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We report on the fabrication of a novel design of GaAs/(In,Ga)As/GaAs radial nanowire heterostructures on a Si 111 substrate, where, for the first time, the growth of inhomogeneous shells on a lattice mismatched core results in straight nanowires instead of bent. Nanowire bending caused by axial tensile strain induced by the (In,Ga)As shell on the GaAs core is reversed by axial compressive strain caused by the GaAs outer shell on the (In,Ga)As shell. Progressive nanowire bending and reverse bending in addition to the axial strain evolution during the two processes are accessed by in situ by x-ray diffraction. The diameter of the core, thicknesses of the shells, as well as the indium concentration and distribution within the (In,Ga)As quantum well are revealed by 2D energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy using a transmission electron microscope. Shell(s) growth on one side of the core without substrate rotation results in planar-like radial heterostructures in the form of free standing straight nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic hematological disorder associated with severe complications, such as vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome (ACS), and an increased risk of thromboembolic events, including pulmonary embolism (PE). The diagnosis of PE in SCD patients presents challenges due to the overlapping symptoms with other pulmonary conditions. Our previous study revealed that nearly 96% of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans in SCD patients were negative for PE, highlighting a gap in understanding the significance of CTPA findings when PE is absent. Methods: In this retrospective follow-up study conducted at the Salmaniya Medical Complex in Bahrain, we examined SCD patients with HbSS genotypes who underwent CTPA from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, for suspected PE, but the results were negative. The aim of this study was to identify alternative diagnoses and incidental findings from CTPA scans. Experienced radiologists reviewed the CTPA images and reports to assess potential alternative diagnoses and incidental findings, incorporating an additional analysis of chest X-rays to evaluate the diagnostic value of CTPA. Incidental findings were classified based on their location and clinical significance. Results: Among the 230 evaluated SCD patients (average age 39.7 years; 53% male) who were CTPA negative for PE, 142 (61.7%) had identifiable alternative diagnoses, primarily pneumonia (49.1%). Notably, 88.0% of these alternative diagnoses had been previously suggested by chest radiographs. Furthermore, incidental findings were noted in 164 (71.3%) patients, with 11.0% deemed clinically significant, necessitating immediate action, and 87.8% considered potentially significant, requiring further assessment. Notable incidental findings included thoracic abnormalities such as cardiomegaly (12.2%) and an enlarged pulmonary artery (11.3%), as well as upper abdominal pathologies such as hepatomegaly (19.6%), splenomegaly (20.9%), and gallstones (10.4%). Conclusion: This study underscores the limited additional diagnostic yield of CTPA for identifying alternative diagnoses to PE in SCD patients, with the majority of diagnoses, such as pneumonia, already suggested by chest radiographs. The frequent incidental findings, most of which necessitate further evaluation, highlight the need for a cautious and tailored approach to using CTPA in the SCD population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines stress biomarkers over the process of teaching and their associations with demographics, emotions, and mental health of 56 English as Foreign Language teachers. Participating teachers were invited to complete a questionnaire packet and provide saliva samples over three‐time points (i.e., before, during, and end of teaching). Afterward, the saliva samples were assayed for cortisol and α‐amylase as stress biomarkers. The results showed a significant change in the concentrations of cortisol and α‐amylase over the teaching process. In addition, being female, younger, more educated, and having more teaching experience were significantly associated with a higher level of α‐amylase, particularly before and during class time, thereby reflecting a greater level of stress. However, emotions and general mental health were not significantly associated with cortisol and α‐amylase over time. The findings highlighted the changes of biomarkers over the process of teaching and their relationships with other variables. Practitioner points: Female and younger teachers may experience high level of α‐amylase before and during class time.High level of α‐amylase may exist among teachers with long teaching experience.Emotions and general mental health are not significant predictors of teachers' stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gypsum soil is highly vulnerable to moisture and water, which can cause disastrous and severe damage. Hence, the effect of adding cement and hydrated lime on the collapse and mechanical properties of the components was examined upon being exposed to water. Cement and hydrated lime are widely used to improve the geotechnical properties of problematic soils due to their cheap price and local availability. The gypsum soil samples were mixed with cement and hydrated lime in proportions of 4%, 8%, and 12%, proportional to the dry weight of the soil. The resulting mixtures were cured for 7 days and tested to evaluate their collapse behavior and shear strength parameters properties. The results showed that the addition process enhanced soil properties, reduced collapse, increased cohesion, and increased internal friction angle. The collapse of the gypsum soil decreased by 55.91%, 83.3%, and 92% for soil treated by cement, while it decreased by 47.1%, 76.82%, and 90% for soil treated with lime when the soil treated by 4%, 8% and 12% of additive, respectively. The direct shear tests showed a significant increase in the cohesion of gypsum soil after adding cement. The cohesion of the soil increased by 33.5%, 90%, and 86.5%, for soil treated by cement, while it decreased by 28%, 59%, and 65% for soil treated by lime when the soil treated by 4%, 8% and 12% of additive, respectively. The angle of internal friction rose 2.1%, 8.4%, and 18.7% for soil treated with cement and 1%, 6%, and 5.2% for soil treated with lime when the soil was treated with additive concentrations of 4%, 8%, and 12%, respectively. The ideal proportion of additions ranged from 8% to 12%, and the inclusion of cement proved to be more efficient than lime in enhancing the engineering characteristics of the gypsum soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rare disease. Background: Small bowel hematoma is a rare yet clinically significant condition characterized by the accumulation of blood within the mucosa and submucosa layers of the small intestine wall. It can lead to complications such as bowel obstruction, ischemia, perforation, and even hemorrhagic shock. The etiology of intramural small bowel hematoma is diverse, encompassing factors such as anticoagulant therapy, coagulopathies, vascular disorders, trauma, and underlying systemic conditions. Case Report: We present the case of a 67-year-old man with a history of aortic valve replacement who presented with intense abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed generalized abdominal tenderness and black stools upon rectal examination. Laboratory tests indicated coagulopathy with a prolonged thrombin time. A computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of an intramural small bowel hematoma and hemoperitoneum. The patient's condition significantly improved within 48 h under conservative management, including nasogastric tube insertion, continuous monitoring of gastric aspirate, nil per os status, intravenous fluids, and analgesics. Warfarin was temporarily stopped, and fresh frozen plasma was administered for anticoagulation reversal. Heparin infusion was initiated once the INR became within the therapeutic level. Conclusions: The occurrence of spontaneous intramural small bowel hematoma, although rare, demands rapid diagnosis and prompt, well-coordinated management. This case underscores the pivotal role of multidisciplinary collaboration in providing a comprehensive assessment and a tailored approach to treatment. While conservative measures, including careful monitoring and supportive care, have demonstrated favorable outcomes, the consideration of surgical intervention remains crucial, particularly in severe cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply disruptions, uncertainty, and unprecedented price rises of fossil fuels due to the recent pandemic and war have highlighted the importance of using renewable sources to meet energy demands. Solar air collectors (SACs) are major types of solar energy systems that can