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Background: With the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into healthcare systems, there is a growing emphasis on privacy and ethical considerations. Nurses, as frontline healthcare professionals, are pivotal in-patient care and offer valuable insights into the ethical implications of AI adoption. Objectives: This study aimed to explore nurses' perspectives on privacy and ethical concerns associated with the implementation of AI in healthcare settings. Methods: We employed Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology as the qualitative research approach. Data were collected through purposive sampling from the December 7, 2023 to the January 15, 2024, with interviews conducted in Bengali. Thematic analysis was utilized following member checking and an audit trail. Results: Six themes emerged from the research findings: Ethical dimensions of AI integration, highlighting complexities in incorporating AI ethically; Privacy challenges in healthcare AI, revealing concerns about data security and confidentiality; Balancing innovation and ethical practice, indicating a need to reconcile technological advancements with ethical considerations; Human touch vs. technological progress, underscoring tensions between automation and personalized care; Patient-centered care in the AI era, emphasizing the importance of maintaining focus on patients amidst technological advancements; and Ethical preparedness and education, suggesting a need for enhanced training and education on ethical AI use in healthcare. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of addressing privacy and ethical concerns in AI healthcare development. Nurses advocate for patient-centered approaches and collaborate with policymakers and tech developers to ensure responsible AI adoption. Further research is imperative for mitigating ethical challenges and promoting ethical AI in healthcare practice.

Organic semiconductors with wide bandgaps have potential applications in organic light-emitting diode displays, organic photovoltaic devices, organic field-effect transistors and solar cells. However, organic semiconductors are not good conductors of electricity. This study synthesizes the banana-graphene nanofibrous membrane using an electric spin process to form a tunable bandgap to enhance conductivity. The chemical process was followed to prepare liquid viscous from banana stalks. Different percentages of graphene (1.2 wt.%, 2.4 wt.% and 3.6 wt.%) were used with the liquid viscous to form sizeable and tunable bandgaps in the composites and enhance the conductivity of the materials. The results showed 5.67 %, 24.5 %, and 27.8 % lower bandgap for 1.2 wt.%, 2.4 %, and 3.6 wt.% graphene-contained samples, respectively, as compared to the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) viscous fibre (3.35 eV). With the addition of graphene with PVA viscous fibre, the properties of electrospun nanofibrous graphene were changed from insulator to semiconductor. The band gap property was controlled by incorporating graphene with various percentages. The morphology of the surfaces showed that nanofibers are bonded with each other, and graphene nanoparticles are uniformly distributed. The results of this work can be considered to further progress in manufacturing nanocomposites for organic semiconductor applications.

MFCs (Microbial Fuel Cell) are bio-electrochemical devices that use microorganisms as biocatalysts to transform the chemical energy found in organic or inorganic compounds into electric currents. However, one of the limitations of this technology in terms of practical application is its lower electric efficiency, which greatly depends on the selection of anode material and the types of waste water used. In this work, organically rich wastewater and pure magnesium anode materials were utilized. Also, to investigate the effect of electrode size on power generation, five different sizes of coin-shaped anodes were employed for the variation in anode size, whose diameter and thickness were (15 mm × 2 mm), (20 mm × 2 mm), (20 mm × 3 mm), (20 mm × 4 mm), and (25 mm × 2 mm) with corresponding surface areas [2πr(r+h)] are 448 mm 2, 754 mm 2, 817 mm 2, 880 mm 2 and 1139 mm 2, respectively. The maximum obtained current density, power density, and energy densities were 4734.26 mA/m2, 37400.625 mW/m2 and 81.59 kW-h/kg respectively, by the smallest anode of size (15 mm × 2 mm). This investigation showed that a reduction in the size of the anode decreases the loss in the activation zone. As a result, from the smallest anode, maximum power and energy output were obtained. Finally, this analysis outlines the process and approaches for MFC to produce more power at a potentially lower cost. It is noted that same waste water has been used throughout the study where surface area of the samples vary from lowest to highest level.

