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1. Multi-Jet Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering with Pythia

Author

Helenius, Ilkka, Laulainen, Joni O., and Preuss, Christian T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We introduce multi-jet merging for deep inelastic scattering in the Vincia parton shower in the Monte Carlo event generator Pythia 8. Merging combines event samples of different parton multiplicities with logarithmically enhanced parton-shower radiation. We consider up to five outgoing partons using two different merging algorithms. We vary the relevant scale choices and compare to experimental data by H1 collaboration at the HERA collider. Results show that multi-jet merging improves description to data, especially for low virtuality events, and that jet cross-sections converge when the partonic multiplicity exceeds the number of reconstructed jets., Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures

Published
2024

2. Multi-Jet Merging in Deep Inelastic Scattering with Pythia

Author

Laulainen, Joni, Helenius, Ilkka, and Preuss, Christian T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We aim to improve the modelling of deep inelastic scattering by implementing multi-jet merging capabilities in Vincia parton shower in the general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator, Pythia. Merging allows to combine event samples of different parton multiplicities with logarithmically enhanced radiation from parton shower algorithms, without double-counting. Here we consider events up to five outgoing partons and present results for jet analyses compared to experimental data provided by the ZEUS and H1 collaborations of the HERA collider. The analyses span a wide range in photon virtuality, and the results show that the multi-jet merging improves jet modelling especially for low virtuality events., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, presented at the 31st International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS2024)

Published
2024

3. Constraining the impact of standard model phase transitions on primordial black holes

Author

Pritchard, Xavier and Byrnes, Christian T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Phase transitions in the early universe lead to a reduction in the equation of state of the primordial plasma. This exponentially enhances the formation rate of primordial black holes. However, this sensitivity to the equation of state is the same that primordial black hole abundances show to the primordial curvature power spectrum amplitude. In this paper, we investigate peaked power spectra and show the challenges associated with motivating populations of primordial black holes with standard model enhancements. The parametrisation of different power spectra plays an important role in this discussion. The allowed parameter space consistent with a large QCD phase transition impact on the primordial black hole abundance differs greatly. This is particularly evident for wider spectra., Comment: 18 pages plus appendices. 13 figures

Published
2024

4. Spectral distortions from acoustic dissipation with non-Gaussian (or not) perturbations

Author

Sharma, Devanshu, Lesgourgues, Julien, and Byrnes, Christian T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

A well-known route to form primordial black holes in the early universe relies on the existence of unusually large primordial curvature fluctuations, confined to a narrow range of wavelengths that would be too small to be constrained by Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies. This scenario would however boost the generation of $\mu$-type spectral distortions in the CMB due to an enhanced dissipation of acoustic waves. Previous studies of $\mu$-distortion bounds on the primordial spectrum were based on the assumptions of Gaussian primordial fluctuations. In this work, we push the calculation of $\mu$-distortions to one higher order in photon anisotropies. We discuss how to derive bounds on primordial spectrum peaks obeying non-Gaussian statistics under the assumption of local (perturbative or not) non-Gaussianity. We find that, depending on the value of the peak scale, the bounds may either remain stable or get tighter by several orders of magnitude, but only when the departure from Gaussian statistics is very strong. Our results are translated in terms of bounds on primordial supermassive black hole mass in a companion paper., Comment: 48 pages, 11 figures, minor typo is corrected

Published
2024

5. Robust $\mu$-distortion constraints on primordial supermassive black holes from non-Gaussian perturbations

Author

Byrnes, Christian T., Lesgourgues, Julien, and Sharma, Devanshu

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Explaining the origin of supermassive black holes via a primordial origin is severely challenged by the tight spectral distortion constraints on the amplitude of the primordial perturbations. Following the first calculation of how the $\mu$ constraints are modified by non-Gaussianity in a companion paper, we here make the first robust constraints on primordial black hole formation under large non-Gaussianity. Even the infinite $f_{\rm NL}$ limit is insufficiently non-Gaussian but much higher-order non-Gaussianity of the form ${\cal R}={\cal R}_{\rm G}^5$ may allow the formation of any mass primordial black hole without conflicting with distortion constraints. We caution that such extreme models face other challenges., Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures. v2: Minor typos corrected and references added to match the published version

Published
2024

6. Spin-selective coherent light scattering from ion crystals

Author

Verde, Maurizio, Schaefer, Ansgar, Zenz, Benjamin, Shehata, Zyad, Richter, Stefan, Schmiegelow, Christian T., von Zanthier, Joachim, and Schmidt-Kaler, Ferdinand

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We study collective light scattering from linear crystals with up to twelve $^{40}\text{Ca}^+$ ions, acting as coherent single photon emitters. Light-scattering is induced by two-photon laser excitation, starting from the S$_{1/2}$ to D$_{5/2}$ quadrupole transition at 729~nm in combination with laser excitation of the D$_{5/2}$ to P$_{3/2}$ dipole transition at 854~nm, followed by a decay back to S$_{1/2}$ via a single photon emission near 393~nm. The scattered intensity is recorded in the far field, featuring the interference of emitted light fields of the entire crystal. Furthermore, we demonstrate spin-dependent coherent scattering and unveil the time evolution of a previously encoded spin texture in a crystal employing the recorded dynamics of the spatial frequency components of the fringe pattern.

Published
2024

7. A partitioned dipole-antenna shower with improved transverse recoil

Author

Preuss, Christian T

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The implementation of a new final-state parton-shower algorithm in the Pythia event generator is described. The shower algorithm, dubbed Apollo, combines central aspects of the Vincia antenna shower with the global transverse-recoil scheme of the Alaric framework in order to achieve formal consistency with next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) resummation. The shower algorithm is constructed in such a way that it facilitates a straightforward combination with fixed-order calculations. As an explicit proof of concept, a general scheme for matrix-element corrections (MECs) and two separate multiplicative next-to-leading order (NLO) matching schemes are outlined. It is argued that both matching schemes retain the logarithmic accuracy of the shower. The improved modelling of radiation is examined by contrasting the new algorithm with existing leading-logarithmic parton showers in Pythia., Comment: 33 pages, 6 figures; matches version accepted for publication in JHEP

Published
2024

8. NLO+NLL' accurate predictions for three-jet event shapes in hadronic Higgs decays

Author

Ridder, Aude Gehrmann-De, Preuss, Christian T, Reichelt, Daniel, and Schumann, Steffen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present resummed predictions at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy matched to the exact next-to-leading order results for a set of classical event-shape observables in hadronic Higgs decays, i.e., for the channels $H\to gg$ and $H\to b\bar{b}$. We furthermore consider soft-drop grooming of the hadronic final states and derive corresponding $\text{NLO}+\text{NLL}^\prime$ predictions for the groomed thrust observable. Differences in the QCD radiation pattern of gluon- and quark-initiated final states are imprinted in the event-shape distributions, offering separation power for the two decay channels. In particular, we show that ungroomed event shapes in $H\to gg$ decays develop a considerably harder spectrum than in $H\to b\bar b$ decays. We highlight that soft-drop grooming can substantially alter this behaviour, unless rather inclusive grooming parameters are chosen., Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, version accepted for publication in JHEP

