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Table S1. Primers used for quantitative PCR experiment. (DOCX 15 kb)

Table S2. Aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes. A list of probes aberrantly methylated belonging to differentially expressed genes in each cluster when compared to normal tissue samples. (DOCX 15 kb)

Mortality and morbidity associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing globally, partly due to lack of early detection of the disease. The screening is usually performed with colonoscopy, which is invasive and unpleasant, discouraging participation in the screening. As a source of noninvasive and easily accessible biomarkers, liquid biopsies are emerging. Blood-based biomarkers have the potential as diagnostic and prognostic tool in CRC. Early stage detection of CRC with high sensitivity and specificity would likely lead to higher participation in the screening test. It would also improve the prognosis of the disease and improve the recurrence risk. In this review, we summarize the potential biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of CRC.

Nove, t. i. »pametne« tiskarske barve, imajo različne kompleksne pigmente, ki so v večini primerov amorfne organske snovi. Njihova svetlobna obstojnost je praviloma majhna, občutljivi pa so tudi za visoke temperature in nekatere kemikalije. Pri naših raziskavah se že nekaj časa ukvarjamo s termokromnimi tiskarskimi barvami. Te imajo pigmente, ki so mikrokapsulirani termokromni kompoziti (levkobarvilo, razvijalec, topilo). Ti kompoziti so odgovorni za reverzibilno temperaturno odvisno spremembo barve. Vse komponente v takem kompozitu in tudi polimerni ovoj pigmentnih kapsul so nekristalne organske snovi. Da bi preverili njihovo svetlobno obstojnost in jo primerjali z obstojnostjo konvencionalnih tiskarskih barv, smo preizkusili tri različne komercialne tiskarske barve in učinkovitost dveh zaščitnih lakov. Dinamično barvo zaščitenih termokromnih vzorcev smo primerjali z lastnostmi nezaščitenih. Da bi analizirali fizikalne lastnosti vzorcev, smo njihovo površino jedkali s kisikovo plazmo in rezultate analizirali s SEM-posnetki.

The topological and electrical properties of screen-printed conductive lines, applying silver-based conductive ink are analyzed. The influence of the substrate, curing time and wet-to-wet overprinting is analyzed. The mechanicalprofilometer, optical microscope and SEM images did not give the same information about the topography of the prints. Areas without functional particles on the line boundaries could be seen on the SEM micrographs, whereasthe profilometer and optical microscope could not support such information, and thus provide wider lines. Careful analysis confirms that the printing parameters influence the electrical resistivity of the printed products. Overprinting does not influence a great deal on the shape of lines; however, these lines have a smaller resistivity. The larger resistivity of theprints was obtained on a rough and porous substrate and was smaller on the smooth one. The influence of curing time was also shown.

Leuco dye-based thermochromic printing inks are one of the candidates for active packaging of the future. Such an advanced application requires much more knowledge about these novel inks as it is currently provided by the manufacturers. Thermochromic inks reversibly change from colored to discolored state in a certain temperature region. Details of this change and the width of the temperature region required for it are characteristic properties of a selected ink. Inside this region the color of a sample depends on temperature and thermal history ; this is a color hysteresis, which contains a sort of memory. The activation temperature, which is the only parameter given by the producer to describe the change of color, does not reveal any characteristic properties of this temperature dependent color loop. Therefore other parameters were introduced to characterize the analyzed thermochromic inks. Thermochromic material is leuco dye-based composite which is protected in round-shaped capsules. They are much larger than pigments in conventional inks. Their large size can seriously influence the appearance of very thin layers, being the size of capsules. The polymer envelopes of pigment capsules are more stable against oxidation than the binder. If these envelopes are damaged, the dynamic color is irreversibly lost. The lightfastness of thermochromic samples is low. Thicker layers retain their dynamic color up to longer light exposures. Light changes color of the fully colored and totally discolored states and of all intermediate states ; the changes are larger in the colored state and smaller in the discolored one.

Selective etching with oxygen plasma is one of very few methods suitable for observation of pigments in dry coatings. The feasibility of this method for coating with microencapsulated organic chromogenic composite is studied here. The exposure time required to etch enough binder away is too long for particles’ polymer shells. Polymer envelopes of pigment capsules are much more stable against selective etching than the fully crosslinked binder itself.

Light with larger photon energy has a detrimental effect on colour and appearance over longer periods of time. Conventional printing inks usually have an acceptable lightfastness, mainly because of the high stability of applied pigments. On the contrary, novel smart printing inks have more sophisticated pigments which, in most cases, are not crystalline and therefore have a low resistance to light and also to high temperatures and some chemicals, thus needing additional protection. Our work is based on protection of thermochromic printing inks against UV light. Such inks have microencapsulated thermochromic composite (leuco dye, developer, solvent). A theromochromic ink applied in different thickness was tested. A lacquer was applied over printed samples as a protective layer. The dynamic colour of protected theromochromic layers was compared with the properties of the corresponding unprotected samples.

The main reactive plasma characteristics are presented with their applications for sterilization of different materials. Oxygen plasma destroys and erodes microorganism with UV radiation, chemical reactions and local heating. Tree mechanisms of interaction with microorganism are described. Advantages of plasma sterilization for air sterilization and solid materials including biocompatible materials are discussed, baring in mind the limitations and disadvantages of the same method. Prikazane so osnovne značilnosti reaktivnih plazem in njihova uporabnost za sterilizacijo različnih materialov. Kisikova plazma uničuje in razgrajuje mikroorganizme (tj. bakterije) z UV-sevanjem, kemijsko razgradnjo in lokalnim ogrevanjem. V prispevku kratko opišemo vse tri načine delovanja plazme na mikroorganizme in ugotavljamo primernost različnih metod za sterilizacijo zraka in trdih materialov s poudarkom na sterilizaciji biokompatibilnih materialov. Pri uporabi sterilizacije s kisikovo plazmo se moramo zavedati nekaterih omejitev in težav, ki pri tem nastopajo.