The introduction of boron nitride (BN), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and titanium oxide (TiO2) as dopants in pristine graphene leads to the modification of its transport properties, resulting in the production of graphene semiconductors and alteration of its semiconductive characteristics. The achievement of high-quality electronic devices necessitates considering doping and producing a broader energy bandgap in graphene. The optical determination of charge density in intrinsic graphene may be achieved by utilizing the D Raman peak, where an increased charge density is associated with a decreasing peak split. Strong connections have been seen between the energy bandgap (Eg) and the locations of the G and D peaks. Various doping materials exhibit distinct variations and effects on the doping process of graphene. The determination of doping levels in graphene may be achieved with far greater accuracy by observing the ID/IG ratios, compared to the traditional method of measuring the G-band shift with charge. The determination of average crystallite size, as well as the observation of the parameter La, is crucial in comprehending the doping and flaws present in graphene materials that have been manufactured.

This study investigates the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth at sectoral levels in Bangladesh, employing a panel study framework. Utilizing sectoral-level panel data spanning six sectors from 2007-08 to 2018-19, the analysis is conducted using Panel Vector Error Correction Model (Panel VECM). Results from panel unit root tests confirm that all variables are integrated of order one I (1), indicating stationarity. The Pedroni panel co-integration test further supports the presence of co-integration among the variables. Notably, the Panel VECM reveals evidence of a unidirectional causal relationship from Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) to Real Foreign Direct Investment (RFDI) across all six sectors of Bangladesh. The findings underscore the significance of formulating pragmatic policies and implementing them effectively to attract FDI across sectors, thereby contributing to the overall economic growth of Bangladesh.

The use of 3D printing in robotics has a lot of potential, and the technology is rapidly gaining traction in a variety of industries. Additive manufacturing has expanded into new areas thanks to the availability of a wide range of printing resources and fabrication methods. Moreover, the properties of the printed materials can be improved by incorporating nanoparticles. We used a stereo lithography equipment apparatus (SLA) to print nanocomposites and put them through various tests to determine the characteristics of a polymer based on Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and varying concentrations of graphene (Gr). Including S1 (pure ABS resin), S2 (ABS resin with 0.1 % Gr), S3 (ABS resin with 0.3 % Gr), and S4 (ABS resin with 0.5 % Gr), we created a total of four types of materials. Tensile, bending, compression, hardness tests, and many others, are used for mechanical testing purposes on all specimen kinds. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy were used for morphological study. The S2 sample (ABS resin with 0.1 % Gr) performed exceptionally well in every mechanical test. When 0.1 % Gr was added, the tensile, bending, and compressive strength were much improved, whereas in the bending test, S2 showed the greatest results, withstanding stress up to 47 N/mm2 and displaying a strain of 12 %, which contains 0.1 % graphene and There, we were able to notice that the compression stress varied from 13.3 N/mm2 to 18.3 N/mm2 whereas sample S2 (ABS resin with 0.1 % graphene) demonstrated the best compressive strength. The SEM and EDX analysis of S2 revealed remarkable properties, such as a surface structure devoid of fractures, pores, and cavities and substantial carbon stretching in almost all samples obtained by FTIR. TGA results showed that under heating conditions, all samples had essentially the same characteristics and showed essential signs of crystallization in XRD analysis.

This study conducts a semi-systematic literature review of research pertaining to employability to identify essential employability skills that employers seek in recent graduates. The comprehensive analysis of the existing literature review aims to present a set of global employability skills, identify similarities, variations, or changes in these skills across time, and explore the most relevant existing employability skills for the 21st-century workplace. The review includes 30 years of research articles and government reports published in English and considers 25 studies based on the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR-4-SLR). After removing duplicates, 87 unique skills were identified and listed under three distinct temporal themes (the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s), with problem-solving, communication, teamwork, adaptability, and willingness to learn among the most commonly reported skills over time. The study found a mismatch between employers' expectations and graduates' possessed skills. Therefore, the list of employability skills identified in this study can serve as a valuable tool for addressing this mismatch. The study's findings can also help educators and employers to better align their efforts to prepare students for the modern workplace.

