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Climate change and rapid urbanization have intensified the frequency and severity of flooding, resulting in substantial damage to communities and infrastructure. Existing research on flood risk addresses a wide range of dimensions, ranging from physical to managerial aspects, which adds complexity to the assessment process. This paper introduces the Integrated Risk Linkages (IRL) Framework to provide a systematic approach to flood risk assessment. The IRL Framework defines risk as the intersection of hazard and vulnerability, where vulnerability is shaped by exposure and susceptibility. Resilience, including coping and adaptive capacities, serves as a counterbalance to vulnerability, offering pathways to mitigate flood impacts. Guided by the IRL framework, this study conducts a comprehensive review of the literature to identify and organize a detailed set of 99 criteria and sub-criteria into three overarching hierarchical structures: hazard, susceptibility, and resilience. Furthermore, the paper evaluates existing flood risk assessment methods, emphasizing their characteristics and practical applicability. The IRL framework presented in this study offers essential insights for navigating the complexities of flood risk management, serving as a valuable reference for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. Its flexibility empowers users to adapt the framework by utilizing specific components or its entire hierarchical structure, depending on data availability and research objectives, thereby enhancing its applicability across diverse contexts. Article Highlights: This study develops the Integrated Risk Linkages (IRL) framework which provides a systematic approach to flood risk assessment. A comprehensive review of existing literature is conducted, organizing 99 criteria/sub-criteria into three hierarchical structures for hazard, susceptibility, and resilience. The paper addresses challenges in data quality and integration by promoting flexibility and adaptability in applying the IRL framework along with the proposed hierarchical structures across diverse contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective risk and crisis communication can improve health and safety and reduce harmful effects of hazards and disasters. A robust body of literature investigates mechanisms for improving risk and crisis communication. While effective risk and crisis communication strategies are equally desired across different hazard types (e.g., natural hazards, cyber security), the extent to which risk and crisis communication experts utilize the “lessons learned” from scientific domains outside their own is suspect. Therefore, we hypothesized that risk and crisis communication research is siloed according to academic disciplines at the detriment to the advancement of the field of risk communications research writ large. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the disciplinarity of 5,078 published articles containing risk and crisis communication keywords using a combination of simple descriptive statistics, natural language processing, and hierarchical clustering. Finding that the risk communication research is siloed according to disciplinary lexicons, we present our findings as a call for convergence amongst our risk and crisis communication scholars to bridge across our silos. In so doing, we will increase our ability to affect transformative change in the efficacy of our risk and crises messages across myriad hazard types – from cyclones to cybersecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in the impact of disasters on conflict risks is burgeoning. This is particularly the case for the Indo-Pacific region, which is highly vulnerable to disasters and experiences geopolitical competition as well as several armed conflicts. So far, the literature has predominantly focussed on the impact of disasters on higher conflict risks. We argue that considering the option that disasters can (temporarily) reduce conflict risks would benefit research, politics, and practice. To illustrate this argument, we focus on two possible mechanisms. First, disasters can catalyse short-term declines in armed conflict intensity by providing constraints to the conflict parties. This mechanism is supported by evidence from the civil wars in Kashmir (after the 2005 earthquake) and Bangladesh (after cyclone Sidr in 2007). Second, disasters provide opportunities for diplomacy between states, which can in turn reduce conflict risks, even though such diplomacy might suffer from a politicisation of disaster relief. Evidence from Australian disaster diplomacy after the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake (Indonesia) and the 2022 volcanic eruption in Tonga supports this mechanism. A more comprehensive, less conflict-focussed ontology would benefit further research on disasters and conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nanomaterial life-cycle risk assessment (Nano LCRA) was conducted for second-generation functionalized cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) in five case studies, including applications in water filtration, food contact packaging (including as an additive and coating), and food additives, to identify and prioritize potential occupational, health, consumer, and environmental risks. Exposure scenarios were developed and ranked for each product life-cycle stage. A Safer-by-Design Toolbox (SbD Toolbox) representing a compendium of high-throughput physical, chemical, and toxicological new approach methodologies (NAMs) was used for a screening-level hazard assessment. Overall, risks identified for the CN-enabled products were low. Of the exposure scenarios, occupational inhalation exposures during product manufacturing and application ranked the highest. Despite differences in chemistry and