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1. Gunshot Wounds: Ballistics, Pathology, and Treatment Recommendations, with a Focus on Retained Bullets

Author

Baum GR, Baum JT, Hayward D, and MacKay BJ

Subjects
ballistics, gunshot injuries, retained bullets, orthopedic surgery, trauma, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Gracie R Baum,1 Jaxon T Baum,2 Dan Hayward,2 Brendan J MacKay1 1Department of Orthopedic Hand Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; 2School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USACorrespondence: Brendan J MacKay, Department of Orthopedic Hand Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 808 Joliet Ave Suite 310, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA, Tel +1 806 743 4600, Email brendan.j.mackay@ttuhsc.eduAbstract: As the epidemic of gunshot injuries and firearm fatalities continues to proliferate in the United States, knowledge regarding gunshot wound (GSW) injury and management is increasingly relevant to health-care providers. Unfortunately, existing guidelines are largely outdated, written in a time that high-velocity weapons and deforming bullets were chiefly restricted to military use. Advances in firearm technology and increased accessibility of military grade firearms to civilians has exacerbated the nature of domestic GSW injury and complicated clinical decision-making, as these weapons are associated with increased tissue damage and often result in retained bullets. Currently, there is a lack of literature addressing recent advances in the field of projectile-related trauma, specifically injuries with retained bullets. This review aims to aggregate the available yet dispersed findings regarding ballistics, GSW etiology, and treatment, particularly for cases involving retained projectiles.Keywords: ballistics, gunshot injuries, retained bullets, orthopedic surgery, trauma

Published
2022

2. Factors Associated With Large Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Author

Steinberg, Benjamin A, Holmes, DaJuanicia N, Pieper, Karen, Allen, Larry A, Chan, Paul S, Ezekowitz, Michael D, Freeman, James V, Fonarow, Gregg C, Gersh, Bernard J, Hylek, Elaine M, Kowey, Peter R, Mahaffey, Kenneth W, Naccarelli, Gerald, Reiffel, James, Singer, Daniel E, Peterson, Eric D, Piccini, Jonathan P, Mendelson, R, Nahhas, A, Neutel, J, Padanilam, B, Pan, D, Poock, J, Raffetto, J, Greengold, R, Roan, P, Saba, F, Sackett, M, Schneider, R, Seymour, Z, Shanes, J, Shoemaker, J, Simms, V, Smiley, N, Smith, D, Snipes, C, Sotolongo, R, Staniloae, C, Stoltz, S, Suresh, DP, Tak, T, Tannenbaum, A, Turk, S, Vora, K, Randhawa, P, Zebrack, J, Silva, E, Riley, E, Weinstein, D, Vasiliauskas, T, Goldbarg, S, Hayward, D, Yarlagadda, C, Laurion, D, Osunkoya, A, Burns, R, Castor, T, Spiller, D, Luttman, C, Anton, S, McGarvey, J, Guthrie, R, Deriso, G, Flood, R, Fleischer, L, Fierstein, JS, Aggarwal, R, Jacobs, G, Adjei, N, Akyea-Djamson, A, Alfieri, A, Bacon, J, Bedwell, N, Berger, P, Berry, J, Bhagwat, R, Bloom, S, Boccalandro, F, Capo, J, Kapadia, S, Casanova, R, Morriss III, JE, Christensen, T, Elsen, J, Farsad, R, Fox, D, Frandsen, B, Gelernt, M, Gill, S, Grubb, S, Hall, C, Harris, H, Hotchkiss, D, Ip, J, Jaffrani, N, Jones, A, Kazmierski, J, Waxman, F, Kneller, GL, and Labroo, A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Heart Disease, Substance Misuse, Genetics, Health Services, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Atrial Fibrillation, Catheter Ablation, Comorbidity, Electric Countershock, Female, Health Status, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Outpatients, Quality of Life, Recovery of Function, Registries, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, United States, ORBIT-AF (Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation) Investigators and Patients, atrial fibrillation, cardiac resynchronization therapy, health status, patient-reported outcomes, quality of life, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences, Medical physiology
Abstract

