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Introduction: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is known to be associated with significant arrhythmia and consequent mortality. QT prolongation is a risk factor for arrhythmia in STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the association of corrected QT interval (QTc), QT dispersion (QTd), T-wave peak to end (TPE), and fragmented QRS with mortality in these patients. Methods: Eligible patients with the characteristic symptoms of STEMI who underwent PPCI were included. QTc, QTd, TPE, and fragmented QRS were measured before and after the PPCI. These predictors were compared between patients who died during hospitalization and discharged patients. Results: After coronary angiography, 10 patients (4%) died during the hospitalization after PPCI. Comparing the non-survivers and discharged patients in terms of arrhythmia predictors showed that the mean QT dispersion and TPE before intervention were significantly higher in the non-survivors. Also, the number of patients who experienced fragmented QRS before and after the intervention was significantly higher in the non-survivors. Conclusion: These data suggested that evaluating such arrhythmia predictors, especially before PPCI, could be used as a predictor of mortality in STEMI patients who underwent PPCI.

This work aimed to fabricate a new photoluminescent bionanogel with both targeted anticancer drug delivery and bioimaging potentials. Briefly, at first photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from the low-cost and more available black pepper with traditional medicinal properties. The as-synthesized dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) was used as a safe crosslinker for gelatin crosslinking in the presence of CDs (CDs/DCMC-Gel). Eventually, the residual amine functional groups of gelatin were used for the conjugation of CDs/DCMC-Gel with folic acid (FA) ((CDs/DCMC-Gel)-FA bionanogels). All employed physicochemical characterization methods approved the (CDs/DCMC-Gel)-FA bionanogels fabrication route. SEM analysis specified the spherical morphology with a diameter of ~70-90 nm for it. Curcumin (CUR) and doxorubicin (DOX) respectively were loaded with drug entrapment efficiency of about 44.0% and 41.4%. The release rate for both drugs in acidic conditions was higher than in physiological conditions. In vitro antitumor experiments; MTT, DAPI staining, cellular uptake, and cell cycle tests showed the superior anticancer effect of the CUR@DOX@(CDs/DCMC-Gel)-FA in comparison with free CUR@DOX. Moreover, the (CDs/DCMC-Gel)-FA acted as a hopeful bio-imaging tool. Taken together, the designed (CDs/DCMC-Gel)-FA could be proposed as a promising nanosystem for efficient chemotherapy.

Novel thermostable, photoactive, and solvable polyamides containing fluorene and xanthene groups were synthesized, as was a ZnO-based composite. These compounds were used as antibacterial and anticancer agents and as absorbents to remove MB dye.

Fabrication of porous materials with a high surface area affords a great interest to achieve a system with a prolonged drug release manner. In this context, the subject of this work is to describe a novel green one-pot synthesis route for the growth of metal-organic framework (MOF) from zinc metal (Zn) and 1, 4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC) in the vicinity of the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which homogeneously confined in the biopolymeric chains. The synthesized Zn (BDC)@CMC was characterized and confirmed using different analyses. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms determined the mean diameter of pore size of about 2.3993 nm. Ibuprofen (IBU) as a model drug was highly loaded to the Zn(BDC)@CMC by immersing in the drug solution; 50.95%. The in vitro IBU release study indicated that the Zn(BDC)@CMC has more attractive performances than pristine Zn(BDC). The IBU release occurred via the Fickian mechanism. Isotherm studies showed that the IBU adsorption on obeys from Langmuir isotherm; R2 0.9623. The MTT results revealed the HEK 293A cell viability of higher than 90% for Zn(BDC)@CMC that confirms its cytocompatibility. Overall, obtained results confirm the functionality of CMC biopolymer for in situ growth of MOF in the presence of it due to having the reactive nature.