be utilized for space and water heating, drying, and thermal energy storage. Although there is sufficient documentation on the thermal analyses of SACs, no comprehensive reviews of the exergetic performance or qualitative insight on heat conversion are available. The primary objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on the optimum conditions at which the thermal performance of diverse types of solar air collectors is optimized. The effect of operating parameters such as temperature rise, flow rate, geometric parameters, solar radiation, and the Reynolds number on the thermal performance of SACs in terms of thermal hydraulic performance, energy, and exergy efficiencies has been reviewed adaptively. Beyond the operating parameters, a deep investigation is outlined to monitor fluid dynamics using analytical and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) methodologies in the technology of SACs. In the third phase, thermodynamic irreversibility due to optical losses, thermal losses between absorber and environment, heat losses due to insulation, edge losses, and entropy generation are reported and discussed, which serve as the fundamental tools for optimization purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimal power flow is a complex and highly non-linear problem in which steady-state parameters are needed to find a network’s efficient and economical operation. In addition, the difficulty of the Optimal power flow problem becomes enlarged when new constraints are added, and it is also a challenging task for the power system operator to solve the constrained Optimal power flow problems efficiently. Therefore, this paper presents a constrained composite differential evolution optimization algorithm to search for the optimum solution to Optimal power flow problems. In the last few decades, numerous evolutionary algorithm implementations have emerged due to their superiority in solving Optimal power flow problems while considering various objectives such as cost, emission, power loss, etc. evolutionary algorithms effectively explore the solution space unconstrainedly, often employing the static penalty function approach to address the constraints and find solutions for constrained Optimal power flow problems. It is a drawback that combining evolutionary algorithms and the penalty function approach requires several penalty parameters to search the feasible space and discard the infeasible solutions. The proposed a constrained composite differential evolution algorithm combines two effective constraint handling techniques, such as feasibility rule and ɛ constraint methods, to search in the feasible space. The proposed approaches are recognized on IEEE 30, 57, and 118-bus standard test systems considering 16 study events of single and multi-objective optimization functions. Ultimately, simulation results are examined and compared with the many recently published techniques of Optimal power flow solutions owing to show the usefulness and performance of the proposed a constrained composite differential evolution algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research highlights the physical significance of nanoparticle in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stagnation point flow (SPF) over a stretchable surface with porosity effect and boundary slip phenomenon. The nanoliquid and its advanced thermal activity are shown extra auspicious results when the flow is considered over a permeable (porous) medium. In addition, the nanoparticles of radius size play an important role in the thermal performance of nanofluid. In this work, copper is accounted as a nanoparticle and water as a base fluid. Nanomanufacturing, surface engineering, coatings, nanofabrication and tribology are some of the important and special mechanical characteristics of nanoparticles [D. Guo, G. Xie and J. Luo, J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys.  47, 013001 (2014)]. The flow is electrically conducted in the presence of applied magnetic field. Mixed convection, Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects are accounted in the mathematical modeling. Appropriate similarity variables are used to convert the couple governing system of PDEs into ordinary ones and results are computed through bvp4c via shooting concept. From the obtained results, it is divulged that the velocity field increases against higher estimations of unsteady parameter, while it declines versus larger magnetic parameter and radius of nanoparticles. The engineering interest like skin friction and Nusselt number is mathematically calculated and results are computed in a tabular form, and their obtained outcomes show that the magnitude of skin friction rises against unsteadiness parameter and radius of nanoparticles. This study is an extended work of [Verma et al.Chem. Eng. J. Adv.12, 100366 (2022)] with some extra flow assumptions like MHD, SPF, Joule heating, heat generation/absorption and viscous dissipation. Obtained results are compared with [Grubka and Bobba J. Heat Transf.  107, 248 (1985)], Verma et al. [Chem. Eng. J. Adv.  12, 100366 (2022)] and [Elbashbeshy and Emam Therm. Sci.15,  477 (2011)] found 100% accuracy with them. The most important result of the conducted study is that the skin friction coefficient immensely augments subject to larger estimations of radius of nanoparticles when permeability of porosity is less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare organizations with practitioners who exhibit proactive work behavior and career adaptability acquire a competitive advantage in the face of many adversities. Entrepreneurial leadership (EL) is a new leadership approach that has a huge impact on followers' behavior, although research into its theory and empirical evidence is still in its infancy. Methods: A non-probability convenience sample methodology (n = 450) was utilized to choose study participants, who were equally dispersed among the two private hospitals in Alexandria. A cross-sectional study was carried out in all departments of the hospitals, which were chosen at random using a simple random procedure. Three validated scales were used in this study to measure the study variables and establish a structural equation model. Results: The result of this study revealed that nurses perceived moderate mean scores of all variables; entrepreneurial leadership (140.84 ± 11.94), proactive work behavior (46.02 ± 5.85), and career adaptability (85.55 ± 10.35). In addition, the structured equation model revealed a goodness fit index and presents that entrepreneurial leadership significantly affects nurses' proactive work behavior with an estimated β of 0.555, coefficient of regression C.R. of 4.006, at P value < 0.001. Also, it significantly affects career adaptability with an estimated β of.834, a coefficient of regression C.R. of 3.491 at P value < 0.001. Conclusions: The developed structural equation model confirmed the significant impact of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) on nurses' proactive work behavior (PWB) and career adaptability (CA)". Therefore, this study offers important implications for nurse managers, staff nurses, hospital human resources management practice, and academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient, reliable, and resilient supply of electricity has become essential for social and economic well‐being of the modern society. However, more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has exposed inequity in the planning and operation practices of power distribution systems, evidenced in higher vulnerability and longer power interruptions for some parts of the grid as compared to others. This paper proposes an equity‐aware power distribution system restoration model in an effort to ensure a more equitable yet resilient power distribution operation after outages. To this end, the proposed equity‐aware distribution system restoration model balances the efficiency of the restoration operation and the equitable allocation of distributed energy resources among affected customers after an outage, while prioritizing the critical infrastructure (e.g. hospitals). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework to ensure a more equitable restoration process as measured by the proposed fairness and restoration performance indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiments were conducted at Agricultural Engineering Department Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Al-Azhar University, Assiut Governorate during 29th of July to 15th of November 2022, in order to develop and manufacture a small unit for producing high quality black honey depends on heating and vacuum system. Also, to determine the optimum treatment forsafe method taken into consideration the environmental impact and evaluate changes in black honeyquality during cooking. This unit consisting of pan vessel, heater, compressor, condenser, rectifier, vessel receiver oil and smart control system. The experimental treatments for black honey cooking unit were tested on three heating temperatures different at 200, 350 and 500 ℃ and four vacuum levels at 150, 300, 450 and 600 mbar and atmospheric pressure. The results shows a decreasing of cooking time at vacuum pressure less than from atmospheric pressure. At vacuum pressure samples, cooking time ranged from 30 to 172 minutes. The highest cooking time was (177, 77and 40 minutes) recorded with atmospheric pressure at different heating temperatures (200, 350 and 500℃), respectively. The lowest cooking time was (155, 64and 30 minutes) recorded with vacuum pressure (-600 mbar) with different heating temperature (200, 350 and 500℃), respectively. The data shows an increasing of evaporation rate of water from sugar cane juice at vacuum pressure more than from atmospheric pressure. At vacuum pressure samples, evaporation rate ranged from 4.53to 26 gH2O/min. The lowest evaporation rate was (4.41, 10.13 and 19.50 gH2O/min) recorded with atmospheric pressure at different heating temperatures (200, 350 and 500℃), respectively. The highest evaporation rate was (5.03, 12.19 and 26 gH2O/min) recorded with vacuum pressure (-600 mbar) with different heating temperature (200, 350 and 500℃), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher psychological resilience is correlated with less severe post-concussion symptoms (PCS) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children, but the directional nature of this relationship remains uncertain. Although traditionally regarded as a stable, trait-like construct, resilience may be malleable and potentially influenced by mTBI and post-concussive symptoms. The current study sought to examine the stability of resilience, elucidate the dynamic nature of the resilience-PCS relation, and determine whether resilience-symptom associations are specific to mTBI or applicable to traumatic injury in general. Participants were children aged 8–16.99 years with either mTBI (n = 633) or orthopedic injury (OI; n = 334) recruited to participate in a prospective cohort study after presenting acutely to five Canadian pediatric emergency departments (EDs). Symptoms and psychological resilience were assessed at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months post-injury. Group differences in resilience over time were examined using a mixed linear model, and associations between resilience and symptoms over time were examined using random intercepts cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM). The mTBI group reported significantly lower resilience than the OI group, but the difference was significantly larger 1 week post-injury (d = 0.50) than at 3 months (d = 0.08) and 6 months (d = 0.10). Cross-lagged panel models indicated that resilience had both stable and dynamic aspects, and both affected and was affected by PCS, although their association varied by time post-injury, symptom measure, and reporter (parent vs. child). Higher parent-reported cognitive symptom severity at 1 week was significantly associated with higher resilience at 3 months (β = 0.23, p = 0.001). Higher resilience at 3 months was associated with lower levels of parent-reported somatic symptom severity (β = −0.14, p = 0.004) and fewer total symptoms (β = −0.135, p = 0.029) at 6 months. Higher resilience at 3 months was associated with fewer child-reported symptoms at 6 months (β = −0.11, p = 0.030) and, reciprocally, fewer child-reported symptoms at 3 months were associated with higher resilience at 6 months (β = −0.22, p = 0.001). Notably, injury group was not a significant moderator in cross-lagged models, suggesting that resilience-symptom associations are not specific to mTBI. Psychological resilience and symptoms have bidirectional relationships after injury. Interventions designed to foster resilience have the potential to promote recovery after mTBI specifically and injury more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new variant of a metaheuristic algorithm based on the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), the Q-learning algorithm and the Exponential Monte Carlo Acceptance Probability called (QWOA-EMC). Unlike WOA, QWOA-EMC permits just-in-time adaptive selection of its operators (i.e., between shrinking mechanism, spiral shape mechanism, and random generation) based on their historical performances as well as exploits the Monte Carlo Acceptance probability to further strengthen its exploration capabilities by allowing a poor performing operator to be reselected with probability in the early part of the iteration. Experimental results for constraints combinatorial test generation demonstrate that the proposed QWOA-EMC outperforms WOA and performs competitively against other metaheuristic algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study an extended model is proposed based on government subsidies to support the development of new energy power plants. Accordingly, the profit of this production unit is increased with the reduction of CO2 emissions. In addition, the results show that the plan to sell carbon dioxide emissions threshold helps in financial subsidies saving. Also, the increase in factors such as energy production capacity, electricity market price, CO2 emission threshold price and fluctuations in investment costs can lessen the amount of dedicated subsidies by the government. Also, the increase in parameters such as investment costs and fluctuations in electricity prices, and the price of CO2 emission thresholds leads to the dedication of more encouragement subsides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe and infectious respiratory condition caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This case-control study aimed to evaluate serum levels of various immunological markers in patients with COVID-19 compared to those with bacterial pneumonia and a healthy control group. Serum samples were collected from adult participants across various COVID-19 isolation centers, including Kassala State and Ahmed Gasim Hospital, between April and June 2021. The study included 70 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 30 with bacterial pneumonia, and 50 healthy controls. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), complement components C3 and C4, and cytokines IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured using standard reagent kits. Serum level of CRP was significantly elevated in both bacterial pneumonia and COVID-19 but significantly higher among patients with bacterial pneumonia. C3 and C4 were also increased in both patient groups, with C3 significantly higher in bacterial pneumonia. IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were significantly increased in bacterial pneumonia and SARS-Cov-2 compared to healthy controls. However, IFN-γ was significantly increased among patients with COVID-19 than patients with bacterial pneumonia. This study highlights the potential significant impact of COVID-19 on the immunological biomarkers investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyometra is a life-threatening uterine infection, accompanied by accumulation of intrauterine purulent exudate. The objective of this study was to show the recent laboratory and histopathological finding of pyometra in dogs with their correlation to their ages, and postoperative outcome. In this study, eleven cases of pyometra out of 115 female dogs of different ages and breeds were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital/College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Sulaimani from 2017 to 2021 for the purpose of ovariohysterectomy (OHE). They were diagnosed according to history, clinical signs, physical examination and the trans-abdominal ultrasound inspections. The uterine content and biopsy were collected during OHE for bacteriological and histopathological study respectively. The pyometra-uteri were plated on blood agars for 24 hours. The growing bacterial colonies were inoculated on Mannitol Salt, MacConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, and their strains were determined using the VITEK 2 system. In the results, a significant difference was found between the cases of pyometra and the normal bitches, the average age of the pyometra-dogs was 265 months old (±176.56 STD), while the average age of non-pyometra bitches was 23 months old (± 15.64 STD). Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus cohnni were recovered from the infected uterus. Chronic suppurative endometritis or metritis were identified, which associated with purulent and mucopurulent inflammatory exudates in the uterine lumen, focal epithelial sloughing, endometrial hyperplasia and fibrosis, cystic dilatation of the endometrial gland and infiltration of the endometrial stroma by mixed inflammatory reaction consisting of mononuclear and neutrophilic polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells. It was concluded that pyometra was an agerelated infection and the periodic reproductive examination should be carried out for prompt surgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a 2D closely packed bicobalt complex supported by DFNS was first provided. The XPS and EDX pictures of the DFNS/(bicobalt complex) catalysts affirmed that bicobalt complex was well spread on the outer layer of DFNS. The CO2/propylene oxide coupling reactions, employing DFNS/(bicobalt complex) as catalysts were announced. In addition, the catalyst anatomical heterogeneity of DFNS/(bicobalt complex) was characterized by various techniques, including EDX, SEM, TGA, TEM, XPS, and FT-IR. No leaching of cobalt into the solution was observed. The catalytic power of our catalyst was compared with literature reported catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate. lower temperature, the minimum amount of catalyst, lower pressure of carbon dioxide and shorter reaction time were required for CO2 transformation, using DFNS/(bicobalt complex) NPs. Besides, hot filtration presented a throughout understanding of the catalyst's heterogeneous nature. The easy and applied reusability of the catalyst was observed after the completion of the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of study is to explore the self-objectification of women and media exposure. It explores the relationship of media and self-objectification with reference to culture and religion as moderating variables. For this purpose, quantitative survey was chosen as research design and data from four universities of provincial capitals were collected through simple random sampling. It Includes the Punjab University Lahore, Karachi University Sindh, Baluchistan University, Baluchistan and Peshawar University, KPK. The total respondent was 400. Hundred from each university. STATA and SPSS were used to applied the test. Linear regression was run to know the relationship between variables. Our analysis shows a relationship between media exposure and self-objectification of women. More exposure to media objectified images leads to more self-objectification in female students. Association with religion and culture decline the self-objectification tendencies among female students. Our finding suggest that more media literacy can decrease the self-objectification phenomenon and more cultural association can omit the effects of media objectified images on female students of universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the idea of nitro has been introduced to numerical integrals, where we studied neutrosophic numerical integrals by submitting the neutrosophic trapezoidal method and estimation of error of the neutrosophic trapezoidal method, in addition to supporting examples for that and verified using MATLAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nexus between green growth and ecological footprint is associated with crucial environmental implications. But this domain is not examined sufficiently and provides ambiguous findings. Furthermore, these studies have not addressed the role of natural resources, environmental innovation, and ICT in influencing ecological footprint. Our study analyzes the impact of green growth, ICT, environmental innovation, and natural resources on the ecological footprint ofemerging-7 and developed-7 economies. We employed CS-ARDL methodology to draw the long-run and short-run estimates of the said relationships. The obtained findings show that green growth, ICT, and environmental innovation reduce the ecological footprint in emerging economies in the long run. However, natural resources enhance the ecological footprint in emerging economies in the long run. Green growth, ICT, natural resources, and environmental innovation reduce the ecological footprint in the long run in developed economies. Based on these outcomes, the study recommends important policy suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) is a method used to ferment feed under anaerobic conditions in a tightly sealed container, with the potential to enhance nutrient utilization and extend the shelf life of feed. We found that the loss of aerobic stability may be associated with the dominant yeast species found in FTMR; however, there is no discernible relationship between yeast counts and the loss of aerobic stability. However, the replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) in total mixed rations (TMRs) by fermented TMR has an effect on the degradation of anti-nutritional factors. In order to explore the effects of fermentation and aerobic exposure to FTMR on nutrients and anti-nutritional factors, this study aimed to ascertain the impact of B. clausii and S. cariocanus inoculations on TMR fermentation quality, aerobic stability, anti-nutritional factors, and in situ rumen-degradation characteristics' variables. We found that TMRs fermented with inoculations of B. clausii and S. cariocanus improved the fermentation quality and nutrient composition, decreased the anti-nutritional factor content, and, thus, achieved detoxification. Meanwhile, the effective disappearance of nutrients in the rumen was increased. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate changes in fermentation quality, chemical composition, aerobic stability, anti-nutritional factors, and in situ disappearance characteristics of various protein-based total mixed rations. Soybean meal (control, non-fermented), fermented cottonseed meal (F-CSM), and fermented rapeseed meal (F-RSM) group were used to prepare the TMRs with corn, whole-plant corn silage, corn stalks, wheat bran, and premix. The test groups were inoculated at 50% moisture with Bacillus clausii and Saccharomyces cariocanus and stored aerobically for 60 h. The nylon-bag method was used to measure and study the rumen's nutrient degradation. The pH of all TMRs after 48 h of air exposure was below 4.8, whereas that of the F-CSM and control and F-RSM groups increased to 5.0 and >7.0, respectively. After 8 h of aerobic exposure, the temperatures of all groups significantly increased, and 56 h later, they were 2 °C higher than the surrounding air. The lactic acid concentration in the F-CSM and F-RSM groups increased after 12 h of aerobic exposure and then decreased. The acetic acid concentrations in the fermented groups decreased significantly with the increasing air-exposure time. The yeast population of the TMRs increased to more than 8.0 log10 CFU/g before 72 h of air exposure, followed by a decrease in the population (5.0 log10 CFU/g). After fermentation, the free gossypol (FG) concentration in F-CSM decreased by half and did not change significantly during the air-exposure period. Fermentation with probiotics also reduced the F-RSM's glucosinolate concentration, resulting in a more than 50% detoxification rate. Compared with the F-CSM and F-RSM groups, the effective degradation rates of nutrients in the control group were the lowest, and the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), natural detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) all degraded effectively at rates of 28.4%, 34.5%, 27.8%, and 22.8%, respectively. Fermentation with B. clausii and S. cariocanus could improve the fermentation quality and nutrient composition, decrease the anti-nutritional factor, and increase nutrient degradation of the TMR with cottonseed meal or rapeseed meal as the main protein source, thus achieving detoxification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Celiac serology can be transiently elevated in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and normalized despite gluten consumption. This study aimed to identify the frequency and predictive factors of spontaneous normalization of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG-IgA) antibodies in these patients. Methods: The charts of all patients (≤18 years) with T1DM were retrospectively reviewed from 2012 to 2021 at a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The following data were collected: clinical characteristics of the participants, anti-TTG-IgA-immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibody, and histological findings. The outcome of positive anti-TTG-IgA-IgA in patients with T1DM and the predictive factors for spontaneous normalization were investigated. Results: Of the 1,006 patients with T1DM, 138 (13.7%) had elevated anti-TTG-IgA antibodies, celiac disease was diagnosed in 58/138 (42%) patients, spontaneous normalization of anti-TTG-IgA was observed in 65 (47.1%) patients, and fluctuating anti-TTG-IgA antibodies were seen in 15 (10.9%) patients. The patients with anti-TTG-IgA levels at 3–10 times the upper normal limits (UNL), and those with levels ≥10 times UNL were less likely to have spontaneous normalization of anti-TTG-IgA compared to patients with levels at 1–3 times UNL (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 0.13–0.61, P = 0.001, and HR = 0.03, 95% Cl = 