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) adversely impacts health-related quality of life (hrQoL). While some patients demonstrate improvements in hrQoL, the factors associated with large improvements in hrQoL are not well described.MethodsWe assessed factors associated with a 1-year increase in the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality-of-Life score of 1 SD (≥18 points; 3× clinically important difference), among outpatients in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation I registry.ResultsOverall, 28% (181/636) of patients had such a hrQoL improvement. Compared with patients not showing large hrQoL improvement, they were of similar age (median 73 versus 74, P=0.3), equally likely to be female (44% versus 48%, P=0.3), but more likely to have newly diagnosed AF at baseline (18% versus 8%; P=0.0004), prior antiarrhythmic drug use (52% versus 40%, P=0.005), baseline antiarrhythmic drug use (34.8% versus 26.8%, P=0.045), and more likely to undergo AF-related procedures during follow-up (AF ablation: 6.6% versus 2.0%, P=0.003; cardioversion: 12.2% versus 5.9%, P=0.008). In multivariable analysis, a history of alcohol abuse (adjusted OR, 2.41; P=0.01) and increased baseline diastolic blood pressure (adjusted OR, 1.23 per 10-point increase and >65 mm Hg; P=0.04) were associated with large improvements in hrQoL at 1 year, whereas patients with prior stroke/transient ischemic attack, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and peripheral arterial disease were less likely to improve (P

Published
2020

3. Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel, and dipyridamole versus clopidogrel alone or aspirin and dipyridamole in patients with acute cerebral ischaemia (TARDIS): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 superiority trial

