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Abstract Background Quality sleep is vital for well-being, especially for healthcare workers facing high risks of fatigue and burnout. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive and motor functions, contributing to medical errors. Addressing sleep disorders among healthcare professionals is crucial for enhancing patient care. Tailored interventions are needed to support their well-being and improve healthcare outcomes. Objective To evaluate the effect of Sleep Quality and its Deprivation on Sudanese Healthcare Professionals amidst conflict in Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of Sudanese doctors was conducted using convenience sampling. The questionnaire covered sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and psychological well-being. Pilot testing ensured questionnaire clarity. Data collection utilized Google Forms distributed through social media and professional networks. A minimum sample size of 384 was calculated. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and various tests for significance. Data were securely stored and analyzed using SPSS and R software. Results Among 649 participants, 404 (62.2%) were women, with a mean age of 30.34 years. Most were single (434, 66.9%). General practitioners constituted the largest professional group (267, 41.1%), followed by registrars/residents (142, 21.9%). Participants took an average of 43.70 minutes to fall asleep and slept an average of 5.90 hours per night. According to the PSQI, 300 (46.2%) reported mild sleep disturbance, 287 (44.2%) moderate, 42 (6.5%) severe, and only 20 (3.1%) normal sleep. The ESS revealed 285 (43.9%) with lower normal daytime sleepiness, 188 (29.0%) with higher normal, and various levels of excessive daytime sleepiness. Stress levels varied, with 398 (61.3%) reporting normal stress, while anxiety ranged from 248 (38.2%) normal to 148 (22.8%) extremely severe. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of addressing sleep quality, mental health, and performance challenges among Sudanese healthcare professionals. It highlights the need for hospitals to implement measures enabling more time off, adequate sleep, and reduced on-call service days. Healthcare workers must recognize the significance of these factors for their well-being and patient care quality. The research outcomes can raise awareness about the necessity of regulating healthcare practitioners' working hours and ensuring adequate sleep.

Abstract Background Ward rounds are a cornerstone in the educational experience of junior doctors and an essential part of teaching patient care. Here, we aimed to assess the doctors’ perception of ward rounds as an educational opportunity and to identify the obstacles faced in conducting a proper ward round in Sudanese hospitals. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from the 15th to the 30th of January 2022 among house officers, medical officers, and registrars in about 50 teaching and referral hospitals in Sudan. House officers and medical officers were considered the learners, while specialist registrars were considered the teachers. Doctors’ perceptions were assessed using an online questionnaire, with a 5-level Likert scale to answer questions. Results A total of 2,011 doctors participated in this study (882 house officers, 697 medical officers, and 432 registrars). The participants were aged 26.9 ± 3.2 years, and females constituted about 60% of the sample. An average of 3.1 ± 6.8 ward rounds were conducted per week in our hospitals, with 11.1 ± 20.3 h spent on ward rounds per week. Most doctors agreed that ward rounds are suitable for teaching patient management (91.3%) and diagnostic investigations (89.1%). Almost all the doctors agreed that being interested in teaching (95.1%) and communicating appropriately with the patients (94.7%) make a good teacher in ward rounds. Furthermore, nearly all the doctors agreed that being interested in learning (94.3%) and communicating appropriately with the teacher (94.5%) make a good student on ward rounds. About 92.8% of the doctors stated that the quality of ward rounds could be improved. The most frequently reported obstacles faced during ward rounds were the noise (70%) and lack of privacy (77%) in the ward environment. Conclusion Ward rounds have a special value in teaching patient diagnosis and management. Being interested in teaching/learning and having good communication skills were the two major criteria that make a good teacher/learner. Unfortunately, ward rounds are faced with obstacles related to the ward environment. It is mandatory to ensure the quality of both ward rounds' teaching and environment to optimize the educational value and subsequently improve patient care practice.

Objective: This case series was carried out to determine the efficacy of ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy as first line and minimally invasive treatment of varicose veins. Study Design: Prospective case series. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Vascular Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Malir from 1st January 2020 to 31 March 2021. Materials and Methods: Total one hundred patients with varicosities mainly of great saphenous vein (GSV) were included after detailed history and examination. Ultrasound Doppler was done to rule out deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and any secondary reason for varicose vein. Patients were followed up after 3 days, 10 days, 1month and 3 months with a Doppler ultrasound. Results: One hundred patients and 130 legs were studied. Age ranges from 30-60 years with mean of 39.75 years, 70 (70%) of the patients were males and 30 (30%) were females. 98 legs (75.38%) had varicosities of GSV, 10 legs (7.692%) with mixed great and small saphenous vein and 22 legs (16.92%) with isolated small saphenous vein. 25 patients (25%) developed pain at cannula site, 3 patients (3%) had bradycardia following procedure and 4 (4%) developed ulceration on skin at the site of cannulation. All patients were followed up for 3 months with a Doppler ultrasound and no recurrence was found post procedure. Average return period to normal function and work was 15 days. In terms of leg pain and physical functioning, patients who underwent intervention achieved health better in short term. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy is safe, least complicated, and efficacious management for varicose veins with minimal chance of technical failure. This being an outpatient procedure saves time and space for arterial casualties of a vascular surgeon.