Bio-oil is one of the potential resources to address the sustainable energy development and environmental issues. Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process is one of the popular techniques that is used to extract bio-oil from biomass. In this paper, the bio-oil has been extracted from Palm Kernel Shells by using microwave-assisted and conventional heating pyrolysis processes. A modified heating mantle apparatus are used to conduct the experiment for extracting the bio-oil. The experiments are conducted by varying the hydrothermal temperature and time for both techniques to achieve the conversion of the bio-oil from the raw material. It is found that the yield of bio-oil for microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process at 350°C and 400°C are from 10.70 wt% to 25.60 wt% within hydrothermal time 6, 9 and 12 minutes. The pH value of the bio-oil is acidic with the range from 3 to 4. The calorific value of the bio-oil is varied from 24 to 26 MJ/kg for both conversion methods. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) result reveals that multiple functional groups (alcohol, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and ketones) are present in the PKS bio-oil.

In this work, the electrolyte nano fibrous solution is prepared using corn husk through a chemical process. This study explores the new aspect of producing sizeable and tunable bandgap in graphene by doping organic nanoporous solution as a membrane. The energy bandgap of organic doped graphene membrane varies from 2.313 eV to 2.502 eV. It is noted that the organic nanoporous solution as a membrane also has a bandgap under with (2.665 eV) and without PVA (3.761 eV). The membrane is produced by the phase inversion process. The incorporation of graphene in green solution also exhibits conductive properties like organic nanoporous solution which in terns used as electrolytes to produce electricity. It is the first successful attempt to create a direct graphene bandgap with organic doping but it still requires more research for a better understanding of the properties for future applications. This concept can also be used where bandgap is a very concerning issue. The physical properties of with and without a graphene-based organic membrane are examined by Scanning Electron Microscope Test (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Test (FTIR), and Ultra Violate Test (UV). Sample 4 has a superior surface morphology, which means the particle dispersion is more homogeneous than the others. There are porosities in all the samples.

FinTech has raised the risk-taking level of financial institutions. This paper aims to explore FinTech Credit (FTC) scale of non-financial institutions and the risk-taking level of financial institutions into Opiela’s model, constructs objective functions and constraints for representative financial institutions by conducting theoretical analysis and research hypothesis. It also explores the relationship between FTCscale and the proportion of agriculture-related loans. Based on the balanced panel data of 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2009 to 2017, the individual fixed effects model is used to test the research hypothesis. Then, based on the balanced panel data of 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2009 to 2017, the research hypothesis was tested using an individual fixed-effects model to explore the relationship between FTCscale and the proportion of agriculture-related loans. The results show that the FTCscale can increase the share of agriculture-related loans in financial institutions. Still, the percentage of agriculture-related loans and e-commerce factors increase at a marginal decreasing rate. Furthermore, the study shows that marketization and real estate development also indirectly affect the proportion of agricultural loans through the mediating part of the FTCscale. Finally, policy recommendations are proposed to develop FTC and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.

Abiotic stress has become an alarming issue for plant survival due to the constant changes in the environment. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, waterlogging, and heavy metals largely influence plant growth and development that finally reduce crop productivity. The present study was carried out to investigate the responses of jute (Corchorus olitorius cv. O-9897) plant under different abiotic stresses. At 15th days after sowing plants were exposed to different abiotic stresses for various duration. Two doses of NaCl (200 and 400 mM) were applied to impose salt stress, while two doses of CdCl2 (2 and 4 mM) were applied for cadmium (Cd) stress. Waterlogging stress was applied for 5 and 15 days. Whereas drought stress was imposed on plants for 10 and 15 days. Leaf relative water content, SPAD value, plant height, above ground fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and stem diameter decreased upon exposure to salt, water deficit, Cd, and waterlogging stresses. These abiotic stresses resulted in oxidative damage which was evident by the increased levels of lipid peroxidation, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage (EL) together with altered antioxidant enzymes activities and glyoxalase system which are crucial for plants to fight against oxidative damage. Both duration of waterlogging and drought stress drastically affected plant morphophysiology, whereas C. olitorius could tolerate moderate level of salt (200 mM NaCl) and Cd (2 mM CdCl2). So the present study reveals that abiotic stresses cause substantial damages to the morphophysiology and oxidative stress tolerance of C. olitorius where the higher doses of NaCl and CdCl2 as well as the increased duration of waterlogging and drought resulted in more deleterious effect.