Author

Christensen, L M, Bentsen, L, Krarup Hansen, C, Thomsen, T T, Kruuse, C, Jensen, H H, Hansen, S S, Petrovic, V, Beridze, N, Kakabadze, N, Kherkheulidze, T, Kakabadze, D, Toidze, I, Lobjanidze, N, Akiashvili, N, Tevdoradze, A, Khizanishvili, N, Tsanava, T, Taylor, R, Iniesta, I, Kok, J, Duignan, J, Funnell, M, Cariga, P, Rodriguez, M, Watson, I J, Tennant, S, Macleod, M, Furnace, J, Gow, H, Irvine, J, Joyson, A, Nelson, S, Taylor, V, Smith, M, Bellfield, R, Hairsine, B, Davies, R, Dodd, A, Corrigan, J, Doherty, M, Ahmed, A, Denniss, C, Johnson-Holland, S, Kay, K A, Palau, R Icart, Auld, G, Daboo, P, Erande, R, Grimwood, G, Hove, D, Howaniec, L, Redjep, O, Rangasamay, R, Butt, G, Sandler, D, Reddan, J, Stafford, S, McIlmoyle, J, Maguire, S, Murphy, P, Chambers, J, Guthrie, L, Osborn, M, Steele, A, Burn, M, Benford, A, Misra, A, Hilton, D, O'Brien, E, Amis, E, Finlay, S, Mitchell, J, Geraghty, O, Harvey, K, Hazel, B, Mashate, S, Wilding, P, Sajid, M, Ball, M, Gascoyne, R, Sivakumar, R, Wright, A, Chatterjee, K, Booth, S, Eccleson, H, Kelly, C, Leason, S, Perkins, C, Bruce, D, Brown, E, Clayton, S, Garside, M, Rogers, G, Lawrence, E, Mahmood, S, Watchurst, C, Chadha, D, Glover, L, Holford, L, Smith, K, Walstow, D, Williams, R, O'Shea, L, Goodsell, J, Athulathmudali, C, Barbon, E, Namushi, R, Jacob, P, Johnson, L, Morse, D, McGhee, C, Speirs, O, Atkinson, S, Peacocke, A, Langhorne, P, Graham, R, Wright, F, McAlpine, C, Ravindrane, A, Bajoriene, M, Matter, L, Windebank, S, Giallombardo, E, Dellafera, D, Eglinton, C, Wilson, J, Broughton, D, Chapman, K, Dixon, L, Zaidi, M, Ayes, K, Kessell, J, Manawadu, D, Adegbaju, O, Aeron-Thomas, J, Anderson, K, Brigden, A, Cattermole, E, Good, J, Hassan, S, Khoromana, E, Lee-Carbon, L, Marks, K, Mckenzie, E, Sikondari, N, Cooper, M, Whysall, K, Wynter, I, Bamford, J, Hassan, A, Wanklyn, P, Kambafwile, M, Makawa, L, Waugh, D, Veraque, E, Soliman, MGG, Arif, S, Brown, R, Butler, S, Hewitt, C, Hindle, J, Pusalkar, A, Beadle, H, Chan, K, Siddiqui, M, Dangri, P, Buddha, S, Asokanathan, A, Mistri, A, Eveson, D, Musarrat, K, Manning, L, Anand, S, Christian, P, Khan, S, Patel, C, Sein, M, Banns, J, Gibson, E, Gordon, T, Gruenbeck, Y, Wong, S, Datta, P, Bateman, G, Jackson, L, Needle, A, Duodu, Y, Oliver, R, Padilla-Harris, C, Barber, M, Esson, D, Brodie, F, McInnes, C, Fotherby, K, Butler, D, Morgan, D, Preece, K, Willberry, A, Dent, M, Hammonds, F, Hunt, J, Vernon, C, O'Kane, D, Faola, F, Lai, P, O'Callaghan, J, Smith, C, Price, C, Lakey, R, Riddell, V, Smith, A, Storey, G, Munshi, S, Buck, A, Clarke, J, Gilzeane, N, Godfrey, M, Keshvara, R, Richardson, C, Roffe, J, Ryan, L, Shelton, F, Sunman, W, Tittle, A, Tomlinson, J, Whittamore, K, Wilkes, G, Owusu-Agyei, P, Temple, N, Mangion, D, Hardwick, A, Netherton, K, Nor, A Mohd, Hyams, B, Norman, S, Persad, N, Ragab, S, Dickson, C, Dube, J, Jinks, E, Knops, K, Wadams, B, Ali, K, Gaylard, J, Spurling, G, Sztriha, L, Ajao, T, Alao, M, Chan, F K, Webster, P, Howard, P, Dobson, T J, Hyatt, L, Sims, D, Cunningham, J, Esisi, B, Cassidy, T, Bokhari, M, McClelland, B, Mokoena, B, Gunathilagan, G, Jones, S, Reader, M, Thomas, G, Tilby, S, Findlay, P, Barrett, F, Leslie, F, Ross, S, Shread, I, Okwera, J, Howe, J, Harrington, F, Courtauld, G, Schofield, C, Donnelly, R, Maddula, M, Scott, J, Beavan, J, Muhidden, K, Memon, I, Clarke, M, Hedstrom, A, Mills, L, Hemsley, A, Bowring, A, Boxall, L, Kingwell, H, Keenan, S, Roughan, C, Manoj, A, Cox, P, Fletcher, G, Lopez, P, Emsley, H, Gregary, B, McLoughlin, A, Raj, S, Roffe, C, Abano, N, Barry, A, Butler, A, Carpio, R, Castro, K, Finney, K, Gomm, S, Hiden, J, Grocott, J, Lyjko, S, Maguire, H, Remegoso, A, Sanyal, R, Stevens, S, Natarajan, I, Chembala, J, Muddegowda, G, Warusevitane, A, Blight, A, Balazikova, O, Lawlor, C, Shaw, L, Button, D, Howcroft, D, Lucas, S, Madigan, B, McCann, S, Dixit, A, Barkat, A, Davis, J, Fawcett, M, Finlay, L, Guy, H, Hays, C, Hogg, V, Horsley, E, Hubbuck, C, Pringle, C, Stevenson, C, Storey, K, Thompson, T, Woodward, S, Banerjee, A, Allcock, C, Merotra, S, Douglass, C, Campbell, E, Jarapa, R, Johnes, M, Keaveney, C, Marsden, T, Naing, Z, Perez, J, Shaw, K, Black, T, Anthony, A, Clarke, C, Paterson, J, Deighton, K, Temlett, E, Blank, C, Doyle, C, Duty, S, Gill, K, Harkness, K, Kamara, C, Richards, E, Elfandi, K, Guyler, P, Harman, P, Khuoge, C, Kunhunny, S, Tysoe, S, Moynihan, B, Adedoyin, T, Chopra, N, Dayal, N, Ghatala, R, Jeyaraj, N, Jones, I, Kennedy, F, Kerin, L, Khanom, N, Lewis, S, Maheswaran, S, Montague, L, Niemierko, M, O'Reilly, J, Trippier, S, Watson, F, Wilkinson, P, Young, E, Dizayee, K, Cochrane, H, O'Connell, J, Mokoena, L, Osborne, E, Nair, A, Greig, J, Jenkins, C, Powell, J, Price, F, Chowdhury, M, Brixey, S, Hunt, L, Rands, N, Rose, G, Stoddart, S, Srinivasan, M, Motherwell, N, Shekhar, R, Fuller, T, Lankester, A, Lingwood, P, Rankin, C, Webb, H, Jupp, B, Bell, J, Hann, G, Longland, B, Ovington, C, Bhaskaran, B, Ayres, G, Bailey, C, Bearne, H, Buxton, J, Fitzell, P, Hilaire, C, Kelly, D, Szabo, S, Tomlin, D, Gamble, E, Charles, B, Kumar, R, Fluskey, T, Mellor, Z, Peters, J, Sutton, V, Kenton, A, Martin, I, Nyabadza, S, Ghosh, S, Henry, M, Kumar, B, Ambulo, C, Crawford, S, Nozedar, T, Platton, M, Cvoro, V, Couser, M, McCormick, K, Wilkinson, D, Javaid, K, Hurdowar, S, Attygalle, T, Sundayi, S, Orugun, O, Crowther, H, Jolly, R, Poultney, U, Azim, A, Krasinska-Chavez, M, White, J, Sengupta, N, Margalef, J, Metiu, M G, Meenakshisundaram, S, Dealing, S, Hargroves, D, Beranova, E, Cowie, L, Rudenko, H, Thomson, A, Verrion, A, Rashed, K, Board, S, Buckley, C, Hayward, D, Jenkins, K, Keeling, E, Rowland-Axe, R, Vickers, C, Wood, D, Lehman, A, Patel, M, Russell, H, Rehman, H, Forrest, D, Farren, P, Bath, Philip M, Woodhouse, Lisa J, Appleton, Jason P, Beridze, Maia, Christensen, Hanne, Dineen, Robert A, Duley, Lelia, England, Timothy J, Flaherty, Katie, Havard, Diane, Heptinstall, Stan, James, Marilyn, Krishnan, Kailash, Markus, Hugh S, Montgomery, Alan A, Pocock, Stuart J, Randall, Marc, Ranta, Annemarei, Robinson, Thompson G, Scutt, Polly, Venables, Graham S, and Sprigg, Nikola