Published
2024

9. Effectiveness of ex ante honesty oaths in reducing dishonesty depends on content

Author

Zickfeld, Janis H., Ścigała, Karolina A., Elbæk, Christian T., Michael, John, Tønnesen, Mathilde H., Levy, Gabriel, Ayal, Shahar, Thielmann, Isabel, Nockur, Laila, Peer, Eyal, Capraro, Valerio, Barkan, Rachel, Bø, Simen, Bahník, Štěpán, Nosenzo, Daniele, Hertwig, Ralph, Mazar, Nina, Weiss, Alexa, Koessler, Ann-Kathrin, Montal-Rosenberg, Ronit, Hafenbrädl, Sebastian, Nielsen, Yngwie Asbjørn, Kanngiesser, Patricia, Schindler, Simon, Gerlach, Philipp, Köbis, Nils, Jacquemet, Nicolas, Vranka, Marek, Ariely, Dan, Martuza, Jareef Bin, Feldman, Yuval, Białek, Michał, Woike, Jan K., Rahwan, Zoe, Seidl, Alicia, Chou, Eileen, Kajackaite, Agne, Schudy, Simeon, Glogowsky, Ulrich, Czarna, Anna Z., Pfattheicher, Stefan, and Mitkidis, Panagiotis

Published
2024
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10. Clonal hematopoiesis, cardiovascular events and treatment benefit in 63,700 individuals from five TIMI randomized trials

Author

Marston, Nicholas A., Pirruccello, James P., Melloni, Giorgio E. M., Kamanu, Frederick, Bonaca, Marc P., Giugliano, Robert P., Scirica, Benjamin M., Wiviott, Stephen D., Bhatt, Deepak L., Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Raz, Itamar, Braunwald, Eugene, Libby, Peter, Ellinor, Patrick T., Bick, Alexander G., Sabatine, Marc S., and Ruff, Christian T.

Published
2024
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12. A comparative study of flavour-sensitive observables in hadronic Higgs decays

Author

Aveleira, Benjamin Campillo, Ridder, Aude Gehrmann-De, and Preuss, Christian T

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Jet production from hadronic Higgs decays at future lepton colliders will have significantly different phenomenological implications than jet production via off-shell photon and $Z$-boson decays, owing to the fact that Higgs bosons decay to both pairs of quarks and gluons. We compute observables involving flavoured jets in hadronic Higgs decays to three partons at Born level including next-to-leading order corrections in QCD (i.e up to $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_\mathrm{S}^2))$. The calculation is performed in the framework of an effective theory in which the Higgs boson couples directly to gluons and massless $b$-quarks retaining a non-vanishing Yukawa coupling. For the energy of the leading and subleading flavoured jet, the angular separation and the invariant mass of the leading $b$-$\bar{b}$ pair, we contrast the results obtained in both Higgs decay categories and using either of the infrared-safe flavoured jet algorithms flavour-$k_\mathrm{T}$ and flavour-dressing., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

17. NNLO Matrix-Element Corrections in VINCIA

Author

Skands, Peter and Preuss, Christian T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report on a new formalism for parton showers whose fixed-order expansion can be corrected through next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. It is the first such formalism we are aware of that has no dependence on any auxiliary scales or external resummations and which is fully differential in all of the relevant phase spaces. Since the shower acts as the phase-space generator, the dominant singularity structures are encoded by construction and the method can generate unweighted events with very high efficiency without any significant initialisation time. We argue that the the method should be capable of achieving (at least) NNLO+NNDL accuracy for the shower evolution variable and use hadronic Z decays as a specific example., Comment: Contribution to RADCOR 2023; 9 pages

Published
2023

18. Four-jet event shapes in hadronic Higgs decays

Author

Ridder, Aude Gehrmann-De, Preuss, Christian T, and Williams, Ciaran

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions for four-jet-like event-shape observables in hadronic Higgs decays. To this end, we take into account two Higgs-decay categories: involving either the Yukawa-induced decay to a $b\bar{b}$ pair or the loop-induced decay to two gluons via an effective Higgs-gluon-gluon coupling. We present results for distributions related to the event-shape variables thrust minor, light-hemisphere mass, narrow jet broadening, $D$-parameter, and Durham four-to-three-jet transition variable. For each of these observables we study the impact of higher-order corrections and compare their size and shape in the two Higgs-decay categories. We find large NLO corrections with a visible shape difference between the two decay modes, leading to a significant shift of the peak in distributions related to the $H\to gg$ decay mode., Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, matches version published in JHEP

Published
2023

19. Gas clumping in the outskirts of galaxy clusters, an assessment of the sensitivity of STAR-X

Author

Norseth, Christian T., Wik, Daniel R., ZuHone, John A., Miller, Eric D., Bautz, Marshall W., and McDonald, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

In the outskirts of galaxy clusters, entropy profiles measured from X-ray observations of the hot intracluster medium (ICM) drops off unexpectedly. One possible explanation for this effect is gas clumping, where pockets of cooler and denser structures within the ICM are present. Current observatories are unable to directly detect these hypothetical gas clumps. One of the science drivers of the proposed STAR-X observatory is to resolve these or similar structures. Its high spatial resolution, large effective area, and low instrumental background make STAR-X ideal for directly detecting and characterizing clumps and diffuse emission in cluster outskirts. The aim of this work is to simulate observations of clumping in clusters to determine how well STAR-X will be able to detect clumps, as well as what clumping properties reproduce observed entropy profiles. This is achieved by using yt, pyXSIM, SOXS, and other tools to inject ideally modeled clumps into three-dimensional models derived from actual clusters using their observed profiles from other X-ray missions. Radial temperature and surface brightness profiles are then extracted from mock observations using concentric annuli. We find that in simulated observations for STAR-X, a parameter space of clump properties exists where gas clumps can be successfully identified using wavdetect and masked, and are able to recover the true cluster profiles. This demonstrates that STAR-X could be capable of detecting substructure in the outskirts of nearby clusters and that the properties of both the outskirts and the clumps will be revealed., Comment: This article has been accepted for publication in RAS Techniques and Instruments \c{opyright}: 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. The version of record is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/rasti/article/doi/10.1093/rasti/rzad042/7258824

Published
2023
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21. Isotopic evidence of acetate turnover in Precambrian continental fracture fluids

Author

Elliott P. Mueller, Juliann Panehal, Alexander Meshoulam, Min Song, Christian T. Hansen, Oliver Warr, Jason Boettger, Verena B. Heuer, Wolfgang Bach, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, John M. Eiler, Victoria Orphan, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, and Alex L. Sessions

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The deep continental crust represents a vast potential habitat for microbial life where its activity remains poorly constrained. Organic acids like acetate are common in these ecosystems, but their role in the subsurface carbon cycle - including the mechanism and rate of their turnover - is still unclear. Here, we develop an isotope-exchange ‘clock’ based on the abiotic equilibration of H-isotopes between acetate and water, which can be used to define the maximum in situ acetate residence time. We apply this technique to the fracture fluids in Birchtree and Kidd Creek mines within the Canadian Precambrian crust. At both sites, we find that acetate residence times are

Published
2024
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22. The International Climate Psychology Collaboration: Climate change-related data collected from 63 countries

