in stems, leaves, bracts, calyx and corolla, scutellum length, corolla length, coloration, and indumentum, mericarp length, coloration, and sculpture, pollen shape, and habitat preference. Diagnostic characters, a comprehensive description, photographs, and a distribution map are provided.

This study based on micro and macro morphological features of Campanula lyrata subsp. icarica and Erysimum areum that have recently been reported in the flora of Turkey. C. lyrata subsp. icarica is distributed mainly in the East Aegean islands of Greece and as well as in İzmir and Muğla provinces of Turkey. E. aureum native to Central European Russia, Iran, North Caucasus, Northwest European Russia, South European Russia, Transcaucasus, Ukraine and also it distributed in Turkey. Diagnostic characteristics, full descriptions and micro-morphological features (seeds and polen grains) as well as differences between closely related species, diagnostic keys, locality information and distribution maps of these taxa are provided in the present study.

Information systems have been popularized in all areas of our lives, and today information systems literacy has also been formed as a concept. With the pandemic, this concept has become more important, especially for physicians. At the same time, information systems, decision support systems in medicine, and evidence-based medicine approaches have become supported and work is continuing rapidly. Therefore, it is inevitable that physicians will be aware of current developments in this field. The aim of this study is to determine the literacy of information systems of physicians working in the academic field but to demonstrate the sensitivity of DSS and evidence-based medicine with a machine learning approach. The dataset was obtained from the physicians working in the academic field in Turkey. By using web-based survey, all the information including some demographic attributes, the usage level of the DDS and EBM systems, and the score of ISL belonging to 810 physicians has been recruited from this survey. A comprehensive analysis process including both statistical significance tests and machine learning algorithms was conducted to determine the group differences about the ISL scale and classify the experienced and inexperienced people on the usage of DDS and EBM systems. The range F1-score for each machine learning algorithm was satisfying $$\left( {F1_{{{\text{DDS}}}} = .818\;{\text{to}}\;.992,\;F1_{{{\text{EBM}}}} = .797\;{\text{to}}\;.955} \right)$$ . From the view of both training and testing performance for DDS, random forest algorithm provided the best results than its competitors. In the examination of EBM usage, while C5.0 was found better in terms of training results, extreme gradient boosting machine with linear kernel has the highest F1-score on testing performance. In the study, the ISL scale was applied to physicians working in medical schools and its effectiveness was showed to a great extent. Statistical significance test results were obtained for the title, graduation institution, specialty institution and specialty type characteristics of the physicians. However, we associated DSS, EBM and system and application approaches with the scope of both aforementioned attributes and the ISL scale. We conducted a comprehensive comparative study by using various machine learning algorithms on the subject to the study and obtained useful insight about the factors on the usage level of DDS and EBM systems. It is expected that the results will be a guide for all physicians and administrators working in the academic field.

In this study, Fritillaria arsusiana (Liliaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Hatay province in southern Anatolia, Turkey. It is related to F. amana and F. hermonis by habitus features and broadly campanulate flowers, but differs mainly by its bulb shape and size, smaller leaf and flower features, and flower colour. It has also been morphologically compared with F. wendelboi, F. pinardii, and F. latakiensis. The detailed description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, geographical distribution, habitat and phenology, etymology, conservation status, and identification key of the new and the related species are presented in this study. IUCN conservation status of F. arsusiana is suggested as Critically Endangered (CR).

Here we describe Centaurea hekimhanensis, a new species found in Hekimhan (Turkey, Malatya Province). This Centaurea grows on the stony-gravel mountain slopes of Yamadag and is morphologically similar to C. reuteriana, C. bourgaei, and C. pichleri in terms of their flowering lateral stem at the base of the rosette, but differs regarding the shape of the stem and rosette leaves, and the size of the rosette leaves and median appendages; the achene ornamentation is irregularly sulcate. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n = 20., Scientific Investigation Project Coordinator of Selcuk University [15101001], We would like to thank the curators of the ANK, GAZI, ISTF, ISTE and KNYA Herbaria for their helpful assistance and Meryem BOZKURT for her assistance in chromosome studies. We are also grateful to the Scientific Investigation Project Coordinator of Selcuk University (Project No: 15101001) for their financial support.

