Search

Currently, there is no effective therapy against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, there is crucial requirement for effective therapy against COVID-19. To our knowledge, few investigations have been conducted on AT2 progenitor cells as target for the (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, alveolar type 2 progenitor cells may be a possible therapeutic agent against COVID19. This review focused on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of COVID19 disease on AT2 cells and explored potential mechanisms to prevent infection and death of AT2 progenitor cells as possible therapy against COVID-19. We propose that inhibition of IL-1 receptor, IL 1, NFkB and JNK signalling pathway may serve as therapeutic target for COVID-19 Actualmente, no existe una terapia efectiva contra la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Por lo tanto, existe un requisito crucial para una terapia eficaz contra COVID-19. Hasta donde sabemos, se han realizado pocas investigaciones sobre las células progenitoras AT2 como objetivo para el (SARS-CoV-2). Por lo tanto, las células progenitoras alveolares tipo 2 pueden ser un posible agente terapéutico contra COVID19. Esta revisión se centró en la patogenia y la fisiopatología de la enfermedad COVID19 en las células AT2 y exploró los posibles mecanismos para prevenir la infección y la muerte de las células progenitoras AT2 como posible terapia contra la COVID-19. Proponemos que la inhibición de la vía de señalización del receptor IL-1, IL 1, NFkB y JNK puede servir como diana terapéutica para COVID-19. Atualmente, não existe uma terapia eficaz contra a doença de Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Assim, há um requisito crucial para uma terapia eficaz contra o COVID-19. Até onde sabemos, poucas investigações foram conduzidas em células progenitoras AT2 como alvo para o (SARS-CoV-2). Assim, as células progenitoras alveolares tipo 2 podem ser um possível agente terapêutico contra o COVID19. Esta revisão se concentrou na patogênese e fisiopatologia da doença COVID19 em células AT2 e explorou mecanismos potenciais para prevenir a infecção e morte de células progenitoras AT2 como possível terapia contra COVID-19. Propomos que a inibição da via de sinalização do receptor de IL-1, IL 1, NFkB e JNK pode servir como alvo terapêutico para COVID-19.

The current study determined the natural angiogenic molecules using an unbiased metabolomics approach. A chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to examine pro- and antiangiogenic molecules, followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Vessel formation was analyzed quantitatively using the angiogenic index (p < 0.05). At embryonic day one, a white streak or circle area was observed when vessel formation begins. GCMS analysis and database search demonstrated that angiogenesis may initiate when oleic, cholesterol, and linoleic acids increased in the area of angiogenic reactions. The gain of function study was conducted by the injection of cholesterol and oleic acid into a chick embryo to determine the role of each lipid in angiogenesis. We propose that oleic acid, cholesterol, and linoleic acid are natural molecules that set the platform for the initiation stage of angiogenesis before other proteins including the vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin, angiotensin, and erythropoietin join as the angiome in sprout extension and vessel maturation.

BackgroundCluster of Differentiation 80 and CD 86 can also be called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively. They are proteins fundamentally expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including induced dendritic cells (IDCs), langerhans cells, germinal center dendritic cells (GCDCs), activated monocytes, macrophages and B-cells. They are considered to be a possible therapeutic target and biomarker of great significance. However, there are still inconsistent pieces of information and their clinical importance is yet to be established. MethodsHere we investigated CD 80 and 86 as biomarkers by utilizing several large genomic data collections. (The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Quantitative proteomics Cancer cell line Encyclopedia Genotype-Tissue Expression,) and analyzed CD 80 and CD 86 expression in thousands of normal and cancer samples and cell lines along with their clinical survival analysis.ResultsThis study presented that CD 86 was expressed more in post-treatment blood cancer in the blood and post-treatment blood cancer in the bone marrow while it was expressed least in normal tissues and cell lines. The Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L428 cell lysate illustrated that there was a high relative protein expression of 6.6 for the CD 86 gene. it indicated that cancer in the esophagus had the highest copy number value and indicated a medium level amplification of the CD 86 gene and prostate cancer had a hemizygous deletion of the CD 86 gene with the least copy number value. Furthermore, on the non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell line REC1, illustrated the highest relative protein expression of the CD 86 gene among the other types of cancer cell line, its protein expression value was 8.19. Also, for cancer type leukemia, the subtype acute myeloid leukemia showed a significant relative protein expression. The acute myeloid leukemia cell line EOL1 indicated that there was a high relative protein expression of 6.5. However, the protein expression for CD 80 is yet to be elucidated.ConclusionsTaken together, CD 80 ad 86 may be potential biomarkers of great clinical significance. The Kaplan Meier plots unveiled that CD 86 and CD 80 were significantly associated with overall survival analysis in the Large B-cell lymphoma, and the different tumor types.