0.00–0.19, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Asymptomatic patients with T1DM with mild elevation of anti-TTG-IgA need not be rushed for invasive endoscopy or exposed to an un-needed gluten-free diet but should rather have a regular follow-up of their celiac serology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the electric vehicle industry, the number of batteries that are retired from vehicles is increasing rapidly, which raises critical environmental and waste issues. Second-life batteries recycled from automobiles have eighty percent of the capacity, which is a potential solution for the electricity grid application. To utilize the second-life batteries efficiently, an accurate estimation of their performance becomes a crucial portion of the optimization of cost-effectiveness. Nonetheless, few works focus on the modeling of the applications of second-life batteries. In this work, a general methodology is presented for the performance modeling and degradation prediction of second-life batteries applied in electric grid systems. The proposed method couples an electrochemical model of the battery performance, a state of health estimation method, and a revenue maximization algorithm for the application in the electric grid. The degradation of the battery is predicted under distinct charging and discharging rates. The results show that the degradation of the batteries can be slowed down, which is achieved by connecting numbers of batteries together in parallel to provide the same amount of required power. Many works aim for optimization of the operation of fresh Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). However, few works focus on the second-life battery applications. In this work, we present a trade-off between the revenue of the second-life battery and the service life while utilizing the battery for distinct operational strategies, i.e., arbitrage and peak shaving against Michigan's DTE electricity utility's Dynamic Peak Pricing (DPP) and Time of Use (TOU) tariffs. Results from case studies show that arbitrage against the TOU tariff in summer is the best choice due to its longer battery service life under the same power requirement. With the number of retired batteries set to increase over the next 10 years, this will give insight to the retired battery owners/procurers on how to increase the profitability, while making a circular economy of EV batteries more sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary bladder masses in children are extremely rare. Certain benign conditions (e.g., ureterocele) can mimic malignant bladder masses. In this report, we present a unique case of a urachal cyst masquerading as a bladder malignancy. Unlike the typical location of urachal cysts along the course of the urachal tract, the cyst in this case was unexpectedly situated within the urinary bladder, leading to diagnostic difficulties. Case presentation: A 2-year-old Bahraini boy presented with hematuria and dysuria for 2 weeks. There was no history of fever, abdominal pain, or vomiting. Physical examination yielded normal findings. Urinalysis showed numerous red blood cells and revealed positive results for nitrites and leukocyte esterase. Abdominal ultrasound showed a well-defined soft tissue lesion with internal vascularity located at the apex of the urinary bladder. Subsequently, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a thick-walled cystic structure arising from the anterosuperior wall of the bladder and protruding into its lumen. The patient underwent complete excision of the bladder lesion for the presumed diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Histopathological examination showed a fluid-filled space lined by stratified squamous epithelium with areas of intestinal metaplasia, revealing an unexpected diagnosis of a urachal cyst. The patient was discharged with complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: Intravesical urachal cysts are a rare type of congenital urachal anomaly that may simulate a bladder malignancy, particularly if associated with infection. This case emphasizes the importance of considering urachal cysts in the differential diagnosis of bladder masses, especially in children, and specifically when the lesion is midline in the anterosuperior wall of the bladder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: According to the revised Task Group number 43 recommendations, a brachytherapy source must be validated against a similar or identical source before its clinical application. The purpose of this investigation is to verify the dosimetric data of the high dose rate (HDR) BEBIG 192Ir source (Ir2.A85-2). Materials and Methods: The HDR 192Ir encapsulated seed was simulated and its main dosimetric data were calculated using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) simulation code. Cubic cells were used for the calculation of dose rate constant and radial dose function while for anisotropy function ring cells were used. DoseActors were simulated and attached to the respective cells to obtain the required data. Results: The dose rate constant was obtained as 1.098 ± 0.003 cGy.h - 1.U - 1, differing by 1.0% from the reference value reported by Granero et al. Similarly, the calculated values for radial dose and anisotropy functions presented good agreement with the results obtained by Granero et al. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the GATE Monte Carlo code is a valid toolkit for benchmarking brachytherapy sources and can be used for brachytherapy simulation-based studies and verification of brachytherapy treatment planning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important indirect economic consequences of dam failure (DF) is decrease the employment of agricultural sector (EOAS) downstream of the dam, its accurate estimation is difficult due to multi-layer effects of (DF). The main purpose of this study is to predict rate of employment by considering qualitative and quantitative impacts of DF by using dummy variable (DV) regression models technique in estimating income functions (IF) and production of crops functions (PFs) in the AS and using the functions in linear programming model (LPM) for optimal allocation of labour. The results of model showed that with 36% decrease in accessible water resource after DF, proportionate with the decreasing trend, the level of labour employment has decreased about 23% in downstream area of the dam. The results of this research have good conformity with former findings such as simulation method for failure embankment which is equal to 25%. So, combination of LPM with DV regression for predicting unemployment rate originated from DF and managing social and economic crisis in line with sustainable development is a realistic and accurate method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment presents a challenge to modern science. The most significant impact this can induce is the emergence of antibiotic resistance, which can lead to a global health emergency. It is important to note that the impact of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is not limited to antibiotic resistance. Pharmaceuticals can also affect the behaviour and reproductive systems of aquatic organisms, with cascading effects on entire ecosystems. Numerous studies have reported the emergence of pharmaceuticals due to the uncontrolled disposal of polluted domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastewater in water bodies. This work discusses the potential of pharmaceuticals that on one hand are highly important for mankind, yet their non-judicious usage and disposal induce equally intriguing and problematic conditions to the health of aquatic systems. Pathways through which pharmaceutics can make their way into water bodies are discussed. Furthermore, the risk imposed by pharmaceuticals on aquatic life is also elaborated. The possible and pragmatic remediation methods through which pharmaceutical products can be treated are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the potential of phytoremediation and advanced oxidative process, and the factors affecting the efficacy of these remediation methods are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As 5G technology advances, so does the prevalence of harmful electromagnetic waves, and as a result, researchers have been progressively interested in developing materials that can absorb microwaves. So, it's become desirable to fabricate unique microwave absorbent materials (MAMs) to mitigate the negative effects of electromagnetic radiation and offer protection to biological beings and electronic data. Herein, we fabricated a novel HoFeO 3 @WSe 2 @SiO 2 composite via the co-precipitation method. The microwave absorption properties of the HoFeO 3 ,WSe 2 , SiO 2 and HoFeO 3 @WSe 2 @SiO 2 (with 25, 35 and 45 wt% loading) were examined in the X-band frequency range. 