Author

Kimberly C. Doell, Boryana Todorova, Madalina Vlasceanu, Joseph B. Bak Coleman, Ekaterina Pronizius, Philipp Schumann, Flavio Azevedo, Yash Patel, Michael M. Berkebile-Wineberg, Cameron Brick, Florian Lange, Samantha J. Grayson, Yifei Pei, Alek Chakroff, Karlijn L. van den Broek, Claus Lamm, Denisa Vlasceanu, Sara M. Constantino, Steve Rathje, Danielle Goldwert, Ke Fang, Salvatore Maria Aglioti, Mark Alfano, Andy J. Alvarado-Yepez, Angélica Andersen, Frederik Anseel, Matthew A. J. Apps, Chillar Asadli, Fonda Jane Awuor, Piero Basaglia, Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Sebastian Berger, Paul Bertin, Michał Białek, Olga Bialobrzeska, Michelle Blaya-Burgo, Daniëlle N. M. Bleize, Simen Bø, Lea Boecker, Paulo S. Boggio, Sylvie Borau, Björn Bos, Ayoub Bouguettaya, Markus Brauer, Tymofii Brik, Roman Briker, Tobias Brosch, Ondrej Buchel, Daniel Buonauro, Radhika Butalia, Héctor Carvacho, Sarah A. E. Chamberlain, Hang-Yee Chan, Dawn Chow, Dongil Chung, Luca Cian, Noa Cohen-Eick, Luis Sebastian Contreras-Huerta, Davide Contu, Vladimir Cristea, Jo Cutler, Silvana D’Ottone, Jonas De keersmaecker, Sarah Delcourt, Sylvain Delouvée, Kathi Diel, Benjamin D. Douglas, Moritz A. Drupp, Shreya Dubey, Jānis Ekmanis, Christian T. Elbaek, Mahmoud Elsherif, Iris M. Engelhard, Yannik A. Escher, Tom W. Etienne, Laura Farage, Ana Rita Farias, Stefan Feuerriegel, Andrej Findor, Lucia Freira, Malte Friese, Neil Philip Gains, Albina Gallyamova, Sandra J. Geiger, Oliver Genschow, Biljana Gjoneska, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Beth Goldberg, Amit Goldenberg, Sarah Gradidge, Simone Grassini, Kurt Gray, Sonja Grelle, Siobhán M. Griffin, Lusine Grigoryan, Ani Grigoryan, Dmitry Grigoryev, June Gruber, Johnrev Guilaran, Britt Hadar, Ulf J. J. Hahnel, Eran Halperin, Annelie J. Harvey, Christian A. P. Haugestad, Aleksandra M. Herman, Hal E. Hershfield, Toshiyuki Himichi, Donald W. Hine, Wilhelm Hofmann, Lauren Howe, Enma T. Huaman-Chulluncuy, Guanxiong Huang, Tatsunori Ishii, Ayahito Ito, Fanli Jia, John T. Jost, Veljko Jovanović, Dominika Jurgiel, Ondřej Kácha, Reeta Kankaanpää, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Keren Kaplan Mintz, Ilker Kaya, Ozgur Kaya, Narine Khachatryan, Anna Klas, Colin Klein, Christian A. Klöckner, Lina Koppel, Alexandra I. Kosachenko, Emily J. Kothe, Ruth Krebs, Amy R. Krosch, Andre P. M. Krouwel, Yara Kyrychenko, Maria Lagomarsino, Julia Lee Cunningham, Jeffrey Lees, Tak Yan Leung, Neil Levy, Patricia L. Lockwood, Chiara Longoni, Alberto López Ortega, David D. Loschelder, Jackson G. Lu, Yu Luo, Joseph Luomba, Annika E. Lutz, Johann M. Majer, Ezra Markowitz, Abigail A. Marsh, Karen Louise Mascarenhas, Bwambale Mbilingi, Winfred Mbungu, Cillian McHugh, Marijn H. C. Meijers, Hugo Mercier, Fenant Laurent Mhagama, Katerina Michalaki, Nace Mikus, Sarah G. Milliron, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Fredy S. Monge-Rodríguez, Youri L. Mora, Michael J. Morais, David Moreau, Kosuke Motoki, Manuel Moyano, Mathilde Mus, Joaquin Navajas, Tam Luong Nguyen, Dung Minh Nguyen, Trieu Nguyen, Laura Niemi, Sari R. R. Nijssen, Gustav Nilsonne, Jonas P. Nitschke, Laila Nockur, Ritah Okura, Sezin Öner, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Helena Palumbo, Costas Panagopoulos, Maria Serena Panasiti, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Yuri G. Pavlov, César Payán-Gómez, Adam R. Pearson, Leonor Pereira da Costa, Hannes M. Petrowsky, Stefan Pfattheicher, Nhat Tan Pham, Vladimir Ponizovskiy, Clara Pretus, Gabriel G. Rêgo, Ritsaart Reimann, Shawn A. Rhoads, Julian Riano-Moreno, Isabell Richter, Jan Philipp Röer, Jahred Rosa-Sullivan, Robert M. Ross, Anandita Sabherwal, Toshiki Saito, Oriane Sarrasin, Nicolas Say, Katharina Schmid, Michael T. Schmitt, Philipp Schoenegger, Christin Scholz, Mariah G. Schug, Stefan Schulreich, Ganga Shreedhar, Eric Shuman, Smadar Sivan, Hallgeir Sjåstad, Meikel Soliman, Katia Soud, Tobia Spampatti, Gregg Sparkman, Ognen Spasovski, Samantha K. Stanley, Jessica A. Stern, Noel Strahm, Yasushi Suko, Sunhae Sul, Stylianos Syropoulos, Neil C. Taylor, Elisa Tedaldi, Gustav Tinghög, Luu Duc Toan Huynh, Giovanni Antonio Travaglino, Manos Tsakiris, İlayda Tüter, Michael Tyrala, Özden Melis Uluğ, Arkadiusz Urbanek, Danila Valko, Sander van der Linden, Kevin van Schie, Aart van Stekelenburg, Edmunds Vanags, Daniel Västfjäll, Stepan Vesely, Jáchym Vintr, Marek Vranka, Patrick Otuo Wanguche, Robb Willer, Adrian Dominik Wojcik, Rachel Xu, Anjali Yadav, Magdalena Zawisza, Xian Zhao, Jiaying Zhao, Dawid Żuk, and Jay J. Van Bavel

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Climate change is currently one of humanity’s greatest threats. To help scholars understand the psychology of climate change, we conducted an online quasi-experimental survey on 59,508 participants from 63 countries (collected between July 2022 and July 2023). In a between-subjects design, we tested 11 interventions designed to promote climate change mitigation across four outcomes: climate change belief, support for climate policies, willingness to share information on social media, and performance on an effortful pro-environmental behavioural task. Participants also reported their demographic information (e.g., age, gender) and several other independent variables (e.g., political orientation, perceptions about the scientific consensus). In the no-intervention control group, we also measured important additional variables, such as environmentalist identity and trust in climate science. We report the collaboration procedure, study design, raw and cleaned data, all survey materials, relevant analysis scripts, and data visualisations. This dataset can be used to further the understanding of psychological, demographic, and national-level factors related to individual-level climate action and how these differ across countries.

