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396 results on '"Hays, R D"'

1. Adjusting for Attrition in School-Based Samples: Bias, Precision, and Cost Trade-Offs of Three Methods.

Author

McGuigan, K. A., Ellickson, P. L., Hays, R. D., and Bell, R. M.

Abstract

Tracking and two statistical methods (probability weighting and sample selection modeling) were studied as ways to minimize bias attributable to sample attrition in school-based studies. Data on student smoking from 30 middle schools illustrate that sample weighting yields the best results, with estimates superior to sample selection and much less expensive than tracking. (SLD)

Published
1997

35. Gastrointestinal symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the general population.

Author

Lee, A. D., Spiegel, B. M., Hays, R. D., Melmed, G. Y., Bolus, R., Khanna, D., Khanna, P. P., and Chang, L.

Subjects
IRRITABLE colon diagnosis, GASTROINTESTINAL diseases, SYMPTOMS, INFLAMMATORY bowel disease diagnosis, CONSTIPATION
Abstract

Background Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) patients report similar gastrointestinal ( GI) symptoms, yet comparisons of symptom severity between groups and with the general population ( GP) are lacking. Methods We compared Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System ( PROMIS®) GI symptom scales measuring gastro-esophageal reflux ( GER), disrupted swallowing, diarrhea, bowel incontinence, nausea/vomiting, constipation, belly pain, and gas/bloating in: (i) USA GP sample, (ii) IBS patients, and (iii) IBD patients from tertiary care and community populations. Symptom severity scores were based on T-score metric with mean 50±10 (standard deviation) relative to the GP. Key Results Of 1643 patients enrolled, there were 253 IBS patients (68% F, mean age 45±15 years), 213 IBD patients (46% F, mean age 41±14 years), and 1177 GP subjects (57% F, mean age 46±16 years). IBS patients reported greater severity of GER, disrupted swallowing, nausea/vomiting, belly pain, gas/bloating, and constipation symptoms than their IBD counterparts (all P<.05). Compared to the GP, IBD patients had worse belly pain, gas/bloating, diarrhea, and bowel incontinence, but less severe GER and disrupted swallowing (all P<.05), and IBS patients had more severe nausea/vomiting, belly pain, gas/bloating, and constipation (all P<.05). Women had more severe belly pain and gas/bloating than men, whereas men had more severe bowel incontinence (all P<.05). Conclusion & Inferences IBS and IBD are associated with more severe GI symptoms compared to the GP excluding esophageal symptoms. Unlike IBD, IBS is not characterized by observable GI inflammation but patients report more severe upper and lower GI symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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37. Do consumer reports of health plan quality affect health plan selection?

Author

Spranca, M, Kanouse, D E, Elliott, M, Short, P F, Farley, D O, and Hays, R D

Subjects
Adult, Information Services, Male, Marketing of Health Services, Insurance, Health, Adolescent, Cost Control, Consumer Behavior, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Choice Behavior, Los Angeles, United States, Logistic Models, United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Costs and Cost Analysis, Humans, Female, Research Article
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To learn whether consumer reports of health plan quality can affect health plan selection. DATA SOURCES: A sample of 311 privately insured adults from Los Angeles County. STUDY DESIGN: The design was a fractional factorial experiment. Consumers reviewed materials on four hypothetical health plans and selected one. The health plans varied as to cost, coverage, type of plan, ability to keep one's doctor, and quality, as measured by the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS) survey. DATA ANALYSIS: We used multinomial logistic regression to model each consumer's choice among health plans. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the absence of CAHPS information, 86 percent of consumers preferred plans that covered more services, even though they cost more. When CAHPS information was provided, consumers shifted to less expensive plans covering fewer services if CAHPS ratings identified those plans as higher quality (59 percent of consumers preferred plans covering more services). Consumer choices were unaffected when CAHPS ratings identified the more expensive plans covering more services as higher quality (89 percent of consumers preferred plans covering more services). CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes that, under certain realistic conditions, CAHPS ratings could affect consumer selection of health plans and ultimately contain costs. Other studies are needed to learn how to enhance exposure and use of CAHPS information in the real world as well as to identify other conditions in which CAHPS ratings could make a difference.

Published
2000

39. Norming plans for the NIH Toolbox

Author

Beaumont, J. L., primary, Havlik, R., additional, Cook, K. F., additional, Hays, R. D., additional, Wallner-Allen, K., additional, Korper, S. P., additional, Lai, J.-S., additional, Nord, C., additional, Zill, N., additional, Choi, S., additional, Yost, K. J., additional, Ustsinovich, V., additional, Brouwers, P., additional, Hoffman, H. J., additional, and Gershon, R., additional

Published
2013
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