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Background: Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a reliable method for preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules particularly if ultrasound‐guided (USG‐FNAC). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of USG‐FNAC and its accuracy. Methods: We retrospectively studied 212 thyroidectomy cases with preoperative ultrasonography and FNAC data during the period 2015–2022 using TI‐RADS for final ultrasound diagnosis and Bethesda system for cytological diagnosis. Results: The studied cases were 200 females and 12 males. Thyroid cancer was more prevalent under 20 years old (78.5%). Papillary thyroid carcinoma comprises 84% of all cancer cases. Significant ultrasound features (p‐value <0.05) favour malignancy were hypoechogenicity (66%), mixed echogenicity (84%), irregular border (61%), microcalcification (68%) and rim halo (63.6%). Malignancy was found in 21% of TI‐RADS‐2, 65% of TI‐RADS‐4 and 100% of TI‐RADS‐5. There is a significant difference between different categories of Bethesda system. All cases in Cat‐VI were malignant (100%). Malignancy was also found in 81% of Cat‐V, 20% of Cat‐IV, 33% of Cat‐III, 16% of Cat‐II and 43% of Cat‐I. Cytological features consistent with malignancy were as follows: grooving (94%), nuclear irregularities (89%), nuclear pseudoinclusion (89%) and little colloid (82%). In our study, USG‐FNAC sensitivity was 83%, specificity 85%, PPV 85%, NPV 83% and accuracy 84%. Conclusion: Ultrasound features in favour of malignancy in thyroid nodules are hypoechoic or complex echogenicity, irregular border, punctuate calcification and presence of rim halo. Cytological features in favour of malignancy are grooving, nuclear irregularities, nuclear pseudoinclusion and little or absent colloid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, new films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) doped with nanomaterials of silicon carbide (SiC) and indium oxide (In2O3) were prepared as a promising nanocomposites for use in many optoelectronics applications. The PVA-SiC-In2O3 nanocomposites' optical, electrical and structural characteristics were investigated.The properties of the structure including optimization, optical microscopeand FT-IRwere also investigated. The optical microscope showed the good distribution of SiC-In2O3 within the PVA matrix. Although the FTIR results indicated that there was no chemical bond formed between the polymer and the nanomaterialwhich was reflected and demonstrated in a high way the good compatibility and coordination when conducting electronic simulations of the compounds under study in terms of decreasing the values of ionization energy and electron affinity. The energy gap of pure PVA films was (4.5 eV) and its decreased with the addition of SiC-In2O3 nanomaterial reached of 4 eV, 3.9 eV and 3.5 eV for contents 1.2 wt %, 2.4 wt % and 3.6 wt % respectively. The absorbance of PVA was increased about (44.4% at 220 nm) and rose of (72% at 220 nm) for the highest concentration (3.6 wt %). There is also a study of the behaviour of the optical parameters, which was characterized by a behaviour that mirrors the performance of the energy gap calculated through electronic and optical simulation, as it increases with increasing concentration, and these films can be used in many promising electronic and optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid nanomaterials doped organic polymer can be considered as a promising nanosystems to apply in various optical and electronics fields. In present work, the nanocomposites films based on polyethylene oxide(PEO) filled by silicon nitride(Si3N4) and cerium oxide(CeO2) nanostrucures were synthesized to employ in numerous advanced electronics and optical approaches. The PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites have unusual characteristics compared of other nanocomposites included exceptional optical characteristics, inexpensive, superior chemical and physical properties. The optical and structural characteristics of PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites are investigated. Results indicated the absorbance of PEO was rise of 53% in the wavelength(λ)=320 nm (UV-spectrum) while its increased of 23% in the λ=520 nm (VIS-spectrum) and 22.3% in the λ=720 nm (NIR-spectrum) when the Si3N4/CeO2 NPs content reached of 7.6 wt.%. The transmittance decreased of 64% at λ=320 nm and its reduced of 19.9% at λ=720 nm, these results make the PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites are important and promising nanomaterials for optical and electronics fields. The energy gap was decreased from 4.2 eV to 2.3 eV with increasing Si3N4/CeO2 NPs content to 7.6 wt.%. The other optical factors of PEO enhanced among boosting Si3N4/CeO2 NPs content. Finally, the attained results demonstrated the PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites are promising nanostructures and important key for development of optical and nanoelectronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work aims to produce of new nanostructured films from cobalt oxide (Co2O3)/iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanostructures doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a promising nanocomposites materials to utilize in numerous quantum electronics and optical nanodevices. The structure, optical, and electronic characteristics of PVA/Co2O3/Fe2O3 nanostructured films were investigated. The structure properties included optimization, FTIR and optical microscope. The optical characteristics results indicated that the absorption increased of 91.3% at UV-spectra (λ = 360 nm) with rising of the Co2O3/Fe2O3 NPs content to 5.7 wt%. The energy gap decreased of 55.3% when the Co2O3/Fe2O3 NPs content