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6. Applications of Fission

Author

Hayes, A. C.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

This chapter is devoted to a discussion of applications of nuclear fission. It covers some aspects of the topics of nuclear reactors, nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation, reactor anti-neutrinos and nuclear medicine. It is, however, limited in scope and the reader is encouraged to explore the many other exciting sub-areas of the applications of nuclear fission., Comment: This is a chapter in the book, 'Nuclear Fission - From Fundamentals to Applications', edited by Dr. Pavel V. Tsvetkov

Published
2023

8. First bromine doped cryogenic implosion at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Hayes, A. C., Kyrala, G., Gooden, M., Wilhelmy, J. B., Kot, L., Volegov, P., Wilde, C., Haines, B., Jungman, Gerard, Rundberg, R. S., Wilson, D. C., Velsko, C., Cassata, W., Henry, E., Yeamans, C., Cerjan, C., Ma, T., Doppner, T., Nikroo, A., Hurricane, O., Callahan, D., Hinkel, D., Schneider, D., Bachmann, B., Graziani, F., Chen, K. C., Kong, C., Huang, H., Crippen, J. W., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., and Farrell, M. P.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the first experiment dedicated to the study of nuclear reactions on dopants in a cryogenic capsule at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). This was accomplished using bromine doping in the inner layers of the CH ablator of a capsule identical to that used in the NIF shot N140520. The capsule was doped with 3$\times$10$^{16}$ bromine atoms. The doped capsule shot, N170730, resulted in a DT yield that was 2.6 times lower than the undoped equivalent. The Radiochemical Analysis of Gaseous Samples (RAGS) system was used to collect and detect $^{79}$Kr atoms resulting from energetic deuteron and proton ion reactions on $^{79}$Br. RAGS was also used to detect $^{13}$N produced dominantly by knock-on deuteron reactions on the $^{12}$C in the ablator. High-energy reaction-in-flight neutrons were detected via the $^{209}$Bi(n,4n)$^{206}$Bi reaction, using bismuth activation foils located 50 cm outside of the target capsule. The robustness of the RAGS signals suggest that the use of nuclear reactions on dopants as diagnostics is quite feasible.

Published
2023
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14. Neutral-current neutrino cross section and expected supernova signals for $^{40}$Ar from a three-fold increase in the magnetic dipole strength

Author

Tornow, W., Tonchev, A. P., Finch, S. W., Krishichayan, Wang, X. B., Hayes, A. C., Yeomans, H. G. D., and Newmark, D. A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In view of the great interest in liquid argon neutrino detectors, the $^{40}$Ar($\gamma,\gamma'$)$^{40}$Ar$^{*}$ reaction was revisited to guide a calculation of the neutral current neutrino cross section at supernova energies. Using the nuclear resonance fluorescence technique with a monoenergetic, 99% linearly polarized photon beam, we report a three-fold increase in magnetic dipole strength at around 10 MeV in $^{40}$Ar. Based on shell-model calculations, and using the experimentally identified transitions, the neutral current neutrino cross sections for low-energy reactions on $^{40}$Ar are calculated.

Published
2022
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19. Serum interleukin-6 level predicts the prognosis for patients with alcohol-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

Author

Murakami, Serami, Imamura, Michio, Uchida, Takuro, Suehiro, Yosuke, Namba, Maiko, Fujii, Yasutoshi, Uchikawa, Shinsuke, Teraoka, Yuji, Fujino, Hatsue, Ono, Atsushi, Nakahara, Takashi, Murakami, Eisuke, Okamoto, Wataru, Yamauchi, Masami, Kawaoka, Tomokazu, Miki, Daiki, Hayes, Nelson C., Tsuge, Masataka, Aikata, Hiroshi, Ohira, Masahiro, Ohdan, Hideki, and Oka, Shiro

