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The sonochemical‐assisted multicomponent reaction catalyzed by ionic liquid, solvent‐free synthesis, improving chemical structure, computational calculations, and nonlinear optical properties (NLO) assessment of a new amidoalkyl naphthol derivative 4, that is, [N‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)(4‐nitrophenyl)methyl)‐2‐phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (C24H20N4O3S), are introduced. The corrected structure of the synthesized derivative 4 is confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques viz. (1H and 13C) NMR, Infrared radiation (IR), Mass spectra, and UV‐vis. spectra. To obtain geometrical structure and confirm the experimental findings, DFT‐assisted B3LYP/6‐31G* method is used. The NLO properties of the synthesized derivative are studied using two visible laser beams where its nonlinear refraction index (NLRI) at 473 nm cw laser beam is obtained using diffraction patterns (DPs) and the Z‐scan techniques. As high as 5.312×10−11 m2/W of NLRI is obtained. The all‐optical switching (AOS) which is usually carried out utilizing two laser beams, the controlling and controlled, is generalized by the use of three laser beams, controlling, 473 nm beam and two controlled 532 nm and 635 nm beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We observed multiple diffraction rings of a continuous-wave solid-state laser beam from an Orange G dye doped polyacrylamide gel. The number of rings increases almost exponentially with increasing input power and the concentration of the samples. The refractive index change, Δn, and effective nonlinear refractive index, n2, were determined from the number of observed rings. We obtained good values of Δn ~ 0.004 788 and [n.sub.2] = [10.sup.-5] [cm.sup.2]/W. Variation of refractive index with temperature (dn/dT) and figure of merit (H) are found to be 1.01 X [10.sup.-4] 1/°C and 0.45 X [10.sup.-4], respectively. This large nonlinearity is attributed to a thermal effect resulting from linear absorption. PACS Nos: 42.65.-k, 42.65.Jx, 42.65.An, 78.20.N- Nous avons observe des anneaux de diffraction multiple du faisceau continu d'un laser etat solide utilisant un gel polyacrylamide dope au colorant Orange G. Le nombre des anneaux augmente presque exponentiellement avec la puissance d'entree et avec la concentration des echantillons. Nous avons determine le changement d'indice de refraction Δn et l'indice de refraction non lineaire effectif n2 a partir du nombre d'anneaux observes. Nous avons obtenu de bonnes valeurs de Δ n ~ 0,004 788 et [n.sub.2] = [10.sup.-5] [cm.sup.2]/W. Nous trouvons que le taux de variation thermique (dn/dT) et la figure de merite (H) sont respectivement 1,01 X [10.sup.-4] 1/°C et 0,45 X [10.sup.-4]. Cette forte non linearite est attribuee a un effet thermique resultant d'une absorption lineaire. [Traduit par la Redaction], 1. Introduction There has been a great need for nonlinear optical materials that can be used with low-intensity lasers for applications such as phase conjugation, image processing, and optical switching [...]

Nonlinear properties of 5W20 oil have been investigated using the diffraction ring pattern and Z-scan techniques. The nonlinear refractive index was measured by the use of a solid state laser in the CW regime at wavelength 473 nm. Experimental results show that such a sample has a large, negative, nonlinear refractive index (n2 = 4.22 x 10-7 cm2/W). The optical power limiting performances for 5W20 oil have been investigated. These results proved that 5W20 oil has significant nonlinear properties and it could be used for photonic and nonlinear optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education for Pure Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The optical constants such as (refractive index n, extinction coefficient k and absorption coefficient a) were calculated for 5',5"-dibromo-o-cresolsulfophthalein (BCP) thin films by using spectrophotometer measurements of the transmittance, absorbance and reflectance at normal incidence in the spectral range 350-900 nm. The obtained values of both n and k were found to be dependent of the film thicknesses. The refractive index has anomalous behaviour in the wavelength range 350-900 nm besides a high energy transition at 2.385 eV. The optical parameters (dispersion energy Ed, oscillation energy E° and the high frequency dielectric constantε ∞ ) were calculated using Wemple and Didomenico method. The volume energy loss (VELF) and the surface energy loss (SELF) functions are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work OR1(E1,6E) -1,7-bis (4-propyloxy phenyl) hepta-1,6-diene-3,5 dione compound is synthesized. The compound has been characterized via computational technique by studying the molecule's electronic structures through calculating its HOMO and LUMO energies, and its band gap energy (E HOMO -E LUMO ). The nonlinear refractive index (NLRI) of the solution of OR1 compound in DMF solvent is determined using diffraction patterns (DPs) which resulted when a continuous wave laser beam of wavelength 473 nm traversed the compound solution in a glass cell of 1 mm thickness. By counting the number of rings under maximum beam input power, the