Published
2018
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6. Ionic Liquid (EmimAc)-Water Mixture Confined in Nanoporous Glass Matrices Studied With High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy

Author

Frielinghaus, H., Fomina, M., Hayward, D., Dubey, P. S., Jaksch, S., Falus, P., Fouquet, P., Fruhner, L., and Holderer, O.

Subjects
Materials Science (miscellaneous), Biophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, ddc:530, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We report on the structure and diffusion behaviour of the various constituent molecules in ionic liquid (IL) mixtures under confinement in nanoporous glasses. X-Ray diffraction measurements indicate that the ions adopt a lamellar arrangement under confinement. Furthermore, using selective deuteration in combination with high resolution neutron spectroscopy reveals how the dynamics and the activation energy of the IL is affected by different confinement conditions (pore sizes 50 Å and 135 Å) and different temperatures (265 and 318 K). With different deuteration schemes we could separate the different motions of acetate and water. The confinement leads to distortions of the domains, which gives more room for diffusion. In the smaller pores, the stronger distortion gives even more room such that the hydrogen bonds between acetate and water seem to be even stronger than in bulk and weaker confinement. The results are discussed in the context of previous measurements on dry samples.

Published
2022
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22. Prevalence and causes of fasting hypertriglyceridaemia in Australian Miniature Schnauzers

Author

Bunn, T.A., Howard, G., Foster, S., Hayward, D., Hosgood, G., Irwin, P., Rossi, G., Langner, K., Bunn, T.A., Howard, G., Foster, S., Hayward, D., Hosgood, G., Irwin, P., Rossi, G., and Langner, K.

Abstract

Fasting hypertriglyceridaemia can occur as a primary disorder or secondary to underlying diseases such as hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism. Primary hypertriglyceridaemia in Miniature Schnauzers has a reported prevalence of approximately 30% in North America, increasing with age. Data on the prevalence of primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia in other countries are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and causes of fasting hypertriglyceridaemia in Australian Miniature Schnauzers. 3126 ABSTRACT Two hundred and fifteen healthy Miniature Schnauzers were recruited into a cross-sectional study. Each dog was assessed with an owner questionnaire and a physical examination. Triglyceride concentrations were measured after a 15-hour fast. If fasting hypertriglyceridemia was identified, haematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis (including urine protein:creatinine ratio), total thyroxine (including thyroid stimulating hormone if total thyroxine was low) and a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test were performed. Dogs with no underlying cause for the fasting hypertriglyceridemia had an adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation test. Thirty dogs with normal triglyceride concentrations underwent the same testing to act as controls. Forty of 215 dogs (18.6%; 95% CI: 14.0%-24.3%) had fasting hypertriglyceridemia. The prevalence of fasting hypertriglyceridaemia increased with age; 0%, 9%, 11%, 26% and 64% in dogs <1 year,1-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-9 years and >9 years, respectively. Thirty-nine hypertriglyceridaemic dogs underwent further testing and 31 (79.4%; 95% CI: 63.5%-90.7%) had hyperadrenocorticism, one (2.5%; 95% CI: 0%-13.4%) had hypothyroidism and seven (17.9%; 95% CI: 7.5%-33.5%) had primary hypertriglyceridemia. Ten of the 30 control dogs (33.3%; 95% CI: 17.2%-52.8%) were diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism. No other diseases were identified in the control group. Fasting hypertriglyceridaemia was significantly as