reached of 5.7 wt% where it reduced from 4.03 to 1.8 eV, this performance make them appropriate for may optoelectronics nanodevices like transistors, photovoltaic cell, electronic gates, diodes and other applications. The optical parameters: absorption coefficient (α); refractive index (n); extinction coefficient (k); real (ε1) and imaginary (ε2) dielectric constants and optical conductivity (σop) of PVA enhanced with an increase in the Co2O3/Fe2O3 NPs content. Finally, obtained results showed that the PVA/Co2O3/Fe2O3 nanostructured films have excellent electronic and optical properties which make them as promising nanomaterials to employ in many quantum electronics and optical nanodevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aims to create of novel nanostructured films from silicon sarbide(SiC)/cerium oxide (CeO2) doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a promising nanocomposites materials to utilize in numerous quantum electronics and optical nanodevices. The fabricated nanostructures have great properties compared of other nanomaterials comprised few cost, excellent optical characteristics, flexible and lightweight. The structure, optical, and electronic features of PVA/SiC/CeO2 nanostructures were investigated. The structure properties included optimization, FTIR and optical microscope (OM). The optical characteristics were tested at wavelength ranged (200–800) nm. The optical characteristics results indicated that the absorbance of PVA rises about 76.9% at (λ = 240 nm, UV-spectra) while rises of 87% at (λ = 540 nm, VIS-spectra) when the SiC/CeO2 NPs content reached of (5.7 wt%).%. The energy gap decreased when the SiC/CeO2NPs content reached of 5.7wt% where it reduced from 4.5 to 2.7 eV, this performance make them appropriate for may optoelectronics nanodevices like transistors, photovoltaic cell, electronic gates, lasers, diodes and other applications. The optical parameters of PVA; with an increase in the SiC/CeO2 NPs content, the optical conductivity(σop), real (ε1) and imaginary (ε2) dielectric constants, absorption coefficient (α), refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), and other properties improved. Finally, the obtained results demonstrated that the PVA/SiC/CeO2 nanostructures are promising nanomaterials to employ in many quantum electronics and optical nanodevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study objects to enhance the morphological, structural and dielectric properties of silicon nitride(Si3N4) and cerium oxide(CeO2) nanocomposites doped polyethylene oxide(PEO) as promising nanomaterials to be useful in a variety of nanoelectronics and nanodielectric applications such as pressure sensors, capacitor, and others applications. The PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites have been fabricated via casting process. The PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites have remarkable characteristics compared with other nanocomposites including excellent dielectric characteristics, inexpensive, superior chemical, and physical properties. The structural properties of PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites included FTIR, FE-SEM, and optical microscope(OM). The dielectric properties were examined at frequency range from 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The results of dielectric properties showed to improve in the dielectric parameters of PEO with the increase in Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites content. The dielectric properties of PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites were altered with rising frequency. The dielectric constant and electrical conductivity enhanced to about 68.2% and 80.7%, respectively, when the content of Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites reached 7.6 wt%. The PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites have been applied for promising pressure sensors applications. The obtained results demonstrated to enhance the dielectric parameters of PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites with rising applied pressure. Finally, the results of studied properties indicated to the PEO/Si3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites are promising hybrid nanomaterials to employ in various nanoelectronics and nanodielectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of current work includes the creation of new nanohybrid structures from SiC–In2O3 nanostructures doped (PS) as a potential nanomaterials have superior qualities, such as low cost, superior optical properties, flexibility, and lightweight nature to be used in a variety of optical and quantum electronic devices. The optical, electronic and structural properties of PS–SiC–In2O3 nanostructures' were examined. The structural properties comprised: FTIR, optical microscopy, and optimization. The findings of the optical characteristics showed that an increase of 3.6% SiC–In2O3 NPs lead to an increase of 83.3% in the absorption at λ = 560 nm. When the SiC–In2O3 NPs content reached 3.6%, the energy gap shrank from 3.7 to 2.62 eV. The optical factors of PS increased with a rise in the SiC–In2O3 NPs content are including the dielectric constants' real (ε1) and imaginary (ε2) components, optical conductivity (σop), absorption coefficient (α), refractive index (n), and extinction coefficient (k). The PS–SiC–In2O3 nanostructures are potentially useful nanomaterials for use in a variety of quantum electronics and optical nanodevices, according to the final results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Nurses in Hematology provide nursing care and management for patients with hematological illnesses and prepare patients for therapeutic apheresis procedures. The purpose of this study is to assess nurses' knowledge