NLRI of value 10 - 6 cm 2 /W resulted. The NLRI is calculated once more via the Z-scan technique and a value of 0.25 × 10 - 7 cm 2 /W is obtained. The vertical convection current in the OR1 compound solution appears to be responsible for the asymmetries noticed in the DPs. The temporal variation of each DP is noticed together with the evolution of DPs against beam input power. DPs are numerically simulated based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral with good accord compared to the experimental findings. Dynamic and static all-optical switching in the OR1 compound using two laser beams (473 and 532 nm) is tested successfully., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The casting technique is employed to prepare the film from a mixture of sudan brown RR (SBRR) dye and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). The surface profile of this film is identified using a scanning probe microscope and image J software. The linear optical (LO) properties of the solid film were studied. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of SBRR/PMMA film and sudan brown (RR) solution in dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent are evaluated using two methods including diffraction ring patterns and Z-scan. The optical limiting (OLg) property for the SBRR/PMMA film and SBRR solution was extensively investigated. The values of nonlinear refractive index (NRI) and threshold limiting (T H ) of the solid film and dye solution were compared., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The dye of azo compound is prepared by coupling reaction of dizonium salt of sulfanilamide with benzoylacetone. The product is characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The geometries of the synthesized dye is optimized using B3LYP method and 6-31G (d,p) basis sets. Nonlinear optical properties are investigated theoretically by calculation of some quantum chemical descriptors using the DFT/B3LYP method with a 6-31G(d,p) basis set in comparison with urea as a standard. The UV-visible spectrum of synthesized azo dye are calculated using TD-DFT with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The nonlinear refractive index of the prepared dye is calculated via the diffraction ring patterns and Z-scan techniques using 473 nm visible, continuous wave laser light. The diffraction ring patterns are numerically simulated using the Fresnel-Kirchhoff theory with reasonable agreements. The property of optical limiting of the azo dye is tested., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Two dihydropyridone compounds are synthesized from curcumin using microwave radiation. Both compounds were identified by their melting points and 1 HNMR spectra. The nonlinear properties viz., nonlinear absorption coefficients and nonlinear refractive index of both compounds were calculated at wavelength 473 nm using the diffraction ring patterns and Z-scan techniques separately. The diffraction ring patterns evolved from circular symmetric to asymmetric due to convection current in the vertical direction. As a result of using Gaussian laser beam, the Fraunhofer approximation of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction, have led to successful simulation of the diffraction ring patterns with good quantitative and excellent qualitative agreements compared with experimental results. Optical limiting property has been tested in both compounds., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A dihydropyridone has been prepared from butylamine and curcumin. A theoretical DFT study was conducted to determine the most stable conformer of the studied molecule (among three conformers) using the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. This is assisted by the prediction of the 13 C NMR chemical shifts of the conformers which then correlated with the observed 13 C NMR chemical shifts. A TD-DFT study was conducted to analyze the electronic spectrum of the most stable conformer in order to determine the transitions responsible for the longer band in the electronic spectrum of the molecule. As well the frontier orbitals in the most stable conformer were analyzed to establish the density of donor and acceptor sites in the molecule that may be responsible for the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the studied molecule. Diffraction ring patterns were observed as a result of the use of visible, 473 nm, low power single mode laser beam traversed a thin cell containing solution of dihydropyridone. The nonlinear refractive index, n 2 , was determined based on the number of diffraction rings per a pattern observed and by the Z-scan technique and both results are compared. The upward convection heat effect appears to be responsible for the asymmetries observed in the diffraction ring patterns. The use of convergent and divergent laser beams has led to new types of diffraction ring patterns. Temporal evolution of each diffraction ring patterns was registered. The diffraction ring patterns experimentally obtained are numerically calculated using the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral, with good qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreements., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)