Published
2024
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23. A general algorithm to build mixed real and virtual antenna functions for higher-order calculations

Author

Braun-White, Oscar, Glover, Nigel, and Preuss, Christian T

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The antenna-subtraction technique has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in providing next-to-next-to-leading order in $\alpha_s$ (NNLO) predictions for a wide range of processes relevant for the Large Hadron Collider. In a previous paper [1], we demonstrated how to build real-radiation antenna functions for any number of real emissions directly from a specified list of unresolved limits. Here, we extend this procedure to the mixed case of real and virtual radiation, for any number of real and virtual emissions. A novel feature of the algorithm is the requirement to match the antenna constructed with the correct unresolved limits to the other elements of the subtraction scheme. We discuss how this can be achieved and provide a full set of real-virtual NNLO antenna functions (together with their integration over the final-final unresolved phase space). We demonstrate that these antennae can be combined with the real-radiation antennae of Ref. [1] to form a consistent NNLO subtraction scheme that cancels all explicit and implicit singularities at NNLO. We anticipate that the improved antenna functions should be more amenable to automation, thereby making the construction of subtraction terms for more complicated processes simpler at NNLO., Comment: 43 pages; matches version published in JHEP

Published
2023

24. Trapped atoms in spatially-structured vector light fields

Author

Verde, Maurizio, Schmiegelow, Christian T., Poschinger, Ulrich, and Schmidt-Kaler, Ferdinand

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Spatially-structured laser beams, eventually carrying orbital angular momentum, affect electronic transitions of atoms and their motional states in a complex way. We present a general framework, based on the spherical tensor decomposition of the interaction Hamiltonian, for computing atomic transition matrix elements for light fields of arbitrary spatial mode and polarization structures. We study both the bare electronic matrix elements, corresponding to transitions with no coupling to the atomic center-of-mass motion, as well as the matrix elements describing the coupling to the quantized atomic motion in the resolved side-band regime. We calculate the spatial dependence of electronic and motional matrix elements for tightly focused Hermite-Gaussian, Laguerre-Gaussian and for radially and azimuthally polarized beams. We show that near the diffraction limit, all these beams exhibit longitudinal fields and field gradients, which strongly affect the selection rules and could be used to tailor the light-matter interaction. The presented framework is useful for describing trapped atoms or ions in spatially-structured light fields and therefore for designing new protocols and setups in quantum optics, -sensing and -information processing.

Published
2023
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26. The International Climate Psychology Collaboration: Climate change-related data collected from 63 countries

Author

Doell, Kimberly C., Todorova, Boryana, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Bak Coleman, Joseph B., Pronizius, Ekaterina, Schumann, Philipp, Azevedo, Flavio, Patel, Yash, Berkebile-Wineberg, Michael M., Brick, Cameron, Lange, Florian, Grayson, Samantha J., Pei, Yifei, Chakroff, Alek, van den Broek, Karlijn L., Lamm, Claus, Vlasceanu, Denisa, Constantino, Sara M., Rathje, Steve, Goldwert, Danielle, Fang, Ke, Aglioti, Salvatore Maria, Alfano, Mark, Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J., Andersen, Angélica, Anseel, Frederik, Apps, Matthew A. J., Asadli, Chillar, Awuor, Fonda Jane, Basaglia, Piero, Bélanger, Jocelyn J., Berger, Sebastian, Bertin, Paul, Białek, Michał, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Blaya-Burgo, Michelle, Bleize, Daniëlle N. M., Bø, Simen, Boecker, Lea, Boggio, Paulo S., Borau, Sylvie, Borau, Sylvie, Bos, Björn, Bouguettaya, Ayoub, Brauer, Markus, Brik, Tymofii, Briker, Roman, Brosch, Tobias, Buchel, Ondrej, Buonauro, Daniel, Butalia, Radhika, Carvacho, Héctor, Chamberlain, Sarah A. E., Chan, Hang-Yee, Chow, Dawn, Chung, Dongil, Cian, Luca, Cohen-Eick, Noa, Contreras-Huerta, Luis Sebastian, Contu, Davide, Cristea, Vladimir, Cutler, Jo, D’Ottone, Silvana, De keersmaecker, Jonas, Delcourt, Sarah, Delouvée, Sylvain, Diel, Kathi, Douglas, Benjamin D., Drupp, Moritz A., Dubey, Shreya, Ekmanis, Jānis, Elbaek, Christian T., Elsherif, Mahmoud, Engelhard, Iris M., Escher, Yannik A., Etienne, Tom W., Farage, Laura, Farias, Ana Rita, Feuerriegel, Stefan, Findor, Andrej, Freira, Lucia, Friese, Malte, Gains, Neil Philip, Gallyamova, Albina, Geiger, Sandra J., Genschow, Oliver, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Goldberg, Beth, Goldenberg, Amit, Gradidge, Sarah, Grassini, Simone, Gray, Kurt, Grelle, Sonja, Griffin, Siobhán M., Grigoryan, Lusine, Grigoryan, Ani, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Gruber, June, Guilaran, Johnrev, Hadar, Britt, Hahnel, Ulf J. J., Halperin, Eran, Harvey, Annelie J., Haugestad, Christian A. P., Herman, Aleksandra M., Hershfield, Hal E., Himichi, Toshiyuki, Hine, Donald W., Hofmann, Wilhelm, Howe, Lauren, Huaman-Chulluncuy, Enma T., Huang, Guanxiong, Ishii, Tatsunori, Ito, Ayahito, Jia, Fanli, Jost, John T., Jovanović, Veljko, Jurgiel, Dominika, Kácha, Ondřej, Kankaanpää, Reeta, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Mintz, Keren Kaplan, Kaya, Ilker, Kaya, Ozgur, Khachatryan, Narine, Klas, Anna, Klein, Colin, Klöckner, Christian A., Koppel, Lina, Kosachenko, Alexandra I., Kothe, Emily J., Krebs, Ruth, Krosch, Amy R., Krouwel, Andre P. M., Kyrychenko, Yara, Lagomarsino, Maria, Cunningham, Julia Lee, Lees, Jeffrey, Leung, Tak Yan, Levy, Neil, Lockwood, Patricia L., Longoni, Chiara, Ortega, Alberto López, Loschelder, David D., Lu, Jackson G., Luo, Yu, Luomba, Joseph, Lutz, Annika E., Majer, Johann M., Markowitz, Ezra, Marsh, Abigail A., Mascarenhas, Karen Louise, Mbilingi, Bwambale, Mbungu, Winfred, McHugh, Cillian, Meijers, Marijn H. C., Mercier, Hugo, Mhagama, Fenant Laurent, Michalaki, Katerina, Mikus, Nace, Milliron, Sarah G., Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monge-Rodríguez, Fredy S., Mora, Youri L., Morais, Michael J., Moreau, David, Motoki, Kosuke, Moyano, Manuel, Mus, Mathilde, Navajas, Joaquin, Nguyen, Tam Luong, Nguyen, Dung Minh, Nguyen, Trieu, Niemi, Laura, Nijssen, Sari R. R., Nilsonne, Gustav, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nockur, Laila, Okura, Ritah, Öner, Sezin, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Palumbo, Helena, Panagopoulos, Costas, Panasiti, Maria Serena, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlov, Yuri G., Payán-Gómez, César, Pearson, Adam R., da Costa, Leonor Pereira, Petrowsky, Hannes M., Pfattheicher, Stefan, Pham, Nhat Tan, Ponizovskiy, Vladimir, Pretus, Clara, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Reimann, Ritsaart, Rhoads, Shawn A., Riano-Moreno, Julian, Richter, Isabell, Röer, Jan Philipp, Rosa-Sullivan, Jahred, Ross, Robert M., Sabherwal, Anandita, Saito, Toshiki, Sarrasin, Oriane, Say, Nicolas, Schmid, Katharina, Schmitt, Michael T., Schoenegger, Philipp, Scholz, Christin, Schug, Mariah G., Schulreich, Stefan, Shreedhar, Ganga, Shuman, Eric, Sivan, Smadar, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Soliman, Meikel, Soud, Katia, Spampatti, Tobia, Sparkman, Gregg, Spasovski, Ognen, Stanley, Samantha K., Stern, Jessica A., Strahm, Noel, Suko, Yasushi, Sul, Sunhae, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Taylor, Neil C., Tedaldi, Elisa, Tinghög, Gustav, Huynh, Luu Duc Toan, Travaglino, Giovanni Antonio, Tsakiris, Manos, Tüter, İlayda, Tyrala, Michael, Uluğ, Özden Melis, Urbanek, Arkadiusz, Valko, Danila, van der Linden, Sander, van Schie, Kevin, van Stekelenburg, Aart, Vanags, Edmunds, Västfjäll, Daniel, Vesely, Stepan, Vintr, Jáchym, Vranka, Marek, Wanguche, Patrick Otuo, Willer, Robb, Wojcik, Adrian Dominik, Xu, Rachel, Yadav, Anjali, Zawisza, Magdalena, Zhao, Xian, Zhao, Jiaying, Żuk, Dawid, and Van Bavel, Jay J.