morphology, the materials behaved similarly in oral, dermal, and inhalation models, supporting their grouping and read-across. The screening-level hazard assessment identified potential lung inflammation associated with CN exposure, and a review of the literature supported this funding, suggesting CNs behave as poorly soluble, low-toxicity dusts with the potential to irritate the lung. Key research gaps to reduce uncertainty include evaluating long-term, low-dose exposures typical of the workplace, as well as the potential release and toxicity of CN-containing composite particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR Ab) has become one of the leading causes of life-threatening, hospital-acquired infections globally, especially with a notable prevalence in intensive care units (ICUs). The cross-transmission of microorganisms between patients and the hospital setting is crucial in the development of CR Ab colonization and subsequent infections. Recent studies indicate that colonization typically precedes infection, suggesting the effectiveness and necessity of preventing CR Ab colonization as a primary method to lower infection risks. As CR Ab infections tend to draw more attention due to their severe symptoms and poor outcomes, understanding the link between colonization and infection is equally vital. To establish a foundation for prevention and control strategies against CR Ab colonization in ICUs, we present a comprehensive review of research pertaining to CR Ab in ICUs. This encompasses an analysis of the resistance mechanisms and epidemiological characteristics of CR Ab , a discussion on associated risk factors, adverse outcomes, and an evaluation of detection methods and preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the rapid development of the construction economy in Foshan City has led to increasingly apparent geological phenomena of ground subsidence, causing damage to buildings and infrastructures, lowering groundwater level, soil degradation, and environmental pollution. These issues have severely constrained the economic development of Foshan City. This paper utilized SBAS-InSAR technology to monitor ground deformation in Foshan City over the 2017–2022 period and identified 214 potential subsidence hazards. Additionally, integrating extensive surface deformation data from a long time series establishes a risk assessment index system for ground subsidence, primarily driven by construction activities. Further, the mechanism of the ground subsidence was analyzed systematically. Meanwhile, introducing the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP) to assess the risk of Foshan City, the results showed that the proportion of area from high-risk to low-risk zones is 8.55%, 8.64%, 11.79%, 22.38% and 48.64%, respectively. Moreover, this paper proposed corresponding measures to prevent and control ground subsidence. The evaluation results can provide a scientific reference for future geological disaster prevention and management in Foshan City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, the frequency of natural hazard incidents has steadily risen, leading to substantial human casualties, infrastructure destruction, societal and economic disruption. The occurrence of disasters, both of natural and human origin, has exhibited an upward trend in frequency over the past few decades on a global scale, posing a significant threat to diverse populations. Over time, remote sensing technologies have proven to be effective in analysing and monitoring diverse natural disasters, including but not limited to droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and cyclones. The significant extent of its coverage capacity and the ability to repeat observations make its application economically efficient. This paper aims to elucidate the fundamental contributions and role of remote sensing in disaster management applications. In a comprehensive analysis, this study explores recent practical applications in the context of disaster events. The utilisation of diverse methodologies and functions of remote sensing in disaster monitoring and control is further expanded to encompass the domain of disaster risk management, employing cutting‐edge sensors and satellites from emerging technological advancements. This paper also addresses challenges related to disaster monitoring, detection and management. Emergencies, particularly during typical catastrophe scenarios, often witness partial disruptions in communication networks. Consequently, the role of alternative networks becomes paramount in enabling effective disaster detection and management strategies. Emerging issues are highlighted, and potential directions for future research are outlined and also support sustainable development goal 13 (climate action). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Electrical hazards on farms are one of the occupational risks that contributes to farm injury and fatality. Whilst electricity accounts for a low number of farm injuries each year, it is disproportionately fatal. The aim of this study is to raise the awareness of electrical safety on farms by providing an overview of the literature that explores the evidence of farmers' perception of electrical risk. The review sought evidence of farmers' efforts to promote electrical safety awareness and uptake of electrocution prevention strategies. Method: A rapid review was performed following the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Method Group and PRISMA guidelines, searching grey and peer-reviewed databases with criteria that included both farming and electrical risk. This resulted in 35 key articles of interest and five themes. Results: The prevalent causes and contributing factors of electrical incidents and near misses on farms is not easily explained. Farmers overlook its presence as one of the hazards