A new species, Muscari inundatum (Asparagaceae) from Turkey, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to M. neglectum and M. adilii, but differs mainly by its shouldered fertile flowers with erect to slightly recurved lobes at maturity. In this study, a comprehensive description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, detailed illustration, geographical distribution, conservation assessment, identification key, and taxonomic comments on the new species are presented.

The material selection problem is of particular importance in achieving the goals of sustainable development in construction projects. This issue has always faced many challenges, so it is essential to consider some criteria for this selection. Besides, the different opinions of various stakeholders may also pose challenges during the project implementation phases. The present paper attempts to identify the most important criteria in material selection process by reviewing the research literature. Accordingly, first of all, the main factors affecting the approach of material selection, from the perspective of sustainable development, were divided into five categories including (1) technical, (2) economical, (3) environmental, (4) socio-cultural and (5) Site and others. Moreover, the parameters related to each of these factors were identified and then were measured to determine the most preferred sub-criteria, using statistical and inferential analyzes. Also, the differences in the opinions of various stakeholders of the project (employer, consultant, contractor, and supplier) were evaluated in the prioritization of sub-criteria. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significant relationship between the selections of these factors as the main factors affecting the selection process of sustainable material. Furthermore, among the 62 identified sub-factors, only 36 sub-criteria were recognized as influential sub-criteria. Also, the results of the Kendall Correlation Test to determine the viewpoints of the various stakeholders of the project in the prioritization of sub-criteria indicated a difference in the perception of the respondent groups in the selection of criteria affecting the sustainable material selection. The findings of this study can be used as a guide for decision-makers to evaluate sustainable actions in the matter of material selection in construction projects.

A new species, Muscari muglaensis Eker, H.Duman & Yıldırım sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from Turkey, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to M. weissii, M. comosum, M. cycladicum and M. elmasii, but differs mainly by its large bulbs and fruit structure from M. weissii and M. comosum, and long pedicels of fertile flowers and transversely growing raceme in fruit from M. cycladicum and M. elmasii. In this study, a comprehensive description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, detailed illustration, geographical distribution, conservation assessment, identification key, observations, and taxonomic comments on the new species are presented.

Campanula sect. Quinqueloculares (Campanulaceae), consisting of ca. 39 mostly chasmophytic species, is one of the most morphologically variable groups in Campanula and includes numerous endemics occurring mostly in Greece and/or Turkey. in this molecular study, we aim to test the monophyly of C. sect. Quinqueloculares and provide divergence time estimates to generate hypotheses into the historical processes responsible for the diversification and current distribution patterns of this group. Individual and combined data matrices consisting of plastid (NADHS-2, rpoC1-1, rpoC2-1, rpoC2-2, rpoC2-3, trnT-trnL) and nuclear (2017561, ITS, PPR11, PPR70) markers were constructed for 121 taxa. Results indicate that C. sect. Quinqueloculares, as traditionally circumscribed, is polyphyletic. Species are largely clustered into two well-supported clades, except for three taxa excluded from these groups. Additionally, a few taxa belonging to other sections are confidently nested within the two Quinqueloculares clades. The first clade (Greek clade) includes one isophylloid species nested with 25 Greek endemics belonging to C. sect. Quinqueloculares. The second clade (Southeastern Aegean-Turkish clade) comprises 20 C. sect. Quinqueloculares taxa and 3 species of C. sect. Rupestres, all distributed in the southeastern Aegean and Turkey. Divergence time estimates suggest that these clades originated in the Late Miocene. Temporal and geographic patterns are consistent with a vicariant scenario driven by geological events during the Miocene, such as the formation of the Mid-Aegean trench and the Messinian salinity crisis., U.S. National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0953677]; Greek General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI); Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113Z072], This research was supported in part by a U.S. National Science Foundation grant to NC (DEB-0953677) and by a grant to EL from the Greek General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT) and the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) (2017-2019). The Campanula material from Turkey was collected during a research project supported by a grant to HY from the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK) (Project Number: 113Z072). We thank D. Lakui and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive feedback that improved our paper. Finally, we are grateful to Professor D. Phitos for his invaluable support.