Published
2024
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30. Molecular characterization of non-aureus staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus from Hipposideros bats in Southwest Nigeria

Author

Adesoji, Tomiwa O., George, Uwem E., Sulayman, Taofiq A., Uwanibe, Jessica N., Olawoye, Idowu B., Igbokwe, Joseph O., Olanipekun, Tobi G., Adeleke, Richard A., Akindoyin, Akintayo I., Famakinwa, Temitope J., Adamu, Andrew M., Terkuma, Christabel A., Ezekiel, Grace O., Eromon, Philomena E., Happi, Anise N., Fadare, Taiwo O., Shittu, Adebayo O., and Happi, Christian T.

Published
2024
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31. Biallelic human SHARPIN loss of function induces autoinflammation and immunodeficiency

Author

Oda, Hirotsugu, Manthiram, Kalpana, Chavan, Pallavi Pimpale, Rieser, Eva, Veli, Önay, Kaya, Öykü, Rauch, Charles, Nakabo, Shuichiro, Kuehn, Hye Sun, Swart, Mariël, Wang, Yanli, Çelik, Nisa Ilgim, Molitor, Anne, Ziaee, Vahid, Movahedi, Nasim, Shahrooei, Mohammad, Parvaneh, Nima, Alipour-olyei, Nasrin, Carapito, Raphael, Xu, Qin, Preite, Silvia, Beck, David B., Chae, Jae Jin, Nehrebecky, Michele, Ombrello, Amanda K., Hoffmann, Patrycja, Romeo, Tina, Deuitch, Natalie T., Matthíasardóttir, Brynja, Mullikin, James, Komarow, Hirsh, Stoddard, Jennifer, Niemela, Julie, Dobbs, Kerry, Sweeney, Colin L., Anderton, Holly, Lawlor, Kate E., Yoshitomi, Hiroyuki, Yang, Dan, Boehm, Manfred, Davis, Jeremy, Mudd, Pamela, Randazzo, Davide, Tsai, Wanxia Li, Gadina, Massimo, Kaplan, Mariana J., Toguchida, Junya, Mayer, Christian T., Rosenzweig, Sergio D., Notarangelo, Luigi D., Iwai, Kazuhiro, Silke, John, Schwartzberg, Pamela L., Boisson, Bertrand, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Bahram, Seiamak, Rao, Anand Prahalad, Peltzer, Nieves, Walczak, Henning, Lalaoui, Najoua, Aksentijevich, Ivona, and Kastner, Daniel L.

Published
2024
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32. Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Author