on farm, but at the same time the element of danger or threat of electrocution deters farmers from taking unnecessary risks. The data to profile farmers at risk of electrical injury is inadequate however the scope of risk is described through five themes: epidemiology, risk perception, exposure, intervention and prevention. Conclusion: Due to the seriousness of electrical injury, intervention and prevention strategies need to specifically address electrical hazards rather than incorporate electricity as a risk into all of the hazards found on farms. The review recommends future work that engages with Australian farmers and farm workers to better understand their experience of electricity exposures, the risks they are willing to take around overhead powerlines, and their insights into how to make working on farms safer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the environmental and socio-economic impacts of oil spills on the Caspian shoreline. Proactive ecological management must include diverse static and dynamic information to measure pollution's environmental and human impacts. This study develops a hybrid environmental sensitivity index (ESI) map for Azerbaijan's coast, integrating biological, socio-economic, and physical sensitivity data with historical risk measures. The ESI assists local and national managers to plan and improve response readiness to oil spills. The approach could also be applied across all Caspian littoral states, where increasing oil activities heighten risks in vulnerable areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the potential for occupational health and safety hazards using the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) method and to provide recommendations for resolving the root causes of work accidents using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). This study was conducted at PT. X, engaged in the plantation and processing of latex, is called Crumb Rubber. Based on data from 2022 to 2023, there are eight potential work accidents caused by several factors, such as the work environment, machines, and humans. The company has implemented an occupational health and safety program to support the safety of the company workforce. Even so, work accidents in the company still occur due to workers not being aware of the importance of occupational health and safety; this can be seen in workers who ignore their safety by not using complete personal protective equipment provided by the company. This still causes the potential for work accidents to occur. The study results show that the Hazard and Operability analysis revealed four different sources of danger that need attention: Low risk, such as split palms and slipping; Medium risk, including incidents such as sprained hands. High risk, including the potential for feet being stabbed by hooks, injured or cut hands, blistered and itchy hands, forklift accidents, and exposure to chemicals. Extreme risk is the potential for eye irritation. Based on the root causes of work accidents that have been observed using the Hazard and Operability method, recommendations were obtained using the Fault Tree Analysis method in the form of improving work attitudes, including creating a work health and safety training schedule, developing worksheets, and implementing attractive poster displays (visual displays). Recommendations for improving work environment conditions are recommended, especially managing puddles and chemical spills and optimizing machine maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish a highly sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ci-ELISA) method for the determination of florfenicol (FF) in egg and chicken meat. Based on the obtained monoclonal antibodies against florfenicol, a chessboard test was employed to determine the optimal working concentration of artificial antigen and antibody, and then established a ci-ELISA method, and characterized its performance. The results showed that the ci-ELISA method had a detection limit of 5.433 pg/mL, an IC50 of 30.893 pg/mL, and a detection range between 5.433 and 193.577 pg/mL. The coefficient of variation was below 10%, indicating satisfactory precision. The spiked recoveries in egg samples were between 90.03% and 95.24%, and the spiked recoveries in chicken meat samples were between 90.56% and 93.04%. In conclusion, the developed ci-ELISA method is highly sensitive and suitable for monitoring and detection of trace amounts of FF residues in eggs and chicken meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Hazards & Environment (JNHE) / Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi (DACD) is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Imatinib therapy is the gold standard for the treatment of unresectable and metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, few studies have reported the long-term outcomes of the treatment. Methods: Seventy patients who underwent imatinib therapy for unresectable and metastatic GISTs were enrolled between 2001 and 2009, and follow-up data were collected until October 2023. One hundred and sixty-eight months had passed since the final enrollment. The outcome measures were patient survival and the status of GIST and imatinib therapy. The cumulative incidence of disease progression (PD) and the chronological changes in PD hazard rate (HR) were also analyzed. Results: The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year overall survival rates were 64.3%, 30.0%, 16.8%, and 12.2%, respectively. Sixty of the 70 enrolled patients died before the data cutoff date: 47 (78.3%) patients died of GIST progression while the remaining 13 (21.7%) died of diseases other than GISTs. The cumulative incidence of PD logarithmically increased, and PD continued even after 10 years of treatment. PD HR decreased over time to reach the lowest value at 9.6 years after