Achieving job satisfaction of employees in today’s forestry is an undeniable fact in terms of successful resource management. This study aims at examining the most significant factors affecting job satisfaction in Turkish forestry. Two different questionnaires were applied to 496 interviewees from two different interest groups associated with the forestry section of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs in the nine geographical regions of Turkey. People to be interviewed were determined using the layered-simple random sampling method. The obtained data were evaluated via descriptive statistics, and also, whether the ideas of the interviewees related to the most significant factors affecting the job satisfaction differ according to the regions, the units studied, the task and the experience were inspected by the Kruskal-Wallis H Test. The different groups were determined via the Duncan Test. Accordingly, the vast majority of interviewees identified “unfair and incompetent personnel policy” and “political pressures” as the most significant factors affecting the work efficiency in the Forestry Organization. On the other hand, the majority of employees are satisfied from their works and they think “the feeling to be useful to the community” as the most important factor affecting job satisfaction. Similarly, the majority of employees have “medium level” satisfaction with the wages they receive and they are open to share their opinions on issues related to forestry. Also, most of the interviewees have the idea that the management and inspection mentality which is far from political, social and administrative pressures will increase the job satisfaction. Likewise, 75% of employees feel unsafe in any legal inquiry about the task. All these negativities were revealed and interpreted as factors reducing job satisfaction and so success. According to these results, some suggestions were developed towards increasing job satisfaction.

Bellevalia bayburtensis (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Bayburt Province in northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description, detailed illustrations, and a distribution map are provided. It is morphologically similar to B. rixii and B. paradoxa, but clearly differs from these species by the leaf shape, the bud and flower colour.

Crocus asymmetricus (Iridaceae) is described as a new species endemic to the southern part of the Anatolian diagonal in Turkey. It is phylogenetically related to C. vitellinus and morphologically to C. antalyensis, but differs from these species in showing an asymmetric corm and a single point of root emergence. Both C. antalyensis and C. asymmetricus are illustrated and compared in this paper. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the nuclear rDNA ITS region confirms the affiliation of C. asymmetricus to C. ser. Flavi, and its close relationship to C. vitellinus. A new identification key to the species of C. ser. Flavi occurring in Turkey is also presented.

In the study, Puschkinia scilloides Adams, P. bilgineri Yıldırım, and P. peshmenii Rix et B. Mathew were compared anatomically. Although the stem vascular bundles were arranged in two rows in P. peshmenii, they can observed in three rows in P. scilloides and P. bilgineri. In addition, some differences were found, such as the metaxylem number in the root, number of vascular bundles in the scape, presence of raphide crystals, and number of protruding epidermis cells at the tip of the leaf. These differences have been found to be taxonomically useful for distinguishing these species. Moreover, similarities and differences between Puschkinia Adams and the taxonomically closely related Scilla L. section Chionodoxa Boiss. and Scilla bifolia L. taxa were also discussed.

Rindera cetineri Yıldırım (Boraginaceae) is described here as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description, and detailed illustrations are given herein. Rindera cetineri is restricted to the Akdağ Mountain in the Çameli district of the province of Denizli in western Anatolia, Turkey. It shows morphological similarities to Rindera lanata, Rindera graeca, Rindera caespitosa, and Rindera dumanii. It is easily distinguished from these species, especially by its linear to linear lanceolate and light pinkish-purple with darker striation lobes; corolla lobes divided into 2/5–1/2 corolla lenght; anther shorter than lobes.