Published
2023
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21. First measurement of the $^{10}{\rm B}(\alpha,n)^{13}{\rm N}$ reaction in an inertial confinement fusion implosion at the National Ignition Facility: Initial steps toward the development of a radiochemistry mix diagnostic

Author

Lonardoni, D., Sauppe, J. P., Batha, S. H., Birge, N., Bredeweg, T., Freeman, M., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Gooden, M. E., Hayes, A. C., Huang, H., Jungman, G., Keenan, B. D., Kot, L., Meaney, K. D., Murphy, T., Velsko, C., Yeamans, C. B., Whitley, H. D., Wilde, C., and Wilhelmy, J. B.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the $^{10}{\rm B}(\alpha,n)^{13}{\rm N}$ reaction in a polar-direct-drive exploding pusher (PDXP) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). This work is motivated by the need to develop alternative mix diagnostics, radiochemistry being the focus here. The target is composed of a $65/35\,\rm at.\,\%$ deuterium-tritium (DT) fill surrounded by a roughly $30\,\mu\rm m$ thick beryllium ablator. The inner portion of the beryllium ablator is doped with $10\,\rm at.\,\%$ of $^{10}{\rm B}$. Radiation-hydrodynamics calculations were performed in 1D to optimize both the remaining boron rho-R and the DT neutron yield. A charged-particle transport post-processor has been developed to study $\alpha$-induced reactions on the ablator material. Results indicate a large $^{13}{\rm N}$ production from $\alpha$-induced reactions on $^{10}{\rm B}$, measurable by the radiochemical analysis of gaseous samples system at the NIF. The PDXP target N201115-001 was successfully fielded on the NIF, and nitrogen from the $^{10}{\rm B}(\alpha,n)^{13}{\rm N}$ reaction was measured. The $^{13}{\rm N}$ production yield, as well as the DT neutron yield, was, however, lower than expected. Some of the reduced yields can be explained by the oblate shape, but the ratios of the various radiochemical signals are not commensurate with expectations based on a simple reduction of the 1D results. Preliminary 2D radiation-hydrodynamics computations are consistent with the experimental measurements, and work is ongoing to extend the radiochemistry analysis into higher dimensions., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables

Published
2021
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22. Global prevalence and characteristics of infections and clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients with cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study for the CLEARED Consortium

