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Let $G$ be a non-abelian group. The non-commuting graph $\mathcal{A}_G$ of $G$ is defined as the graph whose vertex set is the non-central elements of $G$ and two vertices are joint if and only if they do not commute. In a finite simple graph $\Gamma$ the maximum size of a complete subgraph of $\Gamma$ is called the clique number of $\Gamma$ and it is denoted by $\omega(\Gamma)$. In this paper we characterize all non-solvable groups $G$ with $\omega(\mathcal{A}_G)\leq 57$, where the number 57 is the clique number of the non-commuting graph of the projective special linear group $\mathrm{PSL}(2,7)$. We also complete the determination of $\omega(\mathcal{A}_G)$ for all finite minimal simple groups., Comment: to appear in Algebra Colloquium

We associate a graph $\mathcal{C}_G$ to a non locally cyclic group $G$ (called the non-cyclic graph of $G$) as follows: take $G\backslash Cyc(G)$ as vertex set, where $Cyc(G)=\{x\in G | < x,y> \text{is cyclic for all} y\in G\}$ is called the cyclicizer of $G$, and join two vertices if they do not generate a cyclic subgroup. For a simple graph $\Gamma$, $w(\Gamma)$ denotes the clique number of $\Gamma$, which is the maximum size (if it exists) of a complete subgraph of $\Gamma$. In this paper we characterize groups whose non-cyclic graphs have clique numbers at most 4. We prove that a non-cyclic group $G$ is solvable whenever $w(\mathcal{C}_G)<31$ and the equality for a non-solvable group $G$ holds if and only if $G/Cyc(G)\cong A_5$ or $S_5$., Comment: to appear in Journal of Algebra and its Applications

A group in which every element commutes with its endomorphic images is called an $E$-group. Our main result is that all 3-generator $E$-groups are abelian. It follows that the minimal number of generators of a finitely generated non-abelian $E$-group is four.

We associate a graph $\Gamma_G$ to a non locally cyclic group $G$ (called the non-cyclic graph of $G$) as follows: take $G\backslash Cyc(G)$ as vertex set, where $Cyc(G)=\{x\in G | \left \text{is cyclic for all} y\in G\}$, and join two vertices if they do not generate a cyclic subgroup. We study the properties of this graph and we establish some graph theoretical properties (such as regularity) of this graph in terms of the group ones. We prove that the clique number of $\Gamma_G$ is finite if and only if $\Gamma_G$ has no infinite clique. We prove that if $G$ is a finite nilpotent group and $H$ is a group with $\Gamma_G\cong\Gamma_H$ and $|Cyc(G)|=|Cyc(H)|=1$, then $H$ is a finite nilpotent group. We give some examples of groups $G$ whose non-cyclic graphs are ``unique'', i.e., if $\Gamma_G\cong \Gamma_H$ for some group $H$, then $G\cong H$. In view of these examples, we conjecture that every finite non-abelian simple group has a unique non-cyclic graph. Also we give some examples of finite non-cyclic groups $G$ with the property that if $\Gamma_G \cong \Gamma_H$ for some group $H$, then $|G|=|H|$. These suggest the question whether the latter property holds for all finite non-cyclic groups.

A group in which every element commutes with its endomorphic images is called an $E$-group. If $p$ is a prime number, a $p$-group $G$ which is an $E$-group is called a $pE$-group. Every abelian group is obviously an $E$-group. We prove that every 2-generator $E$-group is abelian and that all 3-generator $E$-groups are nilpotent of class at most 2. It is also proved that every infinite 3-generator $E$-group is abelian. We conjecture that every finite 3-generator $E$-group should be abelian. Moreover we show that the minimum order of a non-abelian $pE$-group is $p^8$ for any odd prime number $p$ and this order is $2^7$ for $p=2$. Some of these results are proved for a class wider than the class of $E$-groups.

In this paper we prove that a set of points $B$ of PG(n,2) is a minimal blocking set if and only if $=PG(d,2)$ with $d$ odd and $B$ is a set of $d+2$ points of $PG(d,2)$ no $d+1$ of them in the same hyperplane. As a corollary to the latter result we show that if $G$ is a finite 2-group and $n$ is a positive integer, then $G$ admits a $\mathfrak{C}_{n+1}$-cover if and only if $n$ is even and $G\cong (C_2)^{n}$, where by a $\mathfrak{C}_m$-cover for a group $H$ we mean a set $\mathcal{C}$ of size $m$ of maximal subgroups of $H$ whose set-theoretic union is the whole $H$ and no proper subset of $\mathcal{C}$ has the latter property and the intersection of the maximal subgroups is core-free. Also for all $n<10$ we find all pairs $(m,p)$ ($m>0$ an integer and $p$ a prime number) for which there is a blocking set $B$ of size $n$ in $PG(m,p)$ such that $=PG(m,p)$.

Let $n>0$ be an integer and $\mathcal{X}$ be a class of groups. We say that a group $G$ satisfies the condition $(\mathcal{X},n)$ whenever in every subset with $n+1$ elements of $G$ there exist distinct elements $x,y$ such that $$ is in $\mathcal{X}$. Let $\mathcal{N}$ and $ \mathcal{A}$ be the classes of nilpotent groups and abelian groups, respectively. Here we prove that: (1) If $G$ is a finite semi-simple group satisfying the condition $(\mathcal{N},n)$, then $|G|