Bu çalışmada hedonik regresyon, en yakın komşu regresyon ve yapay sinir ağları metotları Türkiye’nin Adana iline ait gerçek ve güncel bir veri seti üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Geleneksel olarak, ev fiyatlarının tahmininde hedonic regresyon metotları kullanılmaktadır. Ev fiyatlarını etkileyen faktörler arasındaki ilişkilerin yapısının genel olarak doğrusal olmaması nedeniyle bazı alternatif metotlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. En yakın komşuluk regresyon ve yapay sinir ağları hem esnek hem de doğrusal olmayan uyumlar sunmaktadır. Klasik hedonic regresyon yaklaşımı ve doğrusal olmayan alternatifleri karma yapıda ki bir veri kümesine uygulanmış ve hata kareler ortalaması, belirleyicilik katsayısı (R kare) ve ortalama mutlak hatayı içeren bazı performans ölçütlerine dayanarak karşılaştırılmıştır.En yakın komşu ve yapay sinir ağları için uygun model parametrelerini belirlemek için çapraz geçerlilik metodu kullanılmıştır.Sonuçlara göre, yapay sinir ağları diğer metotlarla karşılaştırıldığında tüm ölçülere göre daha iyi bulunmuştur.Ayrıca en yakın komşu metodu hedonik regresyon metodundan daha düşük performanslı olmasına rağmen makul sonuçlar sağlamaktadır. Yapay sinir ağlarının ev fiyatlarının tahmininde güçlü bir araç olduğu görülmüştür., In this paper, hedonic regression, nearest neighbors regression and artificial neural networks methods are applied to the real and up to date estate data set belongs to Adana province of Turkey. Traditionally, hedonic regression methods have been used to predict house prices. Because of the nature of the relationships between the factors affecting house prices are generally being nonlinear; some alternative methods have been needed. Nearest neighbors regression (k-nn) and artificial neural networks (ANN) present both flexible and nonlinear fittings. Classical hedonic approach and its nonlinear alternatives have been employed on a mixed types data set and compared based on some performance measures including root mean squared error, the coefficient of determination (R squared), the coefficient of determination, and mean absolute error. Cross validation method has been used to determine the appropriate model parameters for nearest neighbors and ANN. According to the results, ANN is found better when compared to other methods in terms of all measures. Besides, k-nn regression method provides reasonable results despite of lower performance than hedonic regression method. It has been seen that ANN is a powerful tool for predicting house prices.

The present paper aimed to propose a new support approach to choosing the optimal structural system in accordance with sustainable materials in mass-housing projects. To this end, an integrated fuzzy multi-criteria-decision-making (fuzzy MCDM) method was used to identify the criteria affecting sustainable material selection. The proposed approach consists of a three-phase protocol: In phase I, the literature was used to create a database encompassing 42 factors affecting the selection of materials. These factors were classified as four indicators (economic, environmental, socio-cultural, technical-executive) in accordance with the sustainable development aspects. In phase II, the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) was used to screen the key factors. In phase III, an integrated fuzzy SWARA–ARAS method was used to prioritize the optimal structural system for a case project: evidence from Iran. The results of selecting the structural systems based on 14 efficient key factors showed that the Light Steel Frame (LSF), Insulation Concrete framework (ICF), and the Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete System (PRC) systems have the highest priority to achieve the goals of sustainable material selection, respectively.

Allium mardinense Balos, H. Akan & Yildirim, a new species of Allium sect. Allium, is described from Mardin Province, southeastern Turkey. It resembles A. aybukeae and A. enginii but differs from them by several morphological characters, such as its filament length, inner tepal shape and surface, and anther colour. Diagnostic characters, a comprehensive description, photographs, and a distribution map of A. mardinense are provided., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [120Z165]; Research Fund of Harran University [BAP-19098], We thank Prof. Dr. Neriman Ozhatay and Assoc. Prof. Mine Kocyigit for their support. This work was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (project number 120Z165), and the Research Fund of Harran University (project number BAP-19098). Finally, we thank Seval Erdem for the drawings.

Belgrad Forest is one of the most visited forest areas in Istanbul and contains nine nature parks which are open to visitors and very popular. This study examines decision-making processes of the planning for these areas. To measure public participation in and approaches to the decision-making processes, a questionnaire was given to 1.103 visitors. It has been observed that the public does not participate in decision-making processes, although the public does have a role in legislation for the forest. Participants especially wanted to have input were determined to be ways of using the forest and ensuring that safety precautions and cleanliness were addressed. A SWOT analysis was carried out with the responsible groups and discussed approaches to planning, legislation, and implementation. The conclusion was that human pressure on nature parks should be reduced. It was suggested that non-governmental organizations should play an important role in decision-making mechanisms, as should individuals.