about apheresis procedure and to identify the relationship between the nurses' knowledge about apheresis and their characteristics. It is expected to help reduce deaths, survive patients' life and prevent complication during and after apheresis by providing good knowledge about apheresis to nurses who working at hematology center. Methodology: Descriptive design study, using one group test-retest approach, is carried throughout at Hematological Center in Medical City Directorate for the period of November 25th 2022 through April 29th 2023. A non-probability purposive sample of (30) nurse who are providing nursing care for patients in hematological center in Baghdad Medical Directorate, the knowledge question was constructed according to apheresis procedure, which was contained of (30) item as they were classified into four domains of priority care, indication, replacement fluid in apheresis, complications and nursing care, descriptive and inferential data were analyzed by using: frequency, percentage, mean of score, standard deviation and paired t test. Results: The present study indicates that correct response of nurses' knowledge about apheresis was (19.90%), The results revealed that there is no a significant relationship between the nurse's knowledge and their level of education, year of experiences in nursing, and year of experiences in hematological at P= 0.05. Conclusions: Based on the study findings, the study concludes that Nurses' knowledge about apheresis was poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present work, nanocomposites films of polyethylene oxide (PEO), copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles have been fabricated for discoloration and photo-degradation of dyes pollutants with high efficiency, few cost, anti-aggregation and high dispersion of nanoparticles. The structural and optical properties of PEO/CuO–In2O3 nanocomposites have been investigated. The structural properties were included the tests: optical microscopic (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optical properties of PEO/CuO–In2O3 nanocomposites were studied in wavelength range (200–800) nm. The results of optical properties of PEO/CuO–In2O3 nanocomposites showed the absorbance of PEO increases about 57.4% at (λ = 500 nm) and the energy gap of PEO reduces about 41.1% with adding of CuO–In2O3NPs which may be considered as a key for various optical and electronic fields. The optical constant of PEO were improved by adding of CuO NPs and CuO–In2O3 NPs. The PEO/CuO–In2O3 nanocomposites have been utilized for photo-degradation of dyes pollutants. The results showed prepared nanocomposites can be used for excellent photo-degradation of dyes with high efficiency reached 91% and low concentration of nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work aims to fabricate of polyethylene oxide (PEO)/nickel oxide (NiO)/indium oxide (In2O3) films for photo-degradation of dyes pollutants with low cost, low concentration of nanoparticles contents, excellent dispersion and good activity compared of other nanomaterials. The structural and optical characteristics of PEO/NiO-In2O3 films have been investigated. The structural characteristics of films included: optical microscopic, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optical properties of PEO/NiO-In2O3 films recorded in wavelength range (200–800) nm. The optical properties results of PEO/NiO-In2O3 films indicated that the absorbance (A) of PEO rises about 62.5% while the transmittance (T) reduced about 70.7% at λ = 300 nm, this behavior makes the PEO/NiO-In2O3 nanostructures are suitable for different photonics fields. The energy gap reduces about 55.3% when the In2O3NPs content reached (5.4 wt%), this behavior make it may be considered as a key for optical and electronic applications. The optical constants of PEO: absorption coefficient (α), refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), real (ε1) and imaginary (ε2) parts of dielectric constants and optical conductivity (σop) enhanced with doping of NiO NPs and NiO-In2O3 NPs, this performance make the PEO/NiO-In2O3 nanostructures can be considered as good optical materials for photo-degradation, electronics and optics applications. The PEO/NiO-In2O3 nanomaterials tested for photodegradation of dyes pollutants. The final results indicated that the PEO/NiO-In2O3 nanomaterials can be utilized for excellent photodegradation efficiency reached (88.3%) for the sample (5.4 wt% In2O3 NPs) with few cost and good dispersion compared of other nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present work, the new PEO/NiO/O/In2O3 structures are designed to be employed in various optical and electronic approaches. The structural, optical, and electronic characteristics of new PEO/NiO/O/In2O3 structures are studied. The effect of increasing the number of atoms on the geometrical, electrical, and spectral features of PEO/NiO/In2O3 structures is investigated using the Gaussian 0.9 software and Gaussian View 0.5, as well as density functional theory (SDD basis set) for the geometrical, electronic, and spectroscopic properties of PEO/NiO/O/In2O3 (with 85 atoms). Improved geometrical optimization is done for the geometrical features (bonds and angles). In addition to spectrum qualities, electronic properties include ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical hardness, chemical softness, electronegativity, total energy, energy gap, electrophilicity as well as the IR and UV-visible spectra. When the number of atoms in the investigated structure is increased, it has a direct effect on all of its attributes. Finally, acquired results for the new PEO/NiO/O/In2O3 structures show that they can be used in a variety of modern applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]