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Summary: Background: Brain stimulation therapy (BST) has significant potential in treating psychiatric, movement, and cognitive disorders. Given the high prevalence of comorbidities among these disorders, we conducted an umbrella review to comprehensively assess the efficacy of BSTs in treating the core symptoms across these three categories of disorders. Methods: We systematically searched for meta-analyses and network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials with sham controls up to September 25, 2024, from databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Our primary outcome was improvements in core symptoms. We evaluated quality using 11 criteria. We calculated pooled effect estimates for core symptoms based on the largest meta-analyses, then conducted sensitivity and subgroup analyses, and assessed heterogeneity, publication bias, and small-study effects. Finally, we synthesized effect sizes from all meta-analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of BSTs' efficacy. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023439090. Findings: We included 198 articles with 108,377 patients evaluating 14 BSTs across 21 disorders. The largest meta-analysis showed a moderate standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.64; I2 = 70%). Subgroup analyses revealed significant SMDs for psychiatric disorders (0.60; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.71; I2 = 66%), movement disorders (0.56; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.69; I2 = 79%), and cognitive disorders (0.46; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.61; I2 = 48%). SMDs were 0.44 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.65; I2 = 70%) for follow-up ≤1 month and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.94; I2 = 84%) for follow-up >1 month. Compared to other conditions, BSTs show better therapeutic effects in treating depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, pain, fibromyalgia, and post-stroke motor recovery. Interpretation: This review explored the potential of BSTs for comorbidities of the three disorders from a disorder-specific perspective, providing a roadmap for their clinical application and future research. Funding: This work was supported by the Anhui Natural Science Foundation (2023AH040086), Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention (SYS2023B08), and the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A20424).

Objective The Sikeshu Sag of the southern Junggar Basin is tectonically located in the western thrust belt of the North Tianshan Mountains. The basin has undergone multiple stages and multidirectional tectonic movements since the Palaeozoic. Clarifying the structural characteristics and evolutionary process of the structural system in the study area is critical for petroleum exploration and development in such petroliferous basins. Methods Utilizing the seismic data interpretation and the outcrop geological investigation of the Sikeshu Sag, spatial-temporal variations in the structural patterns and stress fields were revealed, and a tectonic evolution model was established. Results This study indicates that the compressional inversion and strike-slip structures were widely developed in the deep-buried layers of the Sikeshu Sag, but the thrust and decollement structures were more prevail in the shallow layers of the Sikeshu Sag. According to the structural style, the Sikeshu Sag can be divided into the southern compressional fault-fold belt, central strike-slip compressive-torsional belt, and northern uplift belt. The Sikeshu Sag experienced two periods of strong tectonic uplift, corresponding to the peak period of two stages of fault activity. The tectonic environment and stress field conditions underwent multiple changes: the NNW-SSE extension driven by the back-arc rifting during the late Carboniferous to early-middle Permian, the rift-depression transition triggered by the NNW-SSE extrusion of the Zaire orogenic movement during the late Permian to Triassic, the regional depression induced by the NNW-SSE extrusion of the peripheral orogenic belt and Chepaizi uplift during the late Jurassic to Palaeogene, and the reactivation of foreland caused by NS extrusion of North Tianshan Mountains during the Neogene. Conclusion This study explores the tectonic evolution of the Sikeshu Sag under multiphase stress fields, which favors the better understanding of the overall tectonic pattern changes in similar petroliferous basins and provides new insights for the next steps of petroleum exploration in the study area.

The yeast strains with high ethyl acetate production were isolated and screened from light-flavor (Qingxiangxing) Baijiu Daqu by traditional culture isolation method and ethyl acetate yield determination. The strain was identified by morphological observation and molecular biology, and its tolerance was analyzed. The fermentation conditions of the screened strains were optimized by single factor tests and response surface tests with ethyl acetate yield