Author

Kumar, Shiva, Gadano, Adrián, Marciano, Sebastián, Tudehope, Fiona, Prudence, Alexander, Gibson, Robert, Zekry, Amany, Doyle, Adam, Si, Hooi Ling, Kim, Yu Sung, Gofton, Cameron, Riordan, Stephen, MacQuillan, Gerry, Al-Tamimi, Hala, Michalczuk, Matheus, Farias, Alberto, Zitelli, Patricia, Pereira, Gustavo, Victor, Livia, Bera, Chinmay, Faisal, Nabiha, Dahiya, Monica, Tandon, Puneeta, Lohoues, Marie Jeanne, Lah, Ponan Claude Regis, Benítez, Carlos, Arrese, Marco, Guan, Jing, Xian, Yongchao, Zhu, Chuanwu, Wang, Yingling, Su, Man, Su, Minghua, Wang, Xinrui, Gao, Yanhang, Peng, Feng, Jiang, Yongfang, Zhao, Caiyan, Wang, Wei, Yin, Dedong, Wang, Lei, Lu, Mingqin, Cai, Yijing, Guo, Feng, Wang, Xiaozhong, Zhang, Ningping, Zhang, Wanqin, Dong, Fuchen, Li, Hai, Liu, Jing, Zheng, Xin, Tang, Hong, Yan, Libo, Xu, Bin, Wei, Linlin, Xu, Zhen, Gao, Zhiliang, Gao, Haibing, Lin, Minghua, Rao, Qunfang, Wu, Xiaoping, Li, Beiling, Chen, Jinjun, Liu, Chenghai, Zhang, Yanyun, Deng, Huan, Hu, Peng, Wang, Jian, Li, Jie, Bettinger, Dominik, Schultheiß, Michael, Belimi, Hibat Allah, Debzi, Nabil, Mostafa, Alaa, Fouad, Yasser, Fisseha, Henok, Venkatachalapathy, Suresh Vasan, Aravinthan, Aloysious D, Rajoriya, Neil, Faulkes, Rosemary, Leith, Damien, Forrest, Ewan, Danielle, Adebayo, Kennedy, James, Yung, Diana, Alexopoulou, Alexandra, Mani, Iliana, Fung, James, Katchman, Helena, Rabinowich, Liane, Jhaveri, Ajay, Nagral, Aabha, Kulkarni, Anand, Sharma, Mithun, Sarin, Shiv K, Goel, Ashish, Eapen, C E, Duseja, Ajay, Gandotra, Akash, Saraya, Anoop, yegurla, Jatin, Jothimani, Dinesh, Rela, Mohammad, Arora, Anil, Kumar, Ashish, Roy, Akash, Dhiman, R K, Anand, A C, Praharaj, Dibyalochan, Cabrera, Araceli Bravo, Hueso, Sarai Gonzalez, Hérnandez, José Luis Pérez, Gutierrez, Oscar Morales, Ramos-Pineda, Abraham, Zazueta, Godolfino Miranda, Barradas, Mauricio Castillo, Made, Lilian Torres, Velazquez, Rene Male, Félix-Tellez, Francisco, Velasco, José Antonio Velarde-Ruiz, Cordova-Gallardo, Jacqueline, Rajaram, Ruveena, Afendi, Nik Arsyad Nik Muhamad, Nyam, David P, Okeke, Edith N, Allam, Dalia, Patwa, Yashwi Haresh Kumar, Tan, Hiang Keat, Lun, Liou Wei, Ho, Wei Ling Danielle, Wong, Yu Jun, Thanapirom, Kessarin, Teerasarntipan, Tongluk, Haktaniyan, Busra, Gunduz, Feyza, Aslan, Rahmi, Yildirim, Abdullah Emre, Barutcu, Sezgin, Uysal, Alper, Karasu, Zeki, Ucbilek, Enver, Kosay, Tolga, Dinçer, Dinç, Adanır, Haydar, Albhaisi, Somaya, Fallahadeh, Mohammad Amin, Asrani, Sumeet, Reddy, K Rajender, Shaw, Jawaid, Vargas, Hugo, Filipek, Natalia, Biggins, Scott W, Thuluvath, Paul, Sheshadri, Somya, Wegermann, Kara, Kappus, Matthew, Keaveny, Andrew, Rojo, Andres, Negrillo, Ricardo Cabello, Verna, Elizabeth, Cao, Zhujun, Wong, Florence, Choudhury, Ashok K, Kamath, Patrick S, Topazian, Mark, Torre, Aldo, Hayes, Peter C, George, Jacob, Idilman, Ramazan, Seto, Wai-Kay, Desalegn, Hailemichael, Alvares-da-Silva, Mario Reis, Bush, Brian J, Thacker, Leroy R, Xie, Qing, and Bajaj, Jasmohan S

Published
2024
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24. Kiloton-scale xenon detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay and other new physics searches

Author

Avasthi, A., Bowyer, T. W., Bray, C., Brunner, T., Catarineu, N., Church, E., Guenette, R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hayes, J. C., Heffner, M., Hertel, S. A., Humble, P. H., Jamil, A., Kim, S., Lang, R. F., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Lippincott, W. H., Marino, A., McKinsey, D. N., Miller, E. H., Moore, D. C., Mong, B., Monreal, B., Monzani, M. E., Olcina, I., Orrell, J. L., Pang, S., Pocar, A., Rowson, P. C., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Stanford, C., and Visser, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Large detectors employing xenon are a leading technology in existing and planned searches for new physics, including searches for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) and dark matter. While upcoming detectors will employ target masses of a ton or more, further extending gas or liquid phase Xe detectors to the kton scale would enable extremely sensitive next-generation searches for rare phenomena. The key challenge to extending this technology to detectors well beyond the ton scale is the acquisition of the Xe itself. We describe the motivation for extending Xe time projection chambers (TPCs) to the kton scale and possible avenues for Xe acquisition that avoid existing supply chains. If acquisition of Xe in the required quantities is successful, kton-scale detectors of this type could enable a new generation of experiments, including searches for $0\nu\beta\beta$ at half-life sensitivities as long as $10^{30}$ yr., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures; published version