the initiation of treatment (HR 0.00027; 95% CI 0.00007–0.00174) and after that formed a small peak at 13 years (HR 0.00144; 95% CI 0.00043–0.00436). Conclusions: Imatinib therapy showed high clinical efficacy in terms of long-term survival in GIST patients. However, patients undergoing imatinib therapy were at continuous risk of PD even after the 10-year treatment. Long-term treatment and follow-up beyond 10 years are necessary for unresectable and metastatic GIST patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systemic dimension of contemporary hazards challenges the management and theorisation of risk, which were designed for a single category of hazard (natural, financial, etc.). A trend in social science literature now perceives the concept of risk as outdated. The concept of resilience has also been criticised for giving the illusion of the perfect control of hazards, although observations of current events such as climate-related catastrophes seriously contradict this possibility. The concept of risk based on probabilistic forecasting still provides important tools for managing hazards, whether exceptional or more ordinary. What are the new boundaries of the concept of risk? How can we take its systemic dimension into account? This special issue aims to grasp these empirical developments by exploring the notion of multi-risks, defined as a set of various risks and their combined effects. This notion of multi-risk seems particularly appropriate to address recent trends in the agricultural sector [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-Introduction Due to the large area and receiving adequate rainfall during the cold and spring seasons, the Aji Chai River and its tributaries become flooded with the beginning of the spring season. In the current study, an attempt was made to prepare a flood hazard potential map in the Aji Chai basin using data mining algorithms. For this purpose, 18 effective parameters in flood occurrence were used. The investigated parameters were Elevation, Slope, Aspect, Topographic wetness index, Sediment transport index, Stream power index, earth curvature, Rainfall, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, land use, Distance to dam, Distance to bridge, Distance to the river, River density, hydrological soil groups, Drainage texture, Geomorphology and lithology. The information layers of all parameters were prepared in raster format in the ArcGIS software. 2- Research Methodology The study area of the current study is the Aji Chai basin, which is located in East Azerbaijan province in terms of political divisions. This basin is located in the east of Lake Urmia and its area is about 10985.9 Km2. The elevation changes of the basin are from 1255 meters at the outlet of the basin to 3816 meters in the slopes of Sablan Mountain. The most important river that drains the surface water of this basin is Aji Chai. Four data mining algorithms including Random Forest, Random Subspace, Rotation Forest, and Dagging were used to achieve the purpose of the research. To implement the research models, the location of 274 flood points that happened in the past was used. The map of the location of the flood points in the area was prepared through the information of the regional water company of East Azerbaijan province, field survey, and also the Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI-TIRS sensor. The implementation steps of all models have been done in WEKA data mining software. WEKA software has been introduced as a machine learning software for the first time in New Zealand and at the University of Waikato. In this research, in order to evaluate the accuracy of flood risk potential maps, receiver operating characteristic curve or system performance characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) have been used. In the ROC curve, the X-axis shows the detection value or specificity (the percentage of non-flooded pixels that are correctly classified as non-flooded) and the Y-axis shows the sensitivity value (the percentage of flood pixels that are correctly classified as flooded). Variance inflation factor (VIF) and tolerance (T) indexes were used to determine multiple collinearity between independent variables. The presence of collinearity between the selected parameters causes the final maps to be of low accuracy. 3- Results The results of multiple collinearity analysis showed that except for the drainage texture parameter, other independent variables selected to prepare flood hazard potential maps have low collinearity. Therefore, 17 parameters have been used in flood hazard modeling using data-mining algorithms. The results of examining the importance of each of the parameters in the process of implementing data mining algorithms showed that in the Random subspace model, the parameters of the elevation classes, slope, distance to river and lithology were the most important, respectively. In the Dagging model, the most important effective factors were: Elevation, hydrological soil groups, Topographic wetness index, Distance to the river and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. In the Rotation Forest model, the parameters of lithology, slope, Rainfall, Elevation and Distance to the river were the most important factors, respectively. The most important effective factors in the Random Forest (RS) model were: Elevation, Distance to the river, slope and Rainfall, respectively. 