35 wt% filler loading shows reasonable reflection loss values with the broadest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). The optimum impedance matching is responsible for the enhanced microwave absorption performance of the HoFeO 3 @WSe 2 @SiO 2 with 35 wt% filler loading. In addition, the best sample is measured using both waveguide and free-space techniques and the results have been compared. The free-space method has been demonstrated to be an effective alternative testing strategy due to its contact-free and non-destructive features. Furthermore, the technique described in this study to design innovative HoFeO 3 @WSe 2 @SiO 2 microwave absorbers can offer significant assistance with a wider absorption band. In this context, HoFeO 3 @WSe 2 @SiO 2 is expected to be used as a highly efficient microwave absorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, achieving NiCo 2 S 4 /AgBr composites is a step in the right direction toward developing efficient microwave absorption fillers. The rough-surfaced NiCo 2 S 4 /AgBr coupled micro-sphere offers a significant enhancement in complex permittivity by changing filler loadings, due to the Debye relaxation process and high conductivity. Moreover, as an efficient wave absorber, the optimal sample demonstrates a decent minimum reflection loss (RL mini) value of −17 dB and its qualifying absorption bandwidth (with RL < −10 dB) astonishingly encompasses the entire X-band (4 GHz). Additionally, the free-space technique was used to analyze the best sample, and the outcomes were compared. Touch-free and non-invasive nature of the free-space methodology has shown it to be a potentially viable testing method. So, comprehensive structural and compositional characterization, along with tunable properties and alternative testing method for preparing superior-quality NiCo 2 S 4 /AgBr samples, paves the way for exciting new microwave absorbents. Hence, NiCo 2 S 4 /AgBr is anticipated to be a very effective microwave absorber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulmonary complications are common in sickle cell disease (SCD) and can mimic pulmonary embolisms (PEs), leading to potential overuse of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Maximizing the quality of CTPA is essential for its diagnostic accuracy. However, little is known about the positive rate and quality of CTPA in SCD. Methods: This retrospective case‒control study aimed to determine the positive rate and quality of CTPA studies performed to rule out PE in SCD (HbSS genotype) patients compared to a control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with suboptimal CTPA studies, defined as a mean enhancement of < 210 HU in the pulmonary artery. Results: The study included 480 patients, consisting of 240 SCD patients and 240 controls. The positive rate of PE was 4.0%, with a similar rate in both SCD patients and the control group (4.2% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.08). However, SCD patients had significantly lower contrast enhancement of the pulmonary artery than the control group (266.1 ± 90.5 HU vs. 342.2 ± 116.1 HU, p < 0.01). Notably, 25.4% of SCD patients had suboptimal scans. The logistic regression model demonstrated that SCD was significantly associated with suboptimal pulmonary arterial contrast enhancement compared to the control group (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.4–8.3). Conclusions: This study revealed a relatively low positive rate of CTPA in both SCD patients and the control group. However, SCD was significantly associated with suboptimal image quality due to inadequate contrast enhancement of the pulmonary artery. Further research is needed to identify measures that can enhance the quality of CTPA studies in SCD patients and to establish a specific imaging protocol for this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced high-performance microwave absorber development now revolves around achieving better microwave absorption performance and intelligent electromagnetic property control. Effectively adjusting electromagnetic microwave dissipation qualities throughout a wide frequency range has been mostly unexplored, particularly for manufactured absorbers. Innovative and high-performance absorber materials are produced and analyzed in this study. Solvothermal preparation is used to synthesize polygonal-shaped CuCo 2 S 4 particles that are embellished with Cu 2 S particles. The permittivity and permeability of polygonal CuCo 2 S 4 particles decorated with Cu 2 S particles are significantly altered, which further affects the nanocomposite's performance in terms of microwave absorption. At a filler loading of 40 wt percent, the composite exhibits exceptional microwave absorption capabilities, and at a thin thickness of 1.5 mm, its effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) approaches 4.5 GHz, covering the whole X-band frequency range. The produced composite has outstanding dissipation qualities owing to the synergistic effects of numerous attenuation mechanisms and hetero-interfaces, where the ideal microwave dissipation strength is up to −32 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This review article explores recent advancements in converting cheese whey (CW) into high‐value‐added products, focusing on producing biofuels, bioelectricity and different whey‐based food items, as well as other potential uses. Additionally, new integrated reutilising strategies are proposed to utilise CW to develop innovative products with various applications, mainly focusing on sustainable alternatives at the industrial level. CW could be utilised with the help of different processes, for example separation of main protein components from cheese whey, like separation and purification of α‐lactalbumin, production of polysaccharides (lactose and lactulose), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), other organic acids and bioethanol. Besides these products, CW could also be utilised in the fermentation process, in the production of alcoholic drinks (whey sprite and white whisky), in the production of whey protein concentrate and as poultry feed. Biotechnological approaches for whey utilisation are the most recent alternatives. They can produce important products for the industries, such as whey‐based products, bioplastics, biofuels, bioelectricity, organic acids, bioactive compounds and whey‐based food items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most of the foot and ankle soft tissue tumors are benign. Although lipomas are the most common soft tissue tumors, intra-articular lipomas are an extremely rare entity. The majority of described cases of intra-articular lipomas occur in the knee joint. In particular, an intra-articular true lipoma of the ankle has not been reported. Case presentation: We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with a progressively growing ankle mass over 5 years, which started to restrict the range of motion. It was not preceded by any trauma or sports activity. On examination, a non-tender firm mass was evident on the lateral aspect of the right ankle joint with no signs of inflammation. It was non-compressible, non-mobile, and did not transilluminate. The clinical diagnosis was probable for a soft tissue ganglion. A radiograph revealed a soft tissue opacity over the anterolateral aspect of the tibiotalar joint. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a well-defined, multilobulated, encapsulated lesion located at the lateral aspect of the tibiotalar joint; with intra- and extra-articular components and an analogous signal intensity to fat. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor, and the histopathological examination showed mature adipose tissue representing an intra-articular lipoma. At the follow-up visit, the patient had complete resolution of symptoms and no active complaints. Conclusion: An intra-articular true lipoma of the ankle is an extremely rare tumor. MRI is an invaluable diagnostic tool to make a reliable diagnosis of intra-articular masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present times modern electronic devices often come across thermal difficulties as an outcome of excessive heat production or reduction in surface area for heat exclusion. The current study is aimed to inspect the role of iron (III) oxide in heat transfer enhancement over the rotating disk in an axisymmetric flow. Water is utilized as base fluid conveying nano-particle over the revolving axisymmetric flow mechanism. Additionally, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is taken into consideration to design and compute the present problem. For our convenience, two-dimensional axisymmetric flow configurations are considered to illustrate the different flow profiles. For radial, axial, and tangential velocity profiles, the magnitude of the velocity, streamlines, and surface graphs are evaluated with the similarity solution in the computational fluid dynamics module. The