In this paper, we construct a weighted 3 -simplicial complex S w = (V , E , F , T , w V , w E , w F , w T) on a connected oriented locally finite graph (V , E) by the introduction of the notion of oriented tetrahedrons T , the notion of oriented triangular faces F , a weight on V , a weight on E , a weight on F and a weight on T. Next, we create the weighted Gauss–Bonnet operator of S w and we use it to construct the weighted Laplacian associated to V , the weighted Laplacian associated to E , the weighted Laplacian associated to F , the weighted Laplacian associated to T and the weighted Laplacian associated to S w . After that, we introduce the notion of the χ -completeness of S w and we give necessary conditions for S w to be χ -complete. Finally, we prove that the weighted Gauss–Bonnet operator and the weighted Laplacians are essentially self-adjoint based on the χ -completeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we construct a weighted geometric realization of the set of 2-simplexes and 3-simplexes. On this weighted geometric realization, we create the Laplacian associated to 2-simplexes L S 2 and the Laplacian associated to 3-simplexes L S 3 . We prove that the nonzero spectrum of L S 2 is the same as the nonzero spectrum of L S 3 . For 0, we show that 0 belongs to the spectrum of L S 2 or to the spectrum of L S 3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce the notion of oriented triangular faces F , the notion of edges potential P E and the notion of triangular faces potential P F in a connected oriented locally finite graph (V , E) in order to construct a new framework that's we call the magnetic weighted 2 -simplicial complex M = (V , E , F , P E , P F). On this new magnetic weighted framework, we introduce the magnetic 0 -cochains set, the magnetic 1 -cochains set, the magnetic 2 -cochains set and the magnetic cochains set. After that, we construct the magnetic 0 -cochains Laplacian, the magnetic 1 -cochains Laplacian, the magnetic 2 -cochains Laplacian and the magnetic cochains Laplacian. Finally, we ensure essential self-adjointness for our new magnetic cochains Laplacians using the Stieltjes vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use the Nelson lemma to give a new proof for the essential self-adjointness of the discrete Laplace operator acting on 3-cochains, which we are defined in our previous paper [A. Baalal and K. Hatim, The discrete Laplacian of a 3-simplicial complex (2019), https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02105789 ]. Moreover, we establish on the infimum of the essential spectrum an upper bound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a rapidly developing tool within the medical landscape, globally aiding in diagnosis and healthcare management. However, its integration within healthcare systems remains varied across different regions. In Sudan, there exists a burgeoning interest in AI potential applications within medicine. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of AI applications in medicine among physicians in Sudan., Methods: The authors conducted a web-based survey cross-sectional analytical study using an online questionnaire-based survey regarding demographic details, knowledge, attitudes, and practice of AI distributing through various e-mail listings and social media platforms. A sample of 825 Physicians including doctors in Sudan with different ranks and specialties were selected using the convenient non-probability sampling technique., Result: Out of 825 Physicians, 666 (80.7%) of Physicians have previous knowledge about AI. However, only a small number 123 (14.9%) were taught about AI during their time in medical school, even fewer, just 120 (14.5%) had AI-related lessons in their training program. Regarding attitude, 675 (81.8%) agree that AI is very important in medicine, almost the same number, 681 (82.6%) support the idea of teaching AI in medical schools. Practically, 535 (64.8%) of doctors, think that should get special training in using AI tools in healthcare. Excitingly 651 (78.9%) of physicians are interested in working with AI in future. Based on different ranks of doctors toward AI; Medical Officers exhibited the highest proportion at (32.7%) of knowledge and understanding of AI concepts, followed by House Officers at (16.7%) ( p =0.076); regarding attitude, Medical Officers demonstrated the highest (31.6%) favorable attitude, followed by House Officers at (17.5%) ( p =0.229); In practice also, Medical Officer showed the highest portion (28.0%) among participants ( p =0.129)., Conclusion: While there is a positive attitude and some level of AI practice, there remains a considerable gap in knowledge that needs addressing., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, and /or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Successful and sustainable implementation of Competency-based Medical Education (CBME) programs is a significant and daunting challenge facing medical education worldwide. Our manuscript endorses for the first time, Systems Thinking as a concept for transforming and redesigning CBME programs employing the full 7-system elements as advocated by the Biomatrix Systems Theory. The majority of internationally recommended actions and processes for such an endeavor are highlighted, each within its system element. New innovative ideas such as having competency-structured clinical training activities as well as re-writing medical textbooks following a novel competency-based roadmap for their disease monographs etc. are also highlighted. Furthermore, the need for innovative partnerships as well as novel medical rotations that may facilitate the creation of "master clinicians" are also stressed., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright: Imad Salah Hassan et al.)