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Objective Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a type of nerve damage and the most common complication of diabetes. Regarding the association between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with the pathogenesis of neuropathy, this study aims to examine binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) gene expression and long noncoding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), miR-199a-5 as its regulator in the peripheral blood of DN patients compared to diabetic patients without neuropathy. Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from DN (n = 20) patients and diabetic patients without neuropathy (non-DN) (n = 20). After RNA extraction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate RNA expression. Results The results showed that the expression level of NEAT1 and BiP genes in the DN group increased significantly compared to the non-DN group. Also, the expression level of miR-199a-5p in the DN group was significantly downregulated. Conclusion As a result, the axis of NEAT1 , miR-199a-5p , and BiP may have a role in the DN pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultra-low-voltage ultra-low-power operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is presented in this paper. The proposed topology based on a bulk driven input differential pair. Two separate capacitors have been used for compensation of the opamp where one of them is used in a signal path and another one in a non-signal path. The circuit is designed in the 0.18µm CMOS technology. The simulation results show that the amplifier has a 84.1dB open-loop DC gain and a unity gain-bandwidth of 81 KHz while operating at 0.5V supply voltage. The total power consumption is as low as 900nW which makes it suitable for low-power bio-medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and simulation results of fully integrated 5-GHz CMOS LNAs are presented in this paper. Three different input impedance matching techniques are considered. Using a simple L-C network, the parasitic input resistance of a MOSFET is converted to a 50 Ω resistance. As it is analytically proven, that is because the former methods enhance the gain of the LNA by a factor that is inversely proportional to MOSFET's input resistance. The effect of each input impedance matching on the amplifier's noise figure and gain is discussed. By employing the folded cascode configuration, these LNAs can operate at a reduced supply voltage and thus lower power consumption. To address the issue of nonlinearity in design of low voltage LNAs, a new linearization technique is employed. As a result, the IIP3 is improved extensively without sacrificing other parameters. These LNAs consume 1.3 mW power under a 0.6 V supply voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]