4- Discussion & Conclusions Flood hazard potential maps were prepared based on data mining algorithms in the ArcGIS software environment and in five classes with the title of very low, low, moderate, high and very high potential. Examining the final maps shows that the spatial distribution pattern of hazards zones is the same in all maps. So that in all the maps, the heights and steep slopes have very low potential. The distribution of flood points in the classes of the slope map shows that more than 80% of the floods occurred on the slopes of 0-10%, which indicates the effect of this factor on the floods of the region. Examining the area of each of the flood hazard classes in the final maps obtained from data mining algorithms shows that in all maps, more than 30% of the area of the basin are located in high and very high classes. The evaluation of the accuracy of the models using the ROC curve and the area under the curve showed that Random forest model has performed better than other models with the AUC 0.94. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging technologies such as the internet of things, digital twin, and artificial intelligence are forging ahead rapidly. However, its exercise in the industrial field is not observed due to a lack of knowledge of its application framework and methodology. This research objects to develop a ready to implement 'Industrial internet of things technology' (IIoT) framework dedicatedly for industrial process heaters. The framework is developed for accounting compatibility for PLC/DCS systems, gateway connections, control interfaces, and data availability for future aspects of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), etc. however the development of specific codes for digital twin, internet of things, AI, and ML may be done separately. Although, this study focuses on vertical cylindrical heaters; it is also applicable to other types of thermal equipment. The IIoT has potential beyond the capacity of PLCs and DCSs in process control and management. The industry will have a positive commercial impact by eliminating unscheduled failures and maintenance and providing seamless services. It will also address social aspects of human safety and emission control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that food production must rise by 70% to meet the demands of an additional 2.3 billion people by 2050. This forecast underscores the persistent reliance on pesticides, making it essential to assess their toxicity and develop effective remediation strategies. Given the widespread utilisation of pesticides, it requires an urgent need to evaluate their toxicity and explore feasible remediation approaches for their removal. Hence, this review provides an overview of the latest information on the presence, distribution, sources, fate, and trends of pesticides in global environmental matrices, emphasizing the ecological and health risks posed by pesticide pollution. Currently, the dominant remediation techniques encompass physical, chemical, and biological methods, yet studies focusing on advanced remediation techniques remain limited. This review critically evaluates both newer and traditional approaches to pesticide removal, offering a descriptive and analytical comparison of various methods. The selection of the appropriate treatment method depends largely on the nature of the pesticide and the effectiveness of the chosen technique. In many cases, technologies such as membrane bioreactors and the fenton process could be integrated with biological technologies to enhance performance and overcome limitations. The study concludes that a hybrid approach combining various remediation strategies offers the most effective and sustainable solution for pesticide removal. Finally, the review underscores the need for further scientific investigation into the most viable technologies while discussing the challenges and prospects of developing safe, reliable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly methods for removing pesticides from the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large landslides, known as macro-landslides, pose a significant threat to the safety and stability of communities living in mountainous areas. In this work, an evaluation of a macro-landslide that occurred in the La Cría community (Azuay province, Ecuador) is conducted. This macro-landslide covered an extensive area of approximately 443 hectares and affected a population that is mainly dedicated to agriculture. Historically, a landslide was already identified in the area in the 1973 geological map. However, there has recently been a significant increase in the speed of the landslide, causing damage to infrastructure and homes, and directly affecting 97 homes of various structural typologies. The study area is characterised by its geological instability, influenced by the presence of reservoirs for agriculture. In addition, the community of La Cría within the landslide has experienced considerable population growth. The study conducted combines the use of a landslide susceptibility map with a multicriteria analysis (which considers the interactions of geological, hydrological and land use) and a stability evaluation based on limit equilibrium methods. The results show that most of the territory assessed, approximately 55%, presents with a very high susceptibility to landslides, and reveal that the geology and the interactions between local geology and water resource management are needed to prevent and mitigate the risks associated with mass movements in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows the integration of the theoretical and practical aspects of designing an ERM software tool. The basic idea of the designed ERM is conceived in the form of an algorithm using the integration of ISO 3100, the COSO framework, the risk matrix designed according to the risk appetite of the observed company, quantitative and qualitative models for risk assessment, and the generation of consequences and mitigating measures for each identified risk. Methodologies for risk assessment in the presented ERM include the following: For business risks, questionnaires were generated for different business areas (from knowledge bases) and the assessment was conducted according to risk matrices. Workplace