Published
2021
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32. The Angular Correlations in the $e^+e^-$ Decay of Excited States in 8Be

Author

Hayes, A. C, Friar, J. L., Hale, GM., and Garvey, GT.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Motivated by the recent observation of anomalous electron-positron angular correlations in the decay of the 18.15 MeV 1+ excited states in 8Be, we reexamine in detail the Standard Model expectations for these angular correlations. The 18.15 MeV state is above particle threshold, and several multipoles can contribute to its $e^+e^-$ decay. We present the general theoretical expressions for $e^+e^-$ angular distributions for nuclear decay by C0, C1, C2 M1, E1, and E2 multipoles, and we examine their relative contribution to the $e^+e^-$ decay of 8Be at 18.15 MeV. We find that this resonance is dominated by M1 and E1 decay, and that the ratio of M1 to E1 strength is a strong function of energy. This is in contract to the original analysis of the $e^+e^-$ angular distributions, where the M1/E1 ratio was assumed to be a constant over the energy region Ep = 0:8-1:2 MeV. We find that the existence of a `bump' in the measured angular distribution is strongly dependent on the assumed M1/E1 ratio, with the present analysis finding the measured large-angle contributions to the $e^+e^-$ angular distribution to be lower than expectation. Thus, in the current analysis we find no evidence for axion decay in the 18.15 MeV resonance region of 8Be.

Published
2021
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33. Formation of a highly ordered red phase in a MEH-PPV: polystyrene pseudogels

Author

Rezasoltani, Elham, Martin, Jaime, Hayes, Sophia C., Heracleous, Despina, Koumenidou, Kyriaki, Hernandez, Rebeca, Stingelin, Natalie, and Silva-Acuna, Carlos

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

In this work, we demonstrate the formation of a "red-phase" poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2'- ethyl-hexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene-PPV] (MEH-PPV) embedded into a host matrix of highly entangled ultra-high molecular weight polystyrene (MEH-PPV/UHMW PS pseudogel) that allows the simple processing of the MEH-PPV solutions. We processed a "red-phase" in the gel, the gel shows that the features what have beed demonstrated in the solution can be observed in the processable gel for optoelectronics applications. [Yamagata, Hajime, and Hestand, Nicholas J. and Spano, Frank C. and Kohler, Anna and Scharsich, Christina and Hoffmann, Sebastian T. and Bassler, Heinz, The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2013, 139, 114903]

Published
2021

40. Northern Ireland: Searching for Consensus

Author

Hayes, Bernadette C., McAllister, Ian, Lodge, Martin, Series Editor, Wegrich, Kai, Series Editor, Keating, Michael, editor, McAllister, Ian, editor, Page, Edward C, editor, and Peters, B Guy, editor

Published
2023
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41. The Integrated Experimental Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Modelling Study of the PbO-ZnO-FeO-FeO1.5-MgO-SiO2 System, and Demonstration of Its Industrial Application

Author

Wen, Xi Rui, Abdeyazdan, Hamed, Khartcyzov, Georgii, Shevchenko, Maksym, Shishin, Denis, Nekhoroshev, Evgenii, Hayes, Peter C., Azekenov, Turarbek, Ushkov, Leonid, Jak, Evgueni, and Metallurgy and Materials Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM)

Published
2023
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