Published
2021

23. Association of proteinuria with fasting hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperadrenocorticism in Australian Miniature Schnauzers

Author

Bunn, T.A., Howard, G., Foster, S., Hayward, D., Bruce, M., Rossi, G., Langner, K., Bunn, T.A., Howard, G., Foster, S., Hayward, D., Bruce, M., Rossi, G., and Langner, K.

Abstract

Proteinuria has been described in Miniature Schnauzers with primary hypertriglyceridaemia. Hyperadrenocorticism can also cause fasting hypertriglyceridaemia and proteinuria with no overt progression to renal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of proteinuria with primary hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperadrenocorticism in Australian Miniature Schnauzers. Two hundred and fifteen healthy Miniature Schnauzers were recruited into a cross-sectional study. Each dog was assessed with an owner questionnaire and a physical examination. Triglyceride concentrations were measured after a 15-hour fast. If fasting hypertriglyceridaemia was identified, haematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis including urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPCR), total thyroxine (including thyroid stimulating hormone if total thyroxine was low) and a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test were performed. Dogs with no underlying cause for the fasting hypertriglyceridaemia had an adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation test performed. Thirty of the dogs with normal triglyceride concentrations underwent the same testing to act as controls. Proteinuria was defined as UPCR ≥ 0.5. Forty of 215 dogs (18.6%; 95% CI: 14.0%-24.3%) had fasting hypertriglyceridaemia. Thirty-nine hypertriglyceridaemic dogs underwent further testing and 31 (79.4%; 95% CI: 63.5%-90.7%) had hyperadrenocorticism, one (2.5%; 95% CI: 0%-13.4%) had hypothyroidism and seven (17.9%; 95% CI: 7.5%-33.5%) had primary hypertriglyceridaemia. Ten of the 30 control dogs (33.3%; 95% CI: 17.2%-52.8%) were diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism. No other diseases were identified in the control group. The UPCR was assessed in 39 hypertriglyceridaemic dogs and 29 controls. Proteinuria was associated with hypertriglyceridaemia (P<0.001); an increased UPCR was detected in 18 of 39 hypertriglyceridaemic dogs and 0 of 29 dogs with normal triglycerides. Two dogs with proteinuria had primary hypertriglyceridaemia, 15 had hyperadr

Published
2021

39. Guidance for the Conduct and Reporting of Clinical Trials of Breast Milk Substitutes

Author

Jarrold, K, Helfer, B, Eskander, M, Crawley, H, Trabulsi, J, Caulfield, LE, Duffy, G, Garcia-Larsen, V, Hayward, D, Hyde, M, Jeffries, S, Knip, M, Leonardi-Bee, J, Loder, E, Lodge, CJ, Lowe, AJ, McGuire, W, Osborn, D, Przyrembel, H, Renfrew, MJ, Trumbo, P, Warner, J, Schneeman, B, Boyle, RJ, Jarrold, K, Helfer, B, Eskander, M, Crawley, H, Trabulsi, J, Caulfield, LE, Duffy, G, Garcia-Larsen, V, Hayward, D, Hyde, M, Jeffries, S, Knip, M, Leonardi-Bee, J, Loder, E, Lodge, CJ, Lowe, AJ, McGuire, W, Osborn, D, Przyrembel, H, Renfrew, MJ, Trumbo, P, Warner, J, Schneeman, B, and Boyle, RJ