risk is assessed according to the Kinney method, while technical risks are assessed according to the API 580, 581 standard. Software is created to outbalance problems of all types of risk that may arise regardless of the complexity of the business and the risk itself. The algorithm, model and software were developed and successfully tested in two Serbian companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorine is a harmful element in the process of zinc hydrometallurgy. During zinc electrodeposition, it will corrode plates and equipment and release toxic gases such as chlorine, resulting in increased production cost and environmental pollution. The sources of chlorine elements in the process of zinc hydrometallurgy and IS hazard to the process of zinc hydrometallurgy are briefly introduced. The research and development status, advantages and disadvantages of the main chlorine removal processes such as chemical precipitation, extraction and on exchange are summarized, and the main research and development directions in the future are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanitation in residential areas is significantly essential, requiring more attention, particularly in areas with dense population and developing countries such as Indonesia. High population density increases the challenges of treating solid and liquid waste produced by residents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess sanitation risk in sub-district of Central Jakarta, Indonesia, based on four indicators, namely hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity. The analysis started with hazard indicators, followed by an assessment of potential exposure to hazard, and determination of vulnerability level. In the final stage, the capacity was evaluated to determine the ability of the current system to address sanitation issues. The results showed that most areas of sub-district were at low risk due to the sufficient capacity of the current system to meet the needs of residents. However, there were also areas with poor sanitation, particularly in facing natural disasters such as floods and droughts. Sanitation risk assessment used in this study provided valuable information to identify priority areas for sanitation development. The results would support the government in determining development budget priorities for sanitation infrastructure development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Flooding is a natural disaster that causes loss of life and property worldwide. Floods can be predicted and their damages can be reduced. Various natural and man-made factors can cause floods. Sediment movement can be counted as one of the causes of floods, albeit rarely. The Sakarya River bed and river mouth is one of the risky areas for flooding due to sediment deposition. Due to the activities of quarries on the Sakarya River, the amount of sediment carried by the river increases, and the damage to the river bed morphology. In rare cases, the mouth of the river is completely closed due to sedimentation, which has caused many disasters such as coastal flooding and capsizing of marine vessels, leading to loss of life and property. Therefore, the occurrence of floods due to sediment deposition at the mouth of Sakarya River was investigated. The 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500-year return period flows in the downstream part of the Sakarya River and Karasu district were analyzed with the 2D flood model in case of insufficient discharge from the river mouth. Water depth, velocity, and flood hazard maps for these return periods were prepared. The impact of flooding on Karasu district was analyzed in terms of affected buildings and affected area (ha). Thus, the effects of the floods occurring in the downstream region as a result of the interventions to the river bed in the upstream region were analyzed.

Geological disaster risk assessment is crucial for the prevention and control of geological disasters. This study focuses on the significant number of geological disasters induced by urbanization construction in Longhui County, aiming to propose effective preventive and control measures. The study considered various disaster-inducing factors and selected 13 assessment criteria from topography and geomorphology, geological structure, engineering geology of geotechnical bodies, and human engineering activities. The MaxEnt model is employed to establish the geological disaster hazard assessment model, while 7 assessment factors are selected from population distribution, economic background, environmental resources development, disaster prevention, and mitigation capacity. The systematic cluster analysis model was then utilized to establish a geological disaster vulnerability assessment model. The results of both assessments were integrated to construct a comprehensive geological disaster risk assessment model for the region, classifying areas into extremely low risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk, and extremely high risk. The result show that the AUC value of the MaxEnt model in the hazard assessment is 0.918, indicating its strong applicability in predicting the geological disaster hazard risk in the study area. Steep canyon, average annual rainfall, slope, and geotechnical construction are identified as the main factors influencing the development of geological disasters in the study area. The area classified as extremely high to high risk covers is 194.70 km², accounting for 6.80% of the total area. Under existing disaster reduction capacity, the area with extremely high to high risk has been reduced by 30.38%, reflecting a positive impact on disaster reduction. This study introduces a novel method for the risk assessment of geological disasters in Longhui County and provides a theoretical basis for the government’s risk management strategy.