Background Because of climate and forest vegetation, Turkey has regions (particularly the Mediterranean and Aegean regions) that are vulnerable to forest fires. Approximately 2000 forest fires have occurred every year for the last 20 years, with at least 48% of them caused by humans. This percentage increases to 71% when the rates of fires of unknown causes are included. In this study, legislation on Turkish forest fires was analyzed based on the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO’s) guide, “Forest Fires and the Law.” The guide was prepared by expert lawyers and addresses the basic topics of definitions; institutional setup and interinstitutional coordination planning, monitoring, and assessment; prevention and preparedness; detection and early warning and suppression; participatory and community-based approaches to fire management; fire use; rehabilitation; and law enforcement. The objective of this study was to reveal the current status of Turkish forestry legislation and its practices based on the FAO guide. Results According to our analysis, Turkish forestry legislation has followed the FAO criteria 78.1% of the time. It is clear that effective regulations exist, with the Turkish Constitution being the foremost touchstone. The results illustrate that, no matter how strong the legislation is, a deficiency in administrative measures and a lack of public awareness make combating forest fires unsuccessful. Conclusions The areas that need to be improved have been determined to be definitions, participatory and community-based approaches to fire management, and creating a fire line. A focus on public participation and the social approach is needed.

This study aimed to compare the phenolic profiles, enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of the bulb, stem and flower parts of Allium paniculatum subsp. villosulum and Allium paniculatum subsp. paniculatum. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were spectrophotometrically determined, and the bulb (21.88 mg GAE/g extract) and flower (2.89 mg QE/g extract) parts of A. paniculatum subsp. villosulum were detected with the highest levels. Quantification of selected phenolic compounds was performed using LC–ESI–MS/MS, and p-coumaric acid (981.9, 952.6 ?g/gram extract) was the major compound of both plants. Antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated in terms of radical scavenging (DPPH, ABTS) and reducing power (CUPRAC, FRAP) activities, and the highest values were observed in the bulb parts of the plants. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the extracts were determined using a 96-well microplate reader. The flower (IC50 11.72 and 8.43 µg/ml) and stem parts (IC50 49.16 µg/ml) of A. paniculatum subsp. villosulum were the most potent samples. In addition, the results of the analyses were further evaluated and verified by principal component analysis. Conclusively, the variation and correlation of the bioactive compounds and biological activities of the different parts of both Allium species were investigated with the present research. © 2020, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences., 217S341 Ege Üniversitesi, This research was financially supported by TUBITAK (217S341). Also, we thank the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre (FABAL) of Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy for equipmental support. We are grateful to Ege University Planning and Monitoring Coordination of Organizational Development and Directorate of Library and Documantaion for their support in editing and proofreading service of this study., This research was financially supported by TUBITAK (217S341). Also, we thank the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre (FABAL) of Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy for equipmental support. We are grateful to Ege University Planning and Monitoring Coordination of?Organizational Development and Directorate of Library and Documantaion for their support in editing and proofreading service of this study.

In this paper, Ball Milling Method (BMM) is employed on recycled aggregate (RA) with an optimization process which is conducted to enhance RA efficiently eliminating attached old mortar (AOM) content in RA. Various combinations of drum rotation (R) (100-200-300-400-500) and the steel balls (S) (0-2-5-7-10-12) applied to the recycled aggregate during the BMM process and treated recycled aggregates (RAi) are obtained. The mechanical properties (compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength values and elasticity modulus) and the non-linear fracture parameters (effective crack length, crack mouth opening displacement, crack tip opening displacement, initial cracking toughness, unstable fracture toughness and fracture energy) of concretes including untreated and treated recycled aggregate (RAi) are determined. The test results proved that the water absorption values of recycled aggregates in the size of 4–11.2 mm and 11.2–22.4 mm reduced from 8.80% to 1.40% and 8.95% to 0.84%, respectively, after treatment process. It is also found that the compressive strength of concretes are marginally affected with the use of treated recycled aggregate (RAi) up to 60% which is twofold of the optimum recycled aggregate proportion given in the literature. Moreover, 60% RAi content in concrete can be recommended in terms of fracture characteristics (ac, CMODc, CTODc, Kicini, Kicun and GF).