In this work, for the first time, a new magnetic cadmium-based MOFs (Fe3O4@Cd-MOF) was successfully synthesized in a green way and then modified with chitosan (CS) in the microsphere form (Fe3O4@Cd-MOF@CS). The obtained materials were fully characterized by several techniques. In the following, the efficiency of Fe3O4@Cd-MOF@CS was explored for the removal of amoxicillin (AMX). The outcome of the adsorption study showed that the removal efficiency is affected by CS and reaches its optimum at pH 8 and contact time of 240 min. Under optimized conditions, over 75% of AMX was removed. The kinetic and the isotherm of the adsorption were fit with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm respectively. Eventually, the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained ~103.09 mg/g. Interestingly, these findings convince that the newly prepared Fe3O4@Cd-MOF@CS could be proposed as a promising magnetically separable adsorbent for antibiotic contaminants removal from the aqueous solution.

Nontoxic materials with natural origin are promising materials in the designing and preparation of the new drug delivery systems (DDSs). Today's, citric acid (CA) has attracted a great deal of attention because of its special features; green nature, biocompatibility, low price, biodegradability, and commercially available property. So, CA has been employed in the preparation of the various platforms to induce a suitable property on their structure. Recently, several research groups investigated the CA-based platforms in different forms like tablets, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, (co)polymer, hydrogels, and nanoparticles as efficient DDSs. By considering an increasing amount of published articles in this field, for the first time, in this review, an overview of the published works regarding CA applications in the design of various DDSs is presented with a detailed and insightful discussion.

Carbohydrates are safe materials with the potential of application in various areas, hence, in recent years, a growing interest has been attracted to the synthesis of the new systems containing carbohydrates. By considering this and based on the carbohydrate's merits, in this work, the new two different random glyco-copolymers were prepared through the polymerization of the α-D-glucofuranose- and α-D-mannofuranose-based monomers. A facile free-radical polymerization technique was utilized for glyco-copolymers synthesis in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) technique was used for investigating the achievements in the synthesis of copolymers. In the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy analysis, the absence of any peaks in the rigon related to vinylic protons confirmed the successful synthesizing of glyco-copolymers. As well as, enhancing the intensity of the peaks in the 0.60–2.39 ppm which is related to the formed aliphatic protons as a result of vinylic glycomonomers copolymerization is the strong witness for success in copolymerization. In this way and by considering the special structure of the prepared glyco-copolymers and based on the review of the published literature, it is expected that the prepared new glyco-copolymers be a good candidate for biomedicinal applications.

A composite is a material having two or more components with diverse chemical or physical properties. Due to the special feature of the composites, the use of various materials and research in their field is developing. By considering the above points, in this work a series of the nanocomposites from α-Al2O3 nanoparticles (α-Al2O3 NPs, at 2, 5, and 10% by wt), carbon fibers (CF), and epoxy resin were fabricated and their thermal and mechanical performance were evaluated. The dispersion mode of α-Al2O3 NPs in the composite structure was evaluated through a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The FE-SEM analysis revealed that the α-Al2O3 NPs and CF were homogeneously dispersed in the epoxy matrix and the morphology of α-Al2O3 NPs–CF/epoxy composites is uniform. The results of the mechanical tests exhibited that the flexural strength and module of E-40 (epoxy resin: carbon fiber: α-Al2O3, 65:25:10) were at their highest levels; 295 MPa and 11,917 MPa, respectively. For flexural strength and module, improvements were made by 95.5% and 91.8% in comparison with the samples in the absence of NPs. The highest tensile strength was obtained for E-30 (epoxy resin: carbon fiber: α-Al2O3, 70:25:5); 341 MPa. There is a 24% enhancement in tensile strength as compression by a sample without NPs. Accordingly, we can conclude that the addition of α-Al2O3 NPs in composite structures has significantly affected the mechanical response. However, the thermal analysis was illustrated as an inverse trend by the addition of NPs. Therefore, the performance of experimental tests revealed that the composite with the required feature could be prepared based on the obtained results.