solution of dimensionless equations and the outcomes of direct simulations in the CFD module show a comparable solution of the velocity profile. It is observed that with an increment in nanoparticle volumetric concentration the radial velocity decline where a tangential motion of flow enhances. Streamlines stretch around the circular surface with the passage of time. The high magnetization force 0 ≤ m 1 ≤ 6 resist the free motion of the nanofluid around the rotating disk. Such research has never been done, to the best of the researchers' knowledge. The outcomes of this numerical analysis could be used for the design, control, and optimization of numerous thermal engineering systems, as described above, due to the intricate physics of nanofluid under the influences of magnetic field and the inclusion of complex geometry. Ferrofluids are metallic nanoparticle colloidal solutions. These kinds of fluids do not exist in nature. Depending on their purpose, ferrofluids are produced using a variety of processes. One of the most essential characteristics of ferrofluids is that they operate in a zero-gravity environment. Ferrofluids have a wide range of uses in engineering and medicine. Ferrofluids have several uses, including heat control loudspeakers and frictionless sealing. In the sphere of medicine, however, ferrofluid is employed in the treatment of cancer via magneto hyperthermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature dependent thermophysical fluid properties have numerous aspects in different industries and engineering processes in which heat transmission is based on fluid flow. For such heat transmission processes, heat transmission system is highly fluctuated with variation of viscosity. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the transfer of heat in magnetized Carreau fluid with chemical reaction and under influence of thermal radiation over nonlinear stretching/shrinking surface. Additionally, we have incorporated variable heat dependent thermophysical properties to analyze the heat transfer in magnetized Carreau fluid. Set of flow governing non linear PDE's are obtained using Carreau fluid tensor and boundary layer approximation (BLA) theory. Dimensionless set of ODE's are obtained using suitable similarity transforms. Shooting method in conjunction with Newton's method have been utilized to solve the problem. It is noted that when stretching B ≥ 0 is significant with strictly increasing mass suction S shear stress rate increase with minor levels and sharp increase has been observed in Nusselt number, whereas in shrinking case B < 0 shear stress and heat transfer coefficient values are improved raising the value of S mass suction. Further, raising the values of power law index n produce reduced skin friction over stretching surface B ≥ 0 while skin friction dramatically enhance in shrinking case B < 0 . It is observed that raising the non-linearity m values for stretching or shrinking, skin friction and Nusselt number considerably improved. Moreover, computational outcomes of the study are validated with already published previous results and the results obtained in this study are found in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the heat and species transfer in a composite cavity linked with a horizontal channel. The cavity comprises a triangular porous layer and one of its vertical sides is exposed to a high temperature and concentration. The mathematical conservation equations are solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. The ranges of Reynolds and Richardson numbers are taken to ascertain laminar flow, Re = 50–250 and Ri = 0.1–100. The size of the porous layer is quantified by the thickness of the porous layer Hp = 0.25–1. The problem is studied for two cases of heat and species sources; the opposing case, when the active side is on the right, and assisting case, when the active side is on the left. Results reveal that for specified conditions, the triangular porous layer increases Nusselt and Sherwood numbers by 30% and 32%, respectively, more than the horizontal porous layer. The opposing case gives maximum convective heat transfer, where for Ri = 0.01, the Nusselt number is higher by 61% and 134% for Re = 50 and 250, respectively, while for Ri = 100, the percentages increase are 67% and 43%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the widespread usage of electronic gadgets, electromagnetic interference and radiation pollution have become urgent problems. To reduce or eliminate electromagnetic pollution and interference, microwave absorption materials (MAMs) are urgently needed. Here, a solvothermal fabrication technique has been used to create a MoSe 2 structure that resembles a flower and a MnFe 2 O 4 @MnO 2 architecture that resembles a rod. To evaluate the properties of microwave absorption, single-layer and bilayer samples have been preapred with loading ratios of 15, 35 and 45 wt percent. When it comes to single-layer samples, a flower-shaped MoSe 2 structured sample with a 35-wt percent loading performs better in terms of microwave absorption. In bilayer absorbing samples, the top layer of the flower-like MoSe 2 structure exhibits high absorption capability. Moreover, samples with a higher loading ratio showed better absorption ability. Findings reveal that the primary reasons for the improvement in microwave absorption performance of bilayer samples are the layered structures are the higher electrical conductivity of Se in M o S e 2 , multiple reflections in the layered structure, and a higher polarization loss. Moreover, in bilayer samples, the thickness of both layers was regulated to tune the microwave absorption properties. The results of this study may be useful in developing advanced single layer and bilayer MAMs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A better understanding of the mechanics of condensation is needed to devise active bioaerosol samplers. Here, dropwise water condensation produced by directing humid air flow perpendicularly on ambient (25 °C) and cooled (4 °C) copper plate substrates was studied. Numerical data obtained from solving the two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with low Reynolds numbers (=40) showed significant vorticity strength developing at the edges of the copper plate. This resulted in a higher degree of aerosol deposition and an increased likelihood of drop nucleation at the impaction zone. When a drop is already present at the edge, simulations predicted that the high vorticity region shifted to the apexes of drops with concomitant increase in the magnitude of vorticity strength. These results explained the experimentally observed dropwise condensation of larger drops at the edges of the ambient substrate. Analyses of drop size distributions at the center and edges of ambient and cooled substrates showed that drop growth was enhanced by improved condensation on the cooled substrate surface in addition to the flow vorticity effect. Preliminary findings indicate that the recovery of viable aerosolized Escherichia coli from ambient and cooled substrate was found to be invariant, portending its utility for sampling when the electrical power available for cooling is limited. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burnout syndrome, characterized by chronic unmanageable workplace stress, has been linked to lower gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome. However, the relationship between burnout syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome among medical health providers and medical students in Saudi Arabia has not been fully explored. This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in Southern Saudi Arabia from 2021 to 2022 and involved 931 medical health providers and medical students who completed an electronic questionnaire. The study assessed the presence and severity of burnout and irritable bowel syndrome and examined their relationship. Burnout syndrome was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), while irritable bowel syndrome criteria and severity were assessed using validated tools. The study found that 85% of medical health providers and medical students experienced high levels of burnout and irritable bowel syndrome severity, with physicians and nurses mainly affected. Occupational exhaustion was high in 44.4% of participants, while depersonalization was high in 53% of participants. Personal accomplishment was low in 73.5% of participants. Mild, moderate, and severe irritable bowel syndrome was reported in 25.6%, 23.8%, and 12% of participants, respectively. The study highlights a significant association between burnout syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome severity among medical health providers and medical students in Saudi Arabia. These findings underscore the importance of developing effective interventions to prevent and manage burnout syndrome and related health issues among healthcare professionals