Suzuki, Ken, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Southam, Lorraine, Taylor, Henry J., Yin, Xianyong, Lorenz, Kim M., Mandla, Ravi, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Melloni, Giorgio E. M., Kanoni, Stavroula, Rayner, Nigel W., Bocher, Ozvan, Arruda, Ana Luiza, Sonehara, Kyuto, Namba, Shinichi, Lee, Simon S. K., Preuss, Michael H., Petty, Lauren E., Schroeder, Philip, Vanderwerff, Brett, Kals, Mart, Bragg, Fiona, Lin, Kuang, Guo, Xiuqing, Zhang, Weihua, Yao, Jie, Kim, Young Jin, Graff, Mariaelisa, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Nano, Jana, Lamri, Amel, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Moon, Sanghoon, Scott, Robert A., Cook, James P., Lee, Jung-Jin, Pan, Ian, Taliun, Daniel, Parra, Esteban J., Chai, Jin-Fang, Bielak, Lawrence F., Tabara, Yasuharu, Hai, Yang, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Grarup, Niels, Sofer, Tamar, Wuttke, Matthias, Sarnowski, Chloé, Gieger, Christian, Nousome, Darryl, Trompet, Stella, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Long, Jirong, Sun, Meng, Tong, Lin, Chen, Wei-Min, Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Noordam, Raymond, Lim, Victor J. Y., Tam, Claudia H. T., Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Raffield, Laura M., Prins, Bram Peter, Nicolas, Aude, Yanek, Lisa R., Chen, Guanjie, Brody, Jennifer A., Kabagambe, Edmond, An, Ping, Xiang, Anny H., Choi, Hyeok Sun, Cade, Brian E., Tan, Jingyi, Broadaway, K. Alaine, Williamson, Alice, Kamali, Zoha, Cui, Jinrui, Thangam, Manonanthini, Adair, Linda S., Adeyemo, Adebowale, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Anand, Sonia S., Bertoni, Alain, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Buchanan, Thomas A., Burant, Charles F., Butterworth, Adam S., Canouil, Mickaël, Chan, Juliana C. N., Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Ji, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Cushman, Mary, Danesh, John, Das, Swapan K., de Silva, H. Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Doumatey, Ayo P., Du, Shufa, Duan, Qing, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Emery, Leslie S., Evans, Daniel S., Evans, Michele K., Fischer, Krista, Floyd, James S., Ford, Ian, Franco, Oscar H., Frayling, Timothy M., Freedman, Barry I., Genter, Pauline, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Giedraitis, Vilmantas, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, González-Villalpando, Maria Elena, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gross, Myron, Guare, Lindsay A., Hackinger, Sophie, Hakaste, Liisa, Han, Sohee, Hattersley, Andrew T., Herder, Christian, Horikoshi, Momoko, Howard, Annie-Green, Hsueh, Willa, Huang, Mengna, Huang, Wei, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, Mohammad Arfan, Ingelsson, Martin, Islam, Md. Tariqul, Isono, Masato, Jang, Hye-Mi, Jasmine, Farzana, Jiang, Guozhi, Jonas, Jost B., Jørgensen, Torben, Kamanu, Frederick K., Kandeel, Fouad R., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kaur, Varinderpal, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Keaton, Jacob M., Kho, Abel N., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kibriya, Muhammad G., Kim, Duk-Hwan, Kronenberg, Florian, Kuusisto, Johanna, Läll, Kristi, Lange, Leslie A., Lee, Kyung Min, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Nanette R., Leong, Aaron, Li, Liming, Li, Yun, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Ligthart, Symen, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Locke, Adam E., Louie, Tin, Luan, Jian’an, Luk, Andrea O., Luo, Xi, Lv, Jun, Lynch, Julie A., Lyssenko, Valeriya, Maeda, Shiro, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mansuri, Sohail Rafik, Matsuda, Koichi, Meitinger, Thomas, Melander, Olle, Metspalu, Andres, Mo, Huan, Morris, Andrew D., Moura, Filipe A., Nadler, Jerry L., Nalls, Michael A., Nayak, Uma, Ntalla, Ioanna, Okada, Yukinori, Orozco, Lorena, Patel, Sanjay R., Patil, Snehal, Pei, Pei, Pereira, Mark A., Peters, Annette, Pirie, Fraser J., Polikowsky, Hannah G., Porneala, Bianca, Prasad, Gauri, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Reiner, Alexander P., Roden, Michael, Rohde, Rebecca, Roll, Katheryn, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Sankareswaran, Alagu, Sattar, Naveed, Schönherr, Sebastian, Shahriar, Mohammad, Shen, Botong, Shi, Jinxiu, Shin, Dong Mun, Shojima, Nobuhiro, Smith, Jennifer A., So, Wing Yee, Stančáková, Alena, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stilp, Adrienne M., Strauch, Konstantin, Taylor, Kent D., Thorand, Barbara, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tomlinson, Brian, Tran, Tam C., Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie-Luna, Teresa, Udler, Miriam S., Valladares-Salgado, Adan, van Dam, Rob M., van Klinken, Jan B., Varma, Rohit, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Wheeler, Eleanor, Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., van Dijk, Ko Willems, Witte, Daniel R., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yamamoto, Ken, Yamamoto, Kenichi, Yoon, Kyungheon, Yu, Canqing, Yuan, Jian-Min, Yusuf, Salim, Zawistowski, Matthew, Zhang, Liang, Zheng, Wei, Raffel, Leslie J., Igase, Michiya, Ipp, Eli, Redline, Susan, Cho, Yoon Shin, Lind, Lars, Province, Michael A., Fornage, Myriam, Hanis, Craig L., Ingelsson, Erik, Zonderman, Alan B., Psaty, Bruce M., Wang, Ya-Xing, Rotimi, Charles N., Becker, Diane M., Matsuda, Fumihiko, Liu, Yongmei, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Peyser, Patricia A., Pankow, James S., Engert, James C., Bonnefond, Amélie, Froguel, Philippe, Wilson, James G., Sheu, Wayne H. H., Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Hayes, M. Geoffrey, Ma, Ronald C. W., Wong, Tien-Yin, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Chandak, Giriraj R., Collins, Francis S., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Paré, Guillaume, Sale, Michèle M., Ahsan, Habibul, Motala, Ayesha A., Shu, Xiao-Ou, Park, Kyong-Soo, Jukema, J. Wouter, Cruz, Miguel, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rich, Stephen S., McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Grallert, Harald, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Tai, E-Shyong, Dupuis, Josee, Kato, Norihiro, Laakso, Markku, Köttgen, Anna, Koh, Woon-Puay, Bowden, Donald W., Palmer, Colin N. A., Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Liu, Simin, North, Kari E., Saleheen, Danish, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Wareham, Nicholas J., Lee, Juyoung, Kim, Bong-Jo, Millwood, Iona Y., Walters, Robin G., Stefansson, Kari, Ahlqvist, Emma, Goodarzi, Mark O., Mohlke, Karen L., Langenberg, Claudia, Haiman, Christopher A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Florez, Jose C., Rader, Daniel J., Ritchie, Marylyn D., Zöllner, Sebastian, Mägi, Reedik, Marston, Nicholas A., Ruff, Christian T., van Heel, David A., Finer, Sarah, Denny, Joshua C., Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Kadowaki, Takashi, Chambers, John C., Ng, Maggie C. Y., Sim, Xueling, Below, Jennifer E., Tsao, Philip S., Chang, Kyong-Mi, McCarthy, Mark I., Meigs, James B., Mahajan, Anubha, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Mercader, Josep M., Boehnke, Michael, Rotter, Jerome I., Vujkovic, Marijana, Voight, Benjamin F., Morris, Andrew P., and Zeggini, Eleftheria

Published
2024
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33. Genome-wide association study identifies human genetic variants associated with fatal outcome from Lassa fever

Author

Kotliar, Dylan, Raju, Siddharth, Tabrizi, Shervin, Odia, Ikponmwosa, Goba, Augustine, Momoh, Mambu, Sandi, John Demby, Nair, Parvathy, Phelan, Eric, Tariyal, Ridhi, Eromon, Philomena E., Mehta, Samar, Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio, Siddle, Katherine J., Stremlau, Matt, Jalloh, Simbirie, Gire, Stephen K., Winnicki, Sarah, Chak, Bridget, Schaffner, Stephen F., Pauthner, Matthias, Karlsson, Elinor K., Chapin, Sarah R., Kennedy, Sharon G., Branco, Luis M., Kanneh, Lansana, Vitti, Joseph J., Broodie, Nisha, Gladden-Young, Adrianne, Omoniwa, Omowunmi, Jiang, Pan-Pan, Yozwiak, Nathan, Heuklom, Shannon, Moses, Lina M., Akpede, George O., Asogun, Danny A., Rubins, Kathleen, Kales, Susan, Happi, Anise N., Iruolagbe, Christopher O., Dic-Ijiewere, Mercy, Iraoyah, Kelly, Osazuwa, Omoregie O., Okonkwo, Alexander K., Kunz, Stefan, McCormick, Joseph B., Khan, S. Humarr, Honko, Anna N., Lander, Eric S., Oldstone, Michael B. A., Hensley, Lisa, Folarin, Onikepe A., Okogbenin, Sylvanus A., Günther, Stephan, Ollila, Hanna M., Tewhey, Ryan, Okokhere, Peter O., Schieffelin, John S., Andersen, Kristian G., Reilly, Steven K., Grant, Donald S., Garry, Robert F., Barnes, Kayla G., Happi, Christian T., and Sabeti, Pardis C.