In this study, a novel targeted drug delivery system was prepared based on a triazine dendrimer attached to the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2, which was then grafted with ultrahigh fluorescence folic acid-derived CDs (Fe3O4@SiO2–G2.5–CD) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) against A549 human lung cancer cells. The successful synthesis of this system was confirmed by various techniques such as zeta potential, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-visible, VSM, EDX, BET, and PL analysis. The encapsulation efficiency of Fe3O4@SiO2–G2.5–CD was 84.28% and the in vitro drug release of Fe3O4@SiO2–G2.5–CD–DOX was noticeably pH-dependent. The MTT and DAPI tests clearly exhibited that non-toxic Fe3O4@SiO2–G2.5–CD has excellent biocompatibility with A549 cells. Meanwhile, colloidal stability and enzymatic degradation studies showed that Fe3O4@SiO2–G2.5–CD has good stability and biodegradability. According to the obtained results, the as-prepared dendrimer can be proposed for use as a new safe and efficient vehicle for drug delivery systems.

This article describes the synthesis and properties of novel imidazole-based aromatic polyimides (PIs) containing bulky groups from direct polycondensation of two diamines with 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and (hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA). The structure–property relationship of the prepared samples was fully determined via FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR and elemental analysis (CHN) techniques. The inherent viscosity values of the polyimides ranged from 0.51 to 0.73 dL g−1. These PIs showed glass transition temperatures ranging from 273 to 306 °C, and 10% mass loss temperatures within the range of 478–504 °C in a N2 atmosphere. High transparency with a UV-visible absorption cut-off wavelength was found to range between 285 and 300 nm. Good antimicrobial activity can be correlated with the presence of xanthene and imidazole units into the main structure of PIs. Next, SiO2 nanoparticles as inorganic nanoparticles were added to one of the synthesized polyimides (BTDA-PIb), causing changes in the attributes of both the nanoparticles and PI. The data obtained from examining the properties of the prepared BTDA-PIb/HBP@SiO2 demonstrated increased heat resistance, photoluminescence intensity, and antimicrobial inhibition compared to pure PI. Also, in this article, the polymeric samples as adsorbents were evaluated for extraction of heavy metal ions (Hg2+ and Co2+) from water sources.

In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on cellulose and aminated cellulose. Obtained results show the presence of amine moieties and their protonation, positive charges and repulsive forces increase. As a result, the van der Waals and electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding number decrease. Then, paclitaxel was loaded through docking into the structures and was studied by MD simulations. The simulations were performed in several protonation states along with 25∘C, 37∘C, 42∘C and 50∘C temperatures. The carrier/ligand system behaviors were analyzed. The results indicate the increase of temperature and protonation decrease hydrogen bonding number between drug and carrier and increase binding free energy. At last, to compare the simulations results, paclitaxel was loaded in cellulose and aminated cellulose and investigated in the in vitro release at two conditions (37∘C, pH 7.4, and 42∘C, pH 5). Experimental results prove computational results as pH/temperature-responsive system.

In this research, a novel dual-responsive supermagnetic chitosan/iron oxide nanocomposite hydrogel beads (CH/MION) was prepared using sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as cross linking agent. The prepared CH/MION hydrogel was systematically characterized by Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). In addition, the CH/MION hydrogel exhibits favorable swelling properties that are sensitive to pH, and external magnetic field (EMF). The drug release behavior of the prepared hydrogel under EMF, and different pHs was also studied. The obtained hydrogel showed considerable temperature, pH, and EMF sensitivity for the in vitro release of Doxorubicin (DOX).These results suggested that the CH/MION hydrogel beads could be a promising candidate for drug delivery applications.

In this work, a series of oxidized starch-based bio-nanocomposites (OS/CuO) were prepared and investigated as colon drug delivery vehicles. The appearance of peaks at 400–800 cm−1 of FTIR spectrum,...

In this work, a pH-sensitive carboxymethylcellulose based bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads with different content of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as a nanoparticle was prepared (CMC/LDH(Cu/Al)). EDX spectroscopy was used to confirm the successful composition of LDH(Cu/Al) with CMC and its presence in the hydrogel matrix. The prepared CMC/LDH(Cu/Al) bio-nanocomposite hydrogel bead characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analysis. The swelling results showed the pH-sensitive properties for all of the prepared CMC/LDH(Cu/Al). Amoxicillin (AMX) as a model of the antibiotic drug was selected to study the ability of the prepared systems as an oral drug delivery vehicle. The obtained results showed that the CMC/LDH(Cu/Al 7.5) bio-nanocomposite hydrogel bead has a good performance compared to the other prepared bio-nanocomposites. MTT assay approved the safety of this bio-nanocomposite hydrogel bead against HUVEC cells. Consistent with the obtained results, the prepared hydrogel beads could be potentially proposed as an efficient safe drug carrier for AMX oral delivery.

