Search

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely used to diagnose and monitor thyroid nodules. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is the standard for interpreting FNAC specimens. The risk of malignancy in Bethesda III nodules, also known as Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS), varies significantly throughout several studies published worldwide. This retrospective study examines the risk of cancer in thyroid FNAC categorized as Bethesda III as identified in the final histopathology of thyroidectomy specimens at a single endocrine surgery center. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis included 1038 consecutive patients who underwent elective thyroid surgery with complete follow-up data between January 2020 and March 2024. Preoperative data on clinical and pathological characteristics have been collected. The final histopathology report from the thyroidectomy specimen was compared to the results of the preoperative FNAC on nodules that were judged to be Bethesda category III. Statistical methods were performed using SPSS version 29. Results: A total of 670 ultrasound-guided FNACs (64.5%) performed during the study period were included in the final analysis. The study population was predominantly female, represented by 79.6% of patients with a mean age of 42.5 (SD 12.1), while 20.4% were male and significantly older with mean age of 45.13 years (p = 0.02). The FNAC inadequacy rate was 5.1%, which was associated with a high risk of malignancy (6 out of 34; 17.6%). Out of the total sample size of 170 patients classified as group III, 57 were found to have malignancies in final surgical histopathology, representing 33.5% of the cases within this category. The secondary gender-related outcome analysis showed that female patients classified under the Bethesda II category had a significantly higher risk of malignancy, with a rate of 21.2%, compared to males who had a malignancy rate of 3.4% in the same Bethesda category (p = 0.001, chi-square test). However, the female patients exhibited prognostically superior non-invasive tumors compared to male individuals (p = 0.02, chi-square test). Conclusion: This study's results indicate that Bethesda categories II and III are associated with a higher risk of malignancy in comparison to the reports of the first and third editions of the TBSRTC, particularly for female patients classified under category II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To establish a fluorescence-based method to simultaneously assess micro-permeability and collagen cross-linking induced by chemical agents at the resin-dentin interface. Materials and Methods: Three chemical agents were investigated (proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract: GSE; carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide: EDC/NHS; glutaraldehyde: GD) along with a control (distilled water) as primers applied on flat occlusal dentin surfaces of 48 teeth and restored with two commercially available etch-and-rinse adhesives. Resin-dentin interfaces were polished and infiltrated with rhodamine-B solution for confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Parameters were chosen that would allow acquisition of a simultaneous appearance of collagen and interfacial micro-permeability (rhodamine-B). Fluorescence emission intensity (FEI) was converted into numerals and values were calculated for each group. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffe's and multiple comparisons tests (α = 0.05). T-tests with Pearson correlations were used to investigate correlations between collagen cross-linking and micro-permeability. Results: The FEI of collagen was the highest for GD, followed by GSE, with no significant differences between EDC/NHS and the control group (p > 0.05). Micro-permeability was significantly affected by the adhesives (p < 0.05). Micro-permeability was the lowest for GSE groups, regardless of the adhesives (p < 0.001). Weak correlations were found between micro-permeability and collagen auto-fluorescence. Conclusions: Non-enzymatic collagen cross-linking induced by GSE and GD can be detected by increased collagen auto-fluorescence, and results in reduced interfacial micro-permeability. Increased collagen auto-fluorescence was correlated with fluorescent collagen cross-links and decreased micro-permeability at the resin-dentin interface. Collagen auto-fluorescence is a useful tool to detect auto-fluorescent exogenous cross links and their potential impact on the quality of the resin-dentin interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aimed to ameliorate the efficacy of anticancer drug of Cyclophosphamide on ovarian cancer cell lines related to human by loading with poly (D,L lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) which considered as nanoparticles (NPs) material. The merge of Cyclophosphamide - PLGA NPs were done by the technique of nanoprecipitation. NPs was prepared equal scattered with an average diameter of 133±25.19 nm. The dose response curves of free Cyclophosphamide dose were orgnized (12.5-2000 uM) by using the assay of MTT on OVCAR-4 and PE01 cell lines for 1, 3 and 5 days. IC50 on OVCAR-4 was calculatrd and were 178 uM after one day of exposure, 15.3 uM and 1.38 uM after three and five days respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 on PE01 was only noticed after five days of exposure for Cyclophosphamide (11.70 uM). The viability of OVCAR-4 after treatment with Cyclophosphamide at 100 uM with free or with PLGA NPs consctruction for three days was 41.4% and 14.9% respectively. Resemblance, when 250uM was applied, the viability of OVCAR-4 was 19.2% and 11.8% after wxposure to free and NPs forms of Cyclophosphamide. In addition, the cell viability of PE01 when 250 uM applied, the free or NPs constructions was 55.45% and 37.21% respectively. Oue work showed that OVCAR-4 cell line was more susceptible to Cyclo-PLGA NPs as compared to PE01 cells. conclusion: our action manifested that the effcet of Cyclophosphamide is time-depended and the protract effect originate by PLGA NPs may give a share in, at least to boost and increase efficacy of Cyclophosphamide as anticancer activity drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]