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Purpose: To investigate whether serum hormone (testosterone, prolactin, gonadotropins, and thyroid hormones) and vitamin (vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin D) levels are associated with premature ejaculation (PE). Materials and Methods: This prospective case-control study included 126 patients with PE (lifelong PE [LPE] in 94 and acquired PE [APE] in 32) who presented to the urology outpatient clinic between April 2016 and January 2023 and 92 healthy men as a control group. The diagnosis of PE was based on the criteria defined by the International Society for Sexual Medicine. Serum total testosterone (TT), free and bioavailable testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, thyroxine (fT4), vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin D levels were measured. Results: Serum TT, fT4, and vitamin D levels were significantly higher in patients with PE than in the control group (p=0.022, p=0.002, and p=0.044, respectively). However, the serum vitamin B12 level was significantly lower in the PE group (p=0.021). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only vitamin B12 was found to be an independent risk factor for PE, with an estimated odds ratio of 0.997 (95% confidence interval 0.994–0.999, p=0.036). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that lower vitamin B12 levels are associated with the presence of PE. Therefore, we believe that it would be beneficial to consider vitamin B12 levels in the evaluation of patients with PE.

In this study, the production technology of barite, fluorite, rare-earth elements, and thorium-bearing rare-earth oxides from the Eskişehir-Beylikova were investigated, and the processes that can be used in the production of thorium-free mixed rare earth oxides were tested. The applied processes are roasting, leaching, solvent extraction and precipitation methods, respectively. After all studies, the optimum roasting temperature and roasting duration are determined as 600 °C and 1 hour. In the extraction stage, the highest leaching efficiency is achieved with 5 M HCl, 1-hour leaching duration, 1/3 solid/liquid ratio and 35 °C leaching temperature. While methyl tri C8-C10 ammonium chloride (Adogen 464) is used for the removal of iron from produced solution, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) is used for the removal of thorium. As a result of solvent extraction studies, the solution containing rare earth elements is precipitated under optimum conditions. After precipitation, the product contains 99.65% rare earth oxides.

In this study, studies were carried out to take rubidium (Rb), which is in a complex form of Na +K feldspar, pyroxene, and alumina silicate into solution in an environmentally sensitive manner with high recovery. Malatya - Kuluncak complex ore was used in this study. In the first stage of the study, the roasting method was tried to obtain rubidium chloride (RbCl) or rubidium sulphate (Rb2SO4) structures, which are the water-soluble forms of rubidium in the sodium-potassium feldspar minerals. Roasting was carried out using different additives and calcium chloride was identified as the most suitable additive material for this ore structure. In studies investigating the effect of roasting temperature and time, the evaporation amount of RbCl was calculated. After deciding on the additives, the additive amount, solid/liquid ratio in the leaching stage, and leach time were optimized. The optimum conditions were determined as a leaching time of 120 minutes at 1/3 solid/ liquid ratio after roasting for 60 minutes at the roasting temperature of 900 °C at 70% calcium chloride (CaCl2) addition. the solution efficiency of rubidium was calculated as 96%. Taking Rb into solution from primary sources was first achieved with this study in Türkiye.

This paper investigates a method for separation and purification of thorium from leach liquors containing rare-earth elements (REE). Iron, which causes problems in the stage of thorium extracting, was first removed by using Adogen 464 solvent. Thorium was extracted with 30% D2EHPA-in kerosene with 1/3 organic/aqueous ratio and stoichiometry of the thorium-D2EHPA complex was calculated as 1:2.6 from slope analysis. After the extraction, LREE and HREE were scrubbed from the extracted organic with 0.25 M H₂SO₄ and 6 M HCl, respectively. Thorium oxalate was precipitated by oxalic acid and calcined at 1,050 °C. It was, after calcination, determined that purity of thorium oxide is 99.23%, based on the ICP-OES analysis.

Abstract The selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols was performed by using commercially available aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium (Pd/AlO(OH)) nanoparticles (0.5 wt.% Pd, about 3 nm size) under mild conditions. The oxidation method comprises the oxidation of benzyl alcohols catalyzed by aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium under ultrasonic and solvent-free conditions and a continuous stream of O2. The characterization of aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium nanocatalyst was conducted by several advanced analytical techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis by ICP-OES. The oxidation of a variety of benzyl alcohol compounds were tested by the aluminum oxy-hydroxide-supported palladium nanoparticles, and all expected oxidation products were obtained by the high conversion yields within 3 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (Thin-layer chromatography), and the yields of the products were determined by 1H-NMR and 13C NMR analysis.