Among the most common cancers, colon cancer is the fourth. To develop new methods with controlled-release manner, more attention was devoted to designing efficient oral delivery systems. For this purpose, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as an anticancer drug was encapsulated into the porous of Zn-based metal-organic framework (MOF-5) through immersing in the drug solution. pH-sensitive carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) biopolymer was used to protect and carry the 5-FU encapsulated MOF-5 nano-hybrid (5-FU@MOF-5) through the digestive system. The CMC-coated 5-FU@MOF-5 bio-nanocomposite hydrogel bead (CMC/5-FU@MOF-5) characterized using various techniques. To demonstrate the efficiency of CMC/5-FU@MOF-5 as a novel carrier for controlled release of 5-FU, in-vitro drug delivery tests were carried out in simulating the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions. The drug release tests revealed that the CMC/5-FU@MOF-5 has a sustained release manner in the GIT conditions. The MTT test established that the CMC/5-FU@MOF-5 has notable toxicity against HeLa cells. According to the obtained results, the prepared bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads could be proposed as a potential drug delivery system for the colonic administration of 5-FU.

In our work, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/acrylic acid (AA)/acrylamide (AAm) nanocomposite was synthesized by living radical polymerization. The str...

Herein, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were introduced as a novel and safe crosslinker for carboxymethyl cellulose to make biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogels. The casting was used as a simple method for the preparation of the CMC/GQDs films. Effects of the GQDs percentage on the physicochemical properties of the films were studied, and several characterizations were performed including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, gas permeability, and mechanical testing analysis. The CMC/GQDs showed a pH-sensitive swelling and degradation with improved tensile strength. Fluorescent properties were also studied to evaluate the potential of the prepared CMC/GQDs nanocomposite for fluorescent bioimaging applications. Drug delivery property of the CMC-GQDs were studied using doxorubicin (DOX) as a model anticancer drug. Cytotoxicity studies were carried out using human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells. The prepared CMC/GQDs exhibited biocompatibility and pH-sensitive drug delivery behavior which proposed the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel has the potential to be used as a pH-triggered site-specific drug delivery system.

Nowadays, extensive environmental problems due to the use of synthetic polymers have provoked efforts for their replacement with biopolymers as the most important research priorities. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the well-known biodegradable biopolymers. In this work, for the first time, PLA was modified with hydrophilic triazine-based dendrimers to obtain PLA with improved hydrophilic properties. In this regard, at first, dl-lactic acid (DLLA) was polymerized through the melt polycondensation to obtain poly-dl-lactic acid (PDLLA). The effects of reaction time and catalyst types on the molecular weight of the PDLLA were investigated. Also, the thermal behavior of PDLLAs with different molecular weights was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The obtained results from the DSC analysis showed that the PDLLA with higher molecular weight has a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm). In the following, various generations (G) of the triazine-based dendrimers were synthesized. To increase the hydrophilicity of the prepared PDLLA, chemical modification of PDLLA with the different generations of triazine-based dendrimer (G1, G1.5 and G2) was performed. Due to the modification of PDLLA with dendrimers, the number of functional groups and hydrophilicity of PDLLA increased. Based on the obtained results, it is expected that the prepared systems could be a good and promising candidate for the production of biocompatible plastics with more hydrolytic degradation ability.