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki ormancılık örgütünün mevcut durumunu, yönetim ve organizasyon sorunlarını ortaya koymak, alternatif örgütlenme modellerini geliştirmek ve en uygun olanını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma verilerini toplamak için Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığına bağlı ormancılık birimleri kapsamında, Türkiye’de dokuz bölgede, dört farklı ilgi grubundan (çalışanlar, uzmanlar, ilgili kurum ve STK temsilcileri) toplam 565 deneğe dört farklı anket yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile uygulanmış, ilgi gruplarıyla görüşmeler yapılmış ve toplantılar düzenlenmiştir. Denekler, katmanlı-basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın temel materyalini anket uygulamasından ve görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Veriler betimsel istatistiklerle değerlendirilmiş, ormancılık örgütünün yönetimi ve örgütlenmesi ile ilgili düşüncelerin bölgelere, birimlere, göreve ve deneyime göre farklılığı Kruskal-Wallis H-Testi ile denetlenmiş ve farklı gruplar Duncan Testi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında Türkiye’deki ormancılık örgütünün mevcut durumu saptanmış, yönetim ve organizasyon sorunları ortaya konmuştur. Türkiye ormancılığı için alternatif örgütlenme ve yönetim modelleri geliştirilmiş ve dört ilgi grubu tarafından en fazla tercih edilen modellerin “Model-3” ve “Model-2” olduğu saptanmıştır. Model 3’te, ormancılık örgütü merkezde altı ayrı genel müdürlük, taşrada ise homojen havzalarda bölgesel Ormancılık Araştırma-Geliştirme ve Denetleme birimleri ile mikro havzalar bazında güçlü tek bir ormancılık işletmesi şeklinde yapılandırılmaktadır. Model-2’de, ormancılık örgütünün merkezde Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, taşrada ise havza bazında bölgesel ve işletme şeklinde tek birim olarak örgütlenmesi ve yönetilmesi esastır. Her iki modelde de orman kaynaklarının bir bütünlük anlayışı içerisinde yönetilmesine, yetki-sorumluluk çatışmasının ortadan kalkmasına, kaynakların etkin kullanılmasına, örgütün dinamik bir yapıya kavuşmasına, personelin tavandan tabana yayılmasına hizmet etmektedir. Modeller tartışılarak öneriler geliştirilmiş, karar vericilerin ve uygulayıcıların değerlendirmesine sunulmuştur.

With the R'WOT technique, this study was dealt with aiming to determine the current problems related to Turkey's forestry organization and management, to put forward the solution proposals and to contribute to the development of forestry organization and forest resources management strategies in accordance with contemporary forestry mentality. For this purpose, SWOT questionnaires were applied to the total of 565 interviewees consist of four different interest groups such as employees, subject experts, related institutions and NGO representatives related to the forestry section of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs in the nine geographical regions of Turkey. The data obtained from these studies were evaluated using the R’WOT technique and the current situation of the forestry organization and management in Turkey, problems and solutions have been identified. According to the findings the managers and technical staffs in forestry organization considered the "Threats" group, subject experts, the representatives of related institutions and NGO representatives considered the "Opportunities" group as the SWOT group with the highest priority. In addition, “the forestry being strong and having the whole country” factor was considered the first priority by the employees of the organization, representatives of the related institutions and NGO representatives, and the second priority as “Strong Direction" by the subject experts. In this sense, the factor of "no being of personnel policy based on qualification and expertise, placing importance on political factors rather than qualification in appointing and promoting” was determined by all interest groups as the first priority “Weakness Direction”. Likewise, in the sense of “Opportunities”, the factor of "increasing the interest in forestry of gaining importance of environmental values and issues related to nature all over the world", and in the sense of "Threats" the factor of "being of political, bureaucratic and local oppressions on forest and forestry employees” were identified as the first priority factor by all interested groups. As a result of the research, it was determined that the forestry organization cannot be established as an institutional structure and cannot be managed effectively, and the management and organization problems were determined and suggestions were developed to solve these problems.