In this study, we consider the summatory function of convolutions of the Möbius function with harmonic numbers, and we show that these summatory functions are linked to the distribution of prime numbers. In particular, we give infinitely many asymptotics which are consequences of the Riemann hypothesis. We also give quantitative estimate for the moment function which counts non-integer hyperharmonic numbers. Then, we obtain the asymptotic behaviour of hyperharmonics.

Objective: To investigate the effects of kinaesthetic ability training with the Kinesthetic Ability Trainer (KAT) on unilateral neglect and functional outcomes in stroke patients. Study design: An assessor-blinded, randomized controlled, clinical trial. Methods: A total of 64 stroke patients with unilateral neglect (mean age 61 (standard deviation (SD) 12) years, 60.4% male, mean time since stroke 6.4 (SD 10.4) months, left hemiplegia 92.5%) were randomly assigned to a conventional rehabilitation programme (control group, n = 32) or KAT plus a conventional rehabilitation programme (KAT group, n = 32) for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed with the Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) before and after therapy. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in all subscales of the BIT (conventional and behavioural) (p

The inhibition effect of mad honey on corrosion of 2007-type aluminium alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated by Tafel extrapolarisation (TP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). All the studied parameters exhibited good anti-corrosive properties against corrosion of 2007-type aluminium alloy in the test solution; the corrosion rates decreased with the increase of the mad honey concentration. The surface morphology of the alloy was examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the absence and presence of the inhibitor. The inhibitory adsorption processes of mad honey on the 2007-type aluminium alloy surfaces conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

This study has been done in order to discuss the current understanding of intellectual on the basis of the dictum " the intellectual shouldn't be away from the public people" which Ziya Gökalp put to the basis of his concept of intellectual. The problem is whether the rules of determination to which the definiton was linked are generally accepted and systematic ones, while Ziya Gökalp introduce while Ziya Gökalp introduce a concept of intellectual, and whether the thing that Ziya Gökalp understood from the typology introduced with the concept and present day intellectual typology agree with each other or not. By the expansion of this problem; it will be understood whether Gökalp's ideas find acceptence as a part of universal principles and it will contribute to the solution problematic of intellectual.

The research aimed at being acquainted with: 1. The sport self – efficiency ,the level and the performance of apparatus (Rings, Horzontal Bar , paraller Bars)for third class students in College physical Education . 2. The relation ameng the sport self – efficiency ,the level and the performance of apparatus (Rings, Horzontal Bar،paraller Bars)for third class students in College physical Education . The relation hypothesized the following: 1. There is a relation ameng the sport self – efficiency the level the performance of apparatus (Rings, Horzontal Bar , paraller Bars)for third class students in College physical Education . The research concluded the fallowing : 1. the sport self – efficiency has a direct and positive relation to the level of student performance . 2. the sport self – efficiency has a direct and positive relation to the Endurance of student performance . 3. the level of performance had related positively to the Endurance of performance . 4. the student of class have positive level of Sport self- efficiency wchis move them to perform the movements better and with more notarization

Mitochondrial damage is the major factor underlying drug-induced liver disease but whether conditions that thwart mitochondrial injury can prevent or reverse drug-induced liver damage is unclear. A key molecule regulating mitochondria quality control is AMP activated kinase (AMPK). When activated, AMPK causes mitochondria to elongate/fuse and proliferate, with mitochondria now producing more ATP and less reactive oxygen species. Autophagy is also triggered, a process capable of removing damaged/defective mitochondria. To explore whether AMPK activation could potentially prevent or reverse the effects of drug-induced mitochondrial and hepatocellular damage, we added an AMPK activator to collagen sandwich cultures of rat and human hepatocytes exposed to the hepatotoxic drugs, acetaminophen or diclofenac. In the absence of AMPK activation, the drugs caused hepatocytes to lose polarized morphology and have significantly decreased ATP levels and viability. At the subcellular level, mitochondria underwent fragmentation and had decreased membrane potential due to decreased expression of the mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn1, 2 and/or Opa1. Adding AICAR, a specific AMPK activator, at the time of drug exposure prevented and reversed these effects. The mitochondria became highly fused and ATP production increased, and hepatocytes maintained polarized morphology. In exploring the mechanism responsible for this preventive and reversal effect, we found that AMPK activation prevented drug-mediated decreases in Mfn1, 2 and Opa1. AMPK activation also stimulated autophagy/mitophagy, most significantly in acetaminophen-treated cells. These results suggest that activation of AMPK prevents/reverses drug-induced mitochondrial and hepatocellular damage through regulation of mitochondrial fusion and autophagy, making it a potentially valuable approach for treatment of drug-induced liver injury., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.