Herein, for the first time, the photoluminescent graphene quantum dots@Bio-metal organic framework (GQDs@Bio-MOF) nanohybrid was prepared. BET analysis obtained the average pore diameter of GQDs@Bio-MOF about 11.97 nm. The existence of nanoscale porosity in GQDs@Bio-MOF displays its suitability for 5-Fu loading owing to the smaller size of 5-Fu. 5-Fu entrapment efficiency and loading capacity were found to be ~42.04 % and ~4.20 %, respectively (5-Fu@GQDs@Bio-MOF). The 5-Fu@GQDs@Bio-MOF was capped with starch biopolymer (St@5-Fu@GQDs@Bio-MOF), fabricated sample displayed 4.67 for pH

Commonly the directly administered chemotherapy drugs lack targeting in tumor treatment. Thus, trying to improve cancer treatment efficiency led us to design a new intelligent system for cancer treatment. Considering these, in the current work, at first, the 2-aminoterephthalic acid (NH

The release of antibiotic drugs into aquatic environments is a serious environmental and health problem in recent years. Therefore, the development of potential adsorbents for the effective removal of tetracycline (TC) and amoxicillin (AMX) of aqueous media is of great importance. In this study, new alginate beads were successfully prepared by encapsulation of Fe

Achieving a new oral drug delivery system with controlled drug release behavior is valuable in cancer therapy. Therefore, for the first time, doxorubicin (DOX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) were simultaneously co-loaded on the as-synthesized layered double hydroxides LDH(MgAl). The resulted system was encapsulated with carboxymethyl starch to improve its efficiency for colon cancer therapy. Several characterization techniques were used to evaluate the successful synthesis of the CMS@LDH(MgAl)@DOX,5-Fu microspheres. The scanning electron microscopy result showed that the size of prepared microspheres is about 72 μm. Additionally, the presence of one broad peak at 2θ ~ 20 of the X-ray diffraction spectrum approved its amorph nature. The drug release study showed a controlled release profile with ~22% of DOX and 29% of 5-Fu. In addition, the cell viability test outcome confirmed the sustained drug release pattern from CMS@LDH(MgAl)@DOX,5-Fu against the colon cancer cell line. The results suggest that the prepared microspheres are capable to operate as an acceptable formulation for oral co-drug delivery.

High-performance polyimides (PIs) with ether linkages and trifluoromethyl (–CF3) groups based on xanthene were designed and synthesized via a polycondensation reaction of novel diamine monomers with available aromatic dianhydrides. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by the 1H-NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis techniques, and their photophysical attributes were studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. All the PIs demonstrated excellent thermal stability, glass transition temperatures (Tg) from 249 to 263 °C, char yields of greater than 37.9%, and 10% weight loss temperatures in a nitrogen atmosphere from 430 to 508 °C. Also, the inherent viscosities of the resulting polymers were in the range of 0.49–0.66 dL g−1. The PIs were completely soluble in polar amide-type organic solvents (NMP, DMAc, DMSO, and DMF) at ambient temperature. A polymeric nanocomposite (PI-a2/GO-HBP NC) was prepared by linking a polyimide (PI-a2) and hyperbranched aromatic polyamide-coated GO nanoparticles (GO-HBP NPs). The thermal stability, photoluminescence intensity, and antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite are higher than the neat polyimide due to powerful chemical links between the GO-HBP and PI-a2 chains. Also, all components were applied as efficient adsorbents for the elimination of chromium metal ions from aqueous solutions.

Recently due to the exclusive rheological properties and a highly branched structure, star-shaped polymers have received more attention. In the first section of the present work, the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based star-shaped polymer systems were prepared from the reaction of methoxypolyethylene glycols with various molecular weight as arm and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as a core. The structure of the synthesized star-shaped polymers confirmed using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The solubility test showed that the synthesized polymers are soluble in water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and chlorinated solvents. In the second part of this work, the crosslinked PEGs preparation possibility in the melt state by using the trimesic acid (TMA) and TMC as a crosslinker was investigated. Evaluation of the swelling and solubility behavior of the prepared systems showed that the prepared crosslinked systems with TMA are soluble in most of the organic solvents, while the crosslinked systems with TMC as a crosslinker are insoluble in all of the organic solvents and show the swellability characteristics. From the obtained results it is concluded that the TMC is a better crosslinker for the crosslinking of PEG in the melt state.