and medical students in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electromagnetic pollution problem, particularly at microwave frequencies, poses a threat to not only sensitive technological gadgets but also to the health of humans. Therefore, there is a great need for lightweight and highly effective microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs). Here, we fabricated a hierarchical flower-like MoSe 2 structure and a rod-like MnFe 2 O 4 @MnO 2 architecture via a solvothermal method. Single-layer and bilayer samples were fabricated to study the microwave absorption feature. In single-layer samples, the flower-like MoSe 2 structure has better microwave absorption properties than the rod-like MnFe 2 O 4 @MnO 2 architecture. And in bilayer absorbing samples, a sample with a flower-like MoSe 2 structure as the top layer shows high absorption performance. Moreover, in bilayer samples, changes were made to the thickness of both layers to find the best parameters. An optimal bilayer sample has been achieved with a flower-like dielectric MoSe 2 structure as a top layer having a 1 mm thickness and magnetic MnFe 2 O 4 @MnO 2 as a bottom layer also with a 1 mm thickness; indicating that a strong absorption can only be attained by balancing dielectric loss and magnetic loss. Moreover, the optimal sample shows decent absorption with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.4 GHz (14.7–9.3 GHz) with a 1 mm thickness of each layer. The simulated results of the optimal sample have also been compared with experimental results. These results suggest a different approach for developing MAMs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using solid waste in building materials is an efficient approach to achieving sustainability goals. Also, the application of modern methods like artificial intelligence is gaining attention. In this regard, the flexural strength (FS) of cementitious composites (CCs) incorporating waste glass powder (WGP) was evaluated via both experimental and machine learning (ML) methods. WGP was utilized to partially substitute cement and fine aggregate separately at replacement levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%. At first, the FS of WGP-based CCs was determined experimentally. The generated data, which included six inputs, was then used to run ML techniques to forecast the FS. For FS estimation, two ML approaches were used, including a support vector machine and a bagging regressor. The effectiveness of ML models was assessed by the coefficient of determination (R2), k-fold techniques, statistical tests, and examining the variation amongst experimental and forecasted FS. The use of WGP improved the FS of CCs, as determined by the experimental results. The highest FS was obtained when 10% and 15% WGP was utilized as a cement and fine aggregate replacement, respectively. The modeling approaches' results revealed that the support vector machine method had a fair level of accuracy, but the bagging regressor method had a greater level of accuracy in estimating the FS. Using ML strategies will benefit the building industry by expediting cost-effective and rapid solutions for analyzing material characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Corneal endothelium is a sensitive structure that can be easily damaged by a wide range of insults including the phacoemulsification procedure. Diabetes mellitus negatively affect the physiology and structure of various ocular structures including cornea. The aim of this study is to evaluate the corneal endothelial alterations in diabetic and non-diabetic cataract patients after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in Zagazig University Hospitals. Methods: A prospective study operated on total 46 patients, twenty-three patients were well-controlled type II DM patients and the other were nondiabetics. All the patients undergone uneventful phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in the bag. Specular microscopy was performed to all cases before the operation, 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after the operation. Collected data (ECD, CV, percentage of hexagonal cells and CCT) was statistically analyzed and presented in suitable charts and tables. Results: The mean endothelial cell density (ECD) in diabetic group was 2687.65 ± 155.99 cell/mm2 and 2751.43 ± 152.65 cell/mm2 in nondiabetic group. After 3 months of operation, mean ECD in diabetic patients is 2272 ± 98.18 and 2438.43 ± 156.58 in non-diabetics. The difference between both groups after operation is statistically significant. The percentage reduction of ECD was 13% and 9% in diabetic and control group consecutively. Conclusions: Despite good control of glycemic condition, corneal endothelium in diabetic patients is more vulnerable to trauma by phacoemulsification. This is reflected as increased endothelial cell loss in those patients rather than non-diabetic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mesomorphic behavior and the miscibility properties of binary mixtures of a new series of Schiff base metallomesogen (MOM) are evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis (CHNX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to certify the molecular structure of the compounds. The results revealed that the studied mixtures are completely miscible throughout the composition field and exhibit a nematic phase which covered the whole composition range. In the mixtures, the stability of the nematic phase varies continuously, and it is possible to highlight the presence of a eutectic composition with a wide mesogenic stability range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Topical Brimonidine is approved by FDA for the treatment of rosacea-associated erythema. It has antiinflammatory action, in additional to its vasoconstrictive activity, it preventes leucocyte recruitment via inhibition of transendothelial cells migration. Briominidine has been studied for many indications rather than rosacea with positive results. Objective: Review of the literature on the effectiveness of topical brimonidine in the treatment of various dermatological diseases. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for information on Topical Brimonidine dermatological diseases. However, only the most current or comprehensive study from May 2011 to November 2022 was considered. The authors also assessed references from pertinent literature. Documents in languages other than English have been disregarded since there are not enough resources for translation. Unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations were examples of papers that were not considered to be serious scientific research. Results: Mild, temporary skin-related adverse effects have been reported with 0.33 percent brimonidine topical gel. Maximum erythema reduction may occur 3-6 hours after application, while some patients report seeing results as early as 30 minutes. Conclusion: Combination therapy with brimonidine gel and other treatments for face papules and pustules is safe and does not enhance the risk of adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of back-propagated intelligent neural networks (BINs) to investigate the transmission of heat in spinning nanofluid over a rotating system is analyzed in this study. The buoyancy effect is incorporated along with the constant thermophysical properties of nanofluids. Levenberg–Marquardt intelligent networks (ANNLMBs) are employed to study heat transmission by using a trained artificial neural network. The system of highly non-linear flow governing partial differential equations (PDEs) is transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which is taken as a system model. This achieved system model is utilized to generate data set using the "Adams" method for distinct scenarios of heat transmission investigation in a spinning nanofluid over a rotating system for the implementation of the proposed ANNLMB. Additionally, with the help of training, testing, and validation, the approximate solution of heat transmission in a spinning nanofluid in a rotating system is obtained using a BNN-based solver. The generated reference data achieved employing the proposed artificial neural network based on a Levenberg–Marquardt intelligent network is distributed in the following manner: training at 82%, testing at 9%, and validation at 9%. Furthermore, MSE, histograms, and regression analyses are performed to depict and discuss the impact of the varying influence of key parameters, such as unsteadiness "s" in spinning flow, Prandtl number effect "pr", the rotational ratio of nanofluid and cone α 1 and buoyancy effect γ 1 on velocities F ′ G and temperature Θ profiles. The mean square error confirms the accuracy of the achieved results. Prandtl number and unsteadiness decrease the temperature profile and thermal boundary layer of the rotating nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]