In this paper, the impact resistance of concrete produced with cold-bonded fly ash aggregates (FAAs) in partial or full replacement, by volume, of crushed limestone coarse aggregates was investigated. Fly ash aggregates were produced as plain (PFAA), with 0.1% crumb rubber (CRRFAA) and with 0.1% polypropylene fibers (PPFRFAA), by weight, as reinforcement. Nine concretes are produced at w/c of 0.40 by replacing crushed stone coarse aggregate at 4–8 mm, 8–16 mm and 4–16 mm size fractions with fly ash aggregate together with the control concrete having a target compressive strength of 50 MPa. While use of different types of FAAs resulted in slight to substantial decrease of compressive and splitting tensile strengths and impact resistance of concretes, higher values are obtained in concretes with FAAs replacing 8–16 mm size group of crushed stone coarse aggregate. Polypropylene fiber and crumb rubber addition into the fly ash pellets increased the ability of the aggregates to absorb energy and thus the impact resistance of concrete. The polypropylene fibers protruding from the surface of FAAs might have caused better adherence of the FAAs to the cement paste to result in higher impact resistance.

Beton, ikisi de gevrek malzeme olan cimento hamuru ve agregadan olusmasina karsin beton yari gevrek bir malzemedir. Bunun nedeni cimento esasli matriste dis yuklerden bagimsiz olarak olusan mikrocatlaklardir. Mevcut mikrocatlaklar, gerilme orani arttikca artar ve yavas catlak yayilmasi olusur. Sureksizlik sinirina varildiginda mikrocatlaklarin onemli olcude artmasiyla birlikte poisson oraninda belirli bir artis olmaya baslar. Harc icerisinde ilerleyen catlaklar birleserek cozulme sinirinda surekli bir catlak agi olusumuna neden olur. Bu calismada 3 farkli su/cimento oraninda betonlar uretilmis ve her bir oran icin %0, %20, %40, %60 ve %70 konsantrasyonlarinda kirectasi kokenli agregalar kullanilmistir. Farkli agrega konsantrasyonunun betonun basinc dayanimi, elastisite modulu, poisson orani, sureksizlik ve cozulme sinirlari, kirilma sekil degistirme isi, egilmede ve yarmada cekme dayanimlari ve su emme ozellikleri uzerinde etkisi incelenmistir.

WOS: 000417369600020, The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-urease activities of essential oil, hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of Sideritis pisidica Boiss. & Heldr. The essential oil and fatty acid composition were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. delta-Cadinene (19.5 %), T-cadinol (16.7 %) and beta-cubebene (10.4 %) were identified as the main compounds of the essential oil whereas the most abundant compounds of fatty acids were found as linolenic (42.7 %), palmitic (31.3 %) and linoleic (13.4%) acids. The methanol extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity in all tests, except for metal chelating assay. The hexane extract was found to be significantly active in metal chelating (IC50 : 22.97 +/- 1.36 mu g/mL), acetylcholinesterase (62.54 +/- 0.88 %) and urease inhibitory (78.93 +/- 0.17 %) assays. These results show that the Sideritis pisidica could be used as the potential source of natural products in the food and pharmaceutical areas.

Scilla hakkariensis, sp. nov. (Asparagaceae), described herein as a new species to science, is endemic to the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. It is related to S. libanotica Speta and S. mischtschenkoana Grossh., but clearly differs from them based on the morphological differences presented in the species description. Specifically, it is easily distinguished from both of them by its seeds without elaiosome. In addition, the conservation status, a distribution map, and notes on the biogeography and ecology of the new species are given. © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.