Published
2024
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34. Dynamic and Rapid Deep Synthesis of Molecular MRI Signals

Author

Nagar, Dinor, Vladimirov, Nikita, Farrar, Christian T., and Perlman, Or

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Model-driven analysis of biophysical phenomena is gaining increased attention and utility for medical imaging applications. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the availability of well-established models for describing the relations between the nuclear magnetization, tissue properties, and the externally applied magnetic fields has enabled the prediction of image contrast and served as a powerful tool for designing the imaging protocols that are now routinely used in the clinic. Recently, various advanced imaging techniques have relied on these models for image reconstruction, quantitative tissue parameter extraction, and automatic optimization of acquisition protocols. In molecular MRI, however, the increased complexity of the imaging scenario, where the signals from various chemical compounds and multiple proton pools must be accounted for, results in exceedingly long model simulation times, severely hindering the progress of this approach and its dissemination for various clinical applications. Here, we show that a deep-learning-based system can capture the nonlinear relations embedded in the molecular MRI Bloch-McConnell model, enabling a rapid and accurate generation of biologically realistic synthetic data. The applicability of this simulated data for in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo imaging applications is then demonstrated for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and semisolid macromolecule magnetization transfer (MT) analysis and quantification. The proposed approach yielded 78%-99% acceleration in data synthesis time while retaining excellent agreement with the ground truth (Pearson's r$>$0.99, p$<$0.0001, normalized root mean square error $<$3%).

Published
2023
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35. Primordial black holes from single-field inflation: a fine-tuning audit

Author

Cole, Philippa S., Gow, Andrew D., Byrnes, Christian T., and Patil, Subodh P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

All single-field inflationary models invoke varying degrees of tuning in order to account for cosmological observations. Mechanisms that generate primordial black holes (PBHs) from enhancement of primordial power at small scales posit inflationary potentials that transiently break scale invariance and possibly adiabaticity over a range of modes. This requires additional tuning on top of that required to account for observations at scales probed by cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. In this paper we study the parametric dependence of various single-field models of inflation that enhance power at small scales and quantify the degree to which coefficients in the model construction have to be tuned in order for certain observables to lie within specified ranges. We find significant tuning: changing the parameters of the potentials by between one part in a hundred and one part in $10^8$ (depending on the model) is enough to change the power spectrum peak amplitude by an order one factor. The fine-tuning of the PBH abundance is larger still by 1-2 orders of magnitude. We highlight the challenges imposed by this tuning on any given model construction. Furthermore, polynomial potentials appear to require significant additional fine-tuning to also match the CMB observations., Comment: 16 pages + appendices, 5 figures

Published
2023
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36. A comparative study of flavour-sensitive observables in hadronic Higgs decays

Author

Benjamin Campillo Aveleira, Aude Gehrmann-De Ridder, and Christian T. Preuss

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Jet production from hadronic Higgs decays at future lepton colliders will have significantly different phenomenological implications than jet production via off-shell photon and Z-boson decays, owing to the fact that Higgs bosons decay to both pairs of quarks and gluons. We compute observables involving flavoured jets in hadronic Higgs decays to three partons at Born level including next-to-leading order corrections in QCD (i.e., up to $$\mathcal {O}(\alpha _\textrm{s}^2))$$ O ( α s 2 ) ) . The calculation is performed in the framework of an effective theory in which the Higgs boson couples directly to gluons and massless b-quarks retaining a non-vanishing Yukawa coupling. For the energy of the leading and subleading flavoured jet, the angular separation and the invariant mass of the leading b– $$\bar{b}$$ b ¯ pair, we contrast the results obtained in both Higgs-decay categories and using either of the infrared-safe flavoured jet algorithms flavour- $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ k T and flavour-dressing.

Published
2024
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37. NLO+NLL′ accurate predictions for three-jet event shapes in hadronic Higgs decays

Author

Aude Gehrmann-De Ridder, Christian T. Preuss, Daniel Reichelt, and Steffen Schumann

Subjects
Higher-Order Perturbative Calculations, Resummation, Higgs Production, Higgs Properties, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We present resummed predictions at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy matched to the exact next-to-leading order results for a set of classical event-shape observables in hadronic Higgs decays, i.e., for the channels H → gg and H → b b ¯ $$ b\overline{b} $$ . We furthermore consider soft-drop grooming of the hadronic final states and derive corresponding NLO+NLL′ predictions for the groomed thrust observable. Differences in the QCD radiation pattern of gluon- and quark-initiated final states are imprinted in the event-shape distributions, offering separation power for the two decay channels. In particular, we show that ungroomed event shapes in H → gg decays develop a considerably harder spectrum than in H → b b ¯ $$ b\overline{b} $$ decays. We highlight that soft-drop grooming can substantially alter this behaviour, unless rather inclusive grooming parameters are chosen.

Published
2024
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38. A partitioned dipole-antenna shower with improved transverse recoil

Author

Christian T Preuss

Subjects
Parton Shower, Higher-Order Perturbative Calculations, Resummation, Jets and Jet Substructure, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The implementation of a new final-state parton-shower algorithm in the Pythia event generator is described. The shower algorithm, dubbed Apollo, combines central aspects of the Vincia antenna shower with the global transverse-recoil scheme of the Alaric framework in order to achieve formal consistency with next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) resummation. The shower algorithm is constructed in such a way that it facilitates a straightforward combination with fixed-order calculations. As an explicit proof of concept, a general scheme for matrix-element corrections (MECs) and two separate multiplicative next-to-leading order (NLO) matching schemes are outlined. It is argued that both matching schemes retain the logarithmic accuracy of the shower. The improved modelling of radiation is examined by contrasting the new algorithm with existing leading-logarithmic parton showers in Pythia.

Published
2024
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40. Biomechanics of sound production in high-pitched classical singing

Author

Matthias Echternach, Fabian Burk, Marie Köberlein, Michael Döllinger, Michael Burdumy, Bernhard Richter, Ingo R. Titze, Coen P. H. Elemans, and Christian T. Herbst

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Voice production of humans and most mammals is governed by the MyoElastic-AeroDynamic (MEAD) principle, where an air stream is modulated by self-sustained vocal fold oscillation to generate audible air pressure fluctuations. An alternative mechanism is found in ultrasonic vocalizations of rodents, which are established by an aeroacoustic (AA) phenomenon without vibration of laryngeal tissue. Previously, some authors argued that high-pitched human vocalization is also produced by the AA principle. Here, we investigate the so-called “whistle register” voice production in nine professional female operatic sopranos singing a scale from C6 (≈ 1047 Hz) to G6 (≈ 1568 Hz). Super-high-speed videolaryngoscopy revealed vocal fold collision in all participants, with closed quotients from 30 to 73%. Computational modeling showed that the biomechanical requirements to produce such high-pitched voice would be an increased contraction of the cricothyroid muscle, vocal fold strain of about 50%, and high subglottal pressure. Our data suggest that high-pitched operatic soprano singing uses the MEAD mechanism. Consequently, the commonly used term “whistle register” does not reflect the physical principle of a whistle with regard to voice generation in high pitched classical singing.