Infrastructure development has been a priority area since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was proposed. This paper uses the generalized method of moments (GMM) to analyze the relationship between the green logistics, environment and economic growth based on panel data of countries along the BRI from 2007 to 2018. It is found that fossil fuels are the core of logistics operation activities, and the more fossil fuels are used, the more detrimental to the sustainable development of the environment. ''The green logistics is negatively correlated with fossil fuel energy consumption and carbon emissions per capita in countries along the Belt and Road. At the same time, the green logistics can also bring more export opportunities for these countries and increase the national income per capita. The development of the green logistics is of great significance to the countries' environment and sustainable economic development along the Belt and Road.

It has been suggested to longitudinally monitor Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) as a biomarker for the detection of recombinant growth hormone (GH). Subsequently, it is of interest to understand any confounders of endogenous IGF-I. Herein we have studied if serum IGF-I concentration is affected by the intake of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and the potential connection between IGF-I and klotho protein. Moreover, the usefulness of klotho as a biomarker for recombinant GH intake was assessed in healthy male volunteers. An ongoing administration of AAS did not affect the levels of IGF-I. Klotho protein was ~30% higher in men with an ongoing AAS use compared to those with previous (>2 months ago) AAS use, and the serum klotho protein correlated negatively with luteinizing hormone (LH) (rs = −0.38, p = 0.04) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (rs = −0.35, p = 0.05) levels. Serum IGF-I and klotho concentrations showed no correlation in the AAS using population but showed a strong negative correlation in healthy volunteers (rs = −0.86, p = 0.006). The intake of recombinant GH did not affect the serum concentrations of the klotho levels. In conclusion, IGF-I was not affected by supra-physiological AAS doses in men. Interestingly, an association between AAS intake and serum klotho was seen. The usefulness of klotho as an androgen biomarker warrants further studies, whereas klotho can be discarded as a promising biomarker for GH doping.

The purpose of this paper is to establish a green supply chain differential game model for green technology research and development based on a secondary green supply chain composed of a single manufacturer and a single retailer. It compares the differential game equilibrium solutions under centralized and decentralized decision-making. The green supply chain members are coordinated through the dynamic wholesale price mechanism, and numerical simulation is used as a methodology, to verify and explain the results. The study found that compared to decentralized decision-making, the level of green technology and the total profit of green channels are higher under centralized decision-making. When the coordination parameters are within a certain range, the dynamic wholesale price mechanism can coordinate the behavior of manufacturers and retailers. The result also discovers that under the dynamic wholesale price mechanism, with the increase of investment cost coefficient, or the increase of price sensitivity or the decrease of consumer's environmental awareness, the green technology level, product green degree, price, retailer's profit, and the total profit of green channel is decreased. In contrast, the wholesale price and manufacturer's profits are increased.

Income tax non-compliance is worldwide delinquent and with the small volume of income tax collection Bangladesh has been facing its demerits for a long time. There is still a gap to measure income tax non-compliance behaviour in a micro direct approach. This study uses EVSCALE instrument to calculate the individual income tax non-compliance as a latent variable. The instrument consists of 15 items in Likert scale to measure the non-compliance behaviour of a person. The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of income tax non-compliance and key factors of EVSCALE in Bangladesh. The study collected opinions of taxpayers by primary data collection following a convenient sampling method. Logit regression analysis finds out that log monthly income, tax morale, tax education and occupation significantly influence income tax non-compliance. Exploratory factor analysis identifies six key factors that have consistency and shared variance. However, Cronbach’s alpha shows that five key factors have high reliability among six factors. According to rules of thumb, this study suggests that EVSCALE instrument needs modification by adding more items. This study argues that increasing participation in taxation system is a feasible policy for government instead of increasing tax rate.

Objective Prevention of mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) through control of hypertension is a public health priority in Bangladesh. Our objective was to assess sex differences in prevalence and determinants of hypertension among adults in one rural area of Bangladesh.Study design Cross-sectional.Setting and participants From January 2014 to December 2015, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 2600 men and women aged ≥18 years located in one rural district of Bangladesh. We collected data on demographics, behavioural factors, physical measurements and health history.Primary outcome measures Our primary outcome was hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg).Results The average age of participants was 41.6 years and 53.7% were women. Hypertension prevalence was 6.9% (95% CI 5.9 to 7.9), and was significantly higher among women (8.9%) than men (4.5%). The highest prevalence of hypertension was observed among women aged ≥60 years at 21.3% (95% CI 16.6 to 26.7). A higher proportion of men with hypertension were aware of their condition (72.2%) compared with women (52.4%). Determinants of hypertension included older age, higher education, current tobacco use, increasing body mass index, and hyperglycaemia.Conclusion Our research suggests that hypertension prevalence is higher among women than men in rural Bangladesh. Sex-specific interventions should be developed to inform adults of the necessary lifestyle changes that may reduce the risk of hypertension and subsequent CVDs.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of social support on job-related behaviors, noting the mediating roles of job stress. Specifically, the study tests the prediction regarding the extent to which these different types of locus of control moderate the relationship between social support and job stress as well. The current study used self-report questionnaires from a sample of employees in the Vietnamese banking industry to test the hypothesis. Results from the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using the SmartPLS 3.0 program showed that social support positively impacted job-related behaviors (e.g., job satisfaction, job performance); these relationships were mediated partially through job stress. Besides, this research revealed that individuals with a higher internal locus of control were more likely to have lower levels of job stress and it also moderated the relationship between social support and job stress. This negative association was weaker for bankers who have a higher external locus of control. The main findings of this research demonstrated that social support and locus of control play an important role in the overall effectiveness of employees. It implied that it is crucial for organizations to set up a good work atmosphere that supports psychological well-being and have suitable policies to strengthen social support among supervisors and employees in an organization to reduce job stress and improve job-related behaviors.

The closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management has become an important development strategy for many large enterprises, which reduces environmental pollution. This study is about the operation and coordination of third-party recycling CLSC considering the manufacturer’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) behavior awareness and the retailer’s profit donation as CSR investment. Based on the observations in industry, it is assumed that the CSR behavior of the manufacturer is to take consumer surplus as maximizing social welfare. At the same time, the retailer performs the CSR investment behavior to social welfare organizations. The CSR investment of retailers brings reputation and affects the market demand for new products. The results show that the CSR behavior awareness of manufacturers and the CSR investment of retailers have a mutual incentive effect and is conducive to expanding the market demand for new products and improving the recycling rate of waste products. The study constructs a third-party recycling closed-loop supply chain operation and coordination model. It analyzes both manufacturer’s CSR awareness and retailer CSR investment to the closed-loop supply chain members. The findings are that both of them have a mutually stimulating effect, expanding the market demand for new products, increasing the recycling rate of waste and bringing higher social welfare.

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticultural farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during September 2006 to April 2007 to investigate growth and yield of sweet pepper as influenced by spacing. There were three levels of spacing viz. 50×50 cm, 50×40 cm, 50×30 cm. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were recorded on various parameters and subjected to statistical analysis. The plant spacing had significant variation in almost all the growth and yield components except pericarp thickness. Number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, stem girth, number of fruits per plant, days to first harvest, fruit length, individual fruit weight, yield per plant were found to be significantly increased with the increasing of plant spacing but plant height at different stages, number of fruits per plot, days to 50% flowering, fruit breadth, yield per plot and yield per hectare were found to be significantly increased with the decreasing plant spacing. Considering the yield of fruits per hectare, cost of production and net return, 50×30cm spacing appeared to be recommendable for the cultivation of sweet pepper.