Background In 2018, the total number of Lassa fever cases in Nigeria was significantly higher than that observed in previous years. Hence, studies had attempted to determine the underlying cause. However, reports using phylogenetic methods to analyze this finding ruled out the emergence of potentially more transmissible Lassa virus strains or an increase in human-to-human viral transmission as the cause underlying the increase in cases. Two years later, the situation seems even worse as the number of confirmed cases has reached an all-time high according to situational reports released by the Nigerian Center for Disease Control. Objective Considering the increasing trend of Lassa fever cases and related mortality, the major objective of this study is to map mutations within the genomes of Lassa virus isolates from 2018 and 2019 using the reference sequence available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information as a benchmark and compare them to the genomes of viruses isolated during 1969-2017. This study would also attempt to identify a viral marker gene for easier identification and grouping. Finally, the time-scaled evolution of Lassa virus in Nigeria will be reconstructed. Methods After collecting the sequence data of Lassa virus isolates, Bayesian phylogenetic trees, a sequence identity matrix, and a single nucleotide polymorphism matrix will be generated using BEAST (version 2.6.2), Base-By-Base, and DIVEIN (a web-based tool for variant calling), respectively. Results Mining and alignment of Lassa virus genome sequences have been completed, while mutational analysis and the reconstruction of time-scaled maximum clade credibility trees, congruence tests for inferred segments, and gene phylogeny analysis are ongoing. Conclusions The findings of this study would further the current knowledge of the evolutionary history of the Lassa virus in Nigeria and would document the mutations in Nigerian isolates from 1969 to 2019. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/23015

BACKGROUND In 2018, the total number of Lassa fever cases in Nigeria was significantly higher than that observed in previous years. Hence, studies had attempted to determine the underlying cause. However, reports using phylogenetic methods to analyze this finding ruled out the emergence of potentially more transmissible Lassa virus strains or an increase in human-to-human viral transmission as the cause underlying the increase in cases. Two years later, the situation seems even worse as the number of confirmed cases has reached an all-time high according to situational reports released by the Nigerian Center for Disease Control. OBJECTIVE Considering the increasing trend of Lassa fever cases and related mortality, the major objective of this study is to map mutations within the genomes of Lassa virus isolates from 2018 and 2019 using the reference sequence available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information as a benchmark and compare them to the genomes of viruses isolated during 1969-2017. This study would also attempt to identify a viral marker gene for easier identification and grouping. Finally, the time-scaled evolution of Lassa virus in Nigeria will be reconstructed. METHODS After collecting the sequence data of Lassa virus isolates, Bayesian phylogenetic trees, a sequence identity matrix, and a single nucleotide polymorphism matrix will be generated using BEAST (version 2.6.2), Base-By-Base, and DIVEIN (a web-based tool for variant calling), respectively. RESULTS Mining and alignment of Lassa virus genome sequences have been completed, while mutational analysis and the reconstruction of time-scaled maximum clade credibility trees, congruence tests for inferred segments, and gene phylogeny analysis are ongoing. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study would further the current knowledge of the evolutionary history of the Lassa virus in Nigeria and would document the mutations in Nigerian isolates from 1969 to 2019. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/23015

Highlights:-Adenocarcinoma lung cancer is common but difficult to diagnose. - Little is known for its proteome when methanol extract of Calotropis procera was used for the treatment groups. -In the treatment versus control groups, about 413 proteins were upregulated while about 626 proteins were downregulated. -Some of the proteins are potential diagnostic markers. Objectives: Adenocarcinoma lung cancer is a common type of lung cancer but the therapeutic and diagnosis are problematic. We focused on the protein expression of Adenocarcinoma lung cancer using A549 cancer cells and unveiled novel diagnostic makers and mechanisms in which methanol extracts of Calotropis procera ameliorate the disease. Methods: A549 lung cancer cell lines were obtained and we have 3 control groups and 3 treatment groups. The treatment groups were treated with 80 ug/ml of methanol extracts of Calotropis procera leaf and proteins were extracted for tandem mass tag mass spectrometry. Differential protein expression was performed between treatment groups and controls and the identified proteins were analyzed for pathway enrichment. Selected proteins were further validated in another set of samples using a more quantitative method. Results: In the treatment versus control, about 413 proteins were upregulated while about 626 proteins were downregulated. Conclusion: This balanced proteomics method not only offers important understandings of protein expression and pathways but also discover potential diagnostic markers for adenocarcinoma lung cancer. It also reveals the molecular mechanisms in which the methanol extracts of Calotropis procera leaf prevent carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Ayobami Matthew Olajuyin, Adefunke Kafayat Olajuyin, Ziqi Wang, Zhiwei Xu, Hayatu M. Raji, Malachy I. Okeke, Xiaoju Zhang. Protein expression shift and potential diagnostic markers through proteomics profiling of A549 lung cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 322.

The study of double-strand break repair and homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae meiosis has provided important information about the mechanisms involved. However, it has become clear that the resulting recombination models are only partially applicable to repair in mitotic cells, where crossover formation is suppressed. In recent years our understanding of double-strand break repair and homologous recombination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe has increased significantly, and the identification of novel pathways and genes with homologues in higher eukaryotes has increased its value as a model organism for double-strand break repair. In this review we will focus on the involvement of homologous recombination and repair in different aspects of genome stability in Sz. pombe meiosis, replication and telomere maintenance. We will also discuss anti-recombination pathways (that suppress crossover formation), non-homologous end-joining, single-strand annealing and factors that influence the choice and prevalence of the different repair pathways in Sz. pombe.