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Breast milk substitutes (BMS) are important nutritional products evaluated in clinical trials. Concerns have been raised about the risk of bias in BMS trials, the reliability of claims that arise from such trials, and the potential for BMS trials to undermine breastfeeding in trial participants. Existing clinical trial guidance does not fully address issues specific to BMS trials. OBJECTIVES: To establish new methodological criteria to guide the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of BMS trials and to support clinical trialists designing and undertaking BMS trials, editors and peer reviewers assessing trial reports for publication, and regulators evaluating the safety, nutritional adequacy, and efficacy of BMS products. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A modified Delphi method was conducted, involving 3 rounds of anonymous questionnaires and a face-to-face consensus meeting between January 1 and October 24, 2018. Participants were 23 experts in BMS trials, BMS regulation, trial methods, breastfeeding support, infant feeding research, and medical publishing, and were affiliated with institutions across Europe, North America, and Australasia. Guidance development was supported by an industry consultation, analysis of methodological issues in a sample of published BMS trials, and consultations with BMS trial participants and a research ethics committee. RESULTS: An initial 73 criteria, derived from the literature, were sent to the experts. The final consensus guidance contains 54 essential criteria and 4 recommended criteria. An 18-point checklist summarizes the criteria that are specific to BMS trials. Key themes emphasized in the guidance are research integrity and transparency of reporting, supporting breastfeeding in trial participants, accurate description of trial interventions, and use of valid and meaningful outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Implementation of this guidance should enhance the quality and validity of BMS trials, prot

Published
2020

41. Investigation of cure in epoxy acrylate resins using rheological and dielectric measurements

Author

Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli, Hayward, D., Mackinnon, A.J., and Pethrick, R.A.

Subjects
Crosslinked polymers -- Research -- Mechanical properties -- Analysis, Epoxy resins -- Analysis -- Mechanical properties -- Research, Curing -- Analysis -- Research -- Mechanical properties, Polymers -- Mechanical properties -- Analysis -- Research, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology, Mechanical properties, Analysis, Research
Abstract

Dielectric and theological measurements are reported for the cure in a series of mixtures of an epoxy-acrylate with n-butyl methacrylate. The level of the initiator and proportions of the epoxy acrylate and n-butyl methacrylate influence the cure characteristics and morphology of the film formed. Analysis of the theological data indicates that during the curing process, microphase separation occurs within the mixture. The changes in the dielectric relaxation behavior with composition of the completely cured material is also consistent with microphase separation occurring in these resins while they are cured., INTRODUCTION Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are unique types of polyblends obtained by either independently crosslinking or simultaneously polymerizing monomer systems (1-3). These materials are finding a wide range of applications, [...]

Published
1995

45. MAD1-dependent recruitment of CDK1-CCNB1 to kinetochores promotes spindle checkpoint signaling

Author

Alfonso-Pérez, T, Hayward, D, Holder, J, Gruneberg, U, and Barr, F

Subjects
Time Factors, Cell Cycle Proteins, Spindle Apparatus, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, environment and public health, HEK293 Cells, Report, CDC2 Protein Kinase, Humans, M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Cyclin B1, Kinetochores, Research Articles, HeLa Cells, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction
Abstract

CDK1-CCNB1 plays a well-established role in promoting mitosis. Alfonso-Pérez et al. now show that CDK1-CCNB1 forms a complex with the spindle checkpoint protein MAD1 at unattached kinetochores that directly promotes spindle checkpoint signaling., Cyclin B–dependent kinase (CDK1-CCNB1) promotes entry into mitosis. Additionally, it inhibits mitotic exit by activating the spindle checkpoint. This latter role is mediated through phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinase MPS1 and other spindle checkpoint proteins. We find that CDK1-CCNB1 localizes to unattached kinetochores and like MPS1 is lost from these structures upon microtubule attachment. This suggests that CDK1-CCNB1 is an integral component and not only an upstream regulator of the spindle checkpoint pathway. Complementary proteomic and cell biological analysis demonstrate that the spindle checkpoint protein MAD1 is one of the major components of CCNB1 complexes, and that CCNB1 is recruited to unattached kinetochores in an MPS1-dependent fashion through interaction with the first 100 amino acids of MAD1. This MPS1 and MAD1-dependent pool of CDK1-CCNB1 creates a positive feedback loop necessary for timely recruitment of MPS1 to kinetochores during mitotic entry and for sustained spindle checkpoint arrest. CDK1-CCNB1 is therefore an integral component of the spindle checkpoint, ensuring the fidelity of mitosis.

Published
2019
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47. Mekong State of Land (1st draft)

Author

Ingalls, M.L., Diepart, J.C., Truong, N., Hayward, D., Neil, T., Sem, T., Phomphakdy, M., Bernahrd, R., Fogarizzu, S., Epprecht, M., Nanthavong, V., Vo, D.H., Nguyen, D., Nguyen, P.A., Saphanthong, T., Inthavong, C., Hett, C., Tagliarino, Nicholas Korte, and Public Interests and Private Relationships

Published
2018

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