Published
2024
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41. Downregulation of rhodopsin is an effective therapeutic strategy in ameliorating peripherin-2-associated inherited retinal disorders

Author

Christian T. Rutan Woods, Mustafa S. Makia, Tylor R. Lewis, Ryan Crane, Stephanie Zeibak, Paul Yu, Mashal Kakakhel, Carson M. Castillo, Vadim Y. Arshavsky, Muna I. Naash, and Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Given the absence of approved treatments for pathogenic variants in Peripherin-2 (PRPH2), it is imperative to identify a universally effective therapeutic target for PRPH2 pathogenic variants. To test the hypothesis that formation of the elongated discs in presence of PRPH2 pathogenic variants is due to the presence of the full complement of rhodopsin in absence of the required amounts of functional PRPH2. Here we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of reducing rhodopsin levels in ameliorating disease phenotype in knockin models for p.Lys154del (c.458-460del) and p.Tyr141Cys (c.422 A > G) in PRPH2. Reducing rhodopsin levels improves physiological function, mitigates the severity of disc abnormalities, and decreases retinal gliosis. Additionally, intravitreal injections of a rhodopsin-specific antisense oligonucleotide successfully enhance the physiological function of photoreceptors and improves the ultrastructure of discs in mutant mice. Presented findings shows that reducing rhodopsin levels is an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inherited retinal degeneration associated with PRPH2 pathogenic variants.

Published
2024
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44. A general algorithm to build real-radiation antenna functions for higher-order calculations

Author

Braun-White, Oscar, Glover, Nigel, and Preuss, Christian T

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The antenna subtraction method has been successfully applied to a wide range of processes relevant for the Large Hadron Collider at next-to-next-to-leading order in $\alpha_s$ (NNLO). We propose an algorithm for building antenna functions for any number of real emissions from an identified pair of hard radiator partons directly from a specified list of unresolved limits. We use the algorithm to explicitly build all single- and double-real QCD antenna functions and compare them to the previous antenna functions, which were extracted from matrix elements. The improved antenna functions should be more easily applicable to NNLO subtraction terms. Finally, we match the integration of the antenna functions over the final-final unresolved phase space to the previous incarnation, serving as an independent check on our results., Comment: 57 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Antenna functions and their integrals are given in FORM-readable format in the auxiliary materials, with an accompanying README

Published
2023
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45. Identifying mechanisms driving the early response of triple negative breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using a mechanistic model integrating in vitro and in vivo imaging data

Author

Lorenzo, Guillermo, Jarrett, Angela M., Meyer, Christian T., Quaranta, Vito, Tyson, Darren R., and Yankeelov, Thomas E.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard-of-care treatment for locally advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) before surgery. The early assessment of TNBC response to NAC would enable an oncologist to adapt the therapeutic plan of a non-responding patient, thereby improving treatment outcomes while preventing unnecessary toxicities. To this end, a promising approach consists of obtaining \textsl{in silico} personalized forecasts of tumor response to NAC \textsl{via} computer simulation of mechanistic models constrained with patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired early during NAC. Here, we present a model featuring the essential mechanisms of TNBC growth and response to NAC, including an explicit description of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. As longitudinal \textsl{in vivo} MRI data for model calibration is limited, we perform a sensitivity analysis to identify the model mechanisms driving the response to two NAC drug combinations: doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel with carboplatin. The model parameter space is constructed by combining patient-specific MRI-based \textsl{in silico} parameter estimates and \textit{in vitro} measurements of pharmacodynamic parameters obtained using time-resolved microscopy assays of several TNBC lines. The sensitivity analysis is run in two MRI-based scenarios corresponding to a well-perfused and a poorly-perfused tumor. Out of the 15 parameters considered herein, only the baseline tumor cell net proliferation rate along with the maximum concentrations and effects of doxorubicin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel exhibit a relevant impact on model forecasts (total effect index, $S_T>$0.1). These results dramatically limit the number of parameters that require \textsl{in vivo} MRI-constrained calibration, thereby facilitating the clinical application of our model.

Published
2022

46. Residual Stroke Risk Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Prescribed Oral Anticoagulants: A Patient‐Level Meta‐Analysis From COMBINE AF

Author

Linda S. Johnson, Alexander P. Benz, Ashkan Shoamanesh, John W. Eikelboom, Michael Ezekowitz, Robert P. Giugliano, Lars Wallentin, Christian T. Ruff, Renato D. Lopes, Sanjit Jolly, Richard Whitlock, Christopher B. Granger, Stuart Connolly, and Jeffrey S. Healey

Subjects
anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, stroke, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background Despite oral anticoagulation, patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remain at risk of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism (SE) events. For patients whose residual risk is sufficiently high, additional therapies might be useful to mitigate stroke risk. Methods and Results Individual patient data from 5 landmark trials testing oral anticoagulation in AF were pooled in A Collaboration Between Multiple Institutions to Better Investigate Non‐Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Use in AF (COMBINE AF). We calculated the rate of ischemic stroke/SE among oral anticoagulation–treated patients with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score≥2, across strata of CHA2DS2‐VASc score, stroke history, and AF type, as either paroxysmal or nonparoxysmal. We included 71 794 patients with AF (median age 72 years, interquartile range, 13 years, 61.3% male) randomized to a direct oral anticoagulant or vitamin K antagonist, and followed for a mean of 2.1 (±0.8) years. The median CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 4 (interquartile range, 3–5), 18.8% had a prior stroke, and 76.4% had nonparoxysmal AF. The overall rate of stroke/SE was 1.33%/y (95% CI, 1.27–1.39); 1.38%/y (95% CI, 1.31–1.45) for nonparoxysmal AF, and 1.15%/y (95% CI, 1.05–1.27) for paroxysmal AF. The rate of ischemic stroke/SE increased by a rate ratio of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.32–1.41) per 1‐point increase in CHA2DS2‐VASc, reaching 1.67%/y (95% CI, 1.59–1.75) ≥4 CHA2DS2‐VASc points. Patients with both nonparoxysmal AF and CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥4 had a stroke/SE rate of 1.75%/y (95% CI, 1.66–1.85). In patients with a prior stroke, the risk was 2.51%/y (95% CI, 2.33–2.71). Conclusions AF type, CHA2DS2‐VASc score, and stroke history can identify patients with AF, who despite oral anticoagulation have a residual stroke/SE risk of 1.5% to 2.5% per year. Evaluation of additional stroke/SE prevention strategies in high‐risk patients is warranted.

Published
2024
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50. Development and Analysis of Multiscale Models for Tuberculosis: From Molecules to Populations

Author

Nanda, Pariksheet, Budak, Maral, Michael, Christian T., Krupinsky, Kathryn, Kirschner, Denise E., Bellomo, Nicola, Series Editor, Tezduyar, Tayfun E., Series Editor, Aoki, Kazuo, Editorial Board Member, Bazilevs, Yuri, Editorial Board Member, Chaplain, Mark, Editorial Board Member, Degond, Pierre, Editorial Board Member, Deutsch, Andreas, Editorial Board Member, Gibelli, Livio, Editorial Board Member, Herrero, Miguel Ángel, Editorial Board Member, Hughes, Thomas J.R., Editorial Board Member, Koumoutsakos, Petros, Editorial Board Member, Prosperetti, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopal, K.R., Editorial Board Member, Takizawa, Kenji, Editorial Board Member, Tao, Youshan, Editorial Board Member, van Brummelen, Harald, Editorial Board Member, and Aguiar, Maira, editor

Published
2024
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