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The aim of the current study was to develop membrane-based transdermal patches of lornoxicam gel using oleic acid (OA)and propylene glycol (PG) as penetration enhancers to improve drug delivery across the skin and to evaluate in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. For this purpose, nine formulations were developed in accordance with 32 factorial design using Design Expert® 11. The concentration of propylene glycol (X1) and oleic acid (X2) were selected as independent variable whereas Q10 (Y1), flux (Y2) and lag time (Y3) were considered as the response variables. The impact of drug loading, surface area, gel concentration, membrane variation and agitation speed on drug release and permeation was also studied. The skin sensitivity reaction, analgesic activity and anti-inflammatory action of the optimized patch were also determined in Albino Wistar rats. Stability studies were performed for three months at three different temperature conditions. The result suggests that a membrane-based system with controlled zero-order drug release of 95.8 ± 1.121% for 10 h exhibiting flux of 126.51±1.19 μg/cm2/h and lag time of 0.908 ±0.57h was optimized with the desired analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect can be obtained by using propylene glycol and oleic acid co-solvents as a penetration enhancer. The patch was also found stable at 4˚C for a period of 6.44 months. Formulation F9 comprising of 10% PG and 3% OA was selected as an optimized formulation. The study demonstrates that the fabricated transdermal system of lornoxicam can deliver the drug through the skin in a controlled manner with desired analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity and can be considered as a suitable alternative of the oral route., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ibuprofen is widely used as a prescription and non-prescription medicine. The aim of study is to prepare Ibuprofen tablets (200mg) using direct compression technique which is now days considered a cost effective and simple method of manufacturing. It is considered as an appropriate method for hygroscopic and thermolabile substances. In order to obtain the best, optimized product, nine different formulations were developed. Diluent (X1), disintegrant (X2) and lubricant (X3) were taken as independent variables. Weight variation (Y1), thickness (Y2), length and width (Y3), hardness (Y4), friability (Y5), disintegration (Y6), dissolution (Y7) and pharmaceutical assay (Y8) were studied as response variables. The results of all nine formulations were found within the acceptable limits conforming to those given in official compendia. However, F-6 was selected as an optimized product on the basis of high dissolution (99.05%) and Assay (100.04%). The variation of weight among the tablets of F-6 was least which showed best ratio of excipients in the formulation. Optimization has proven as an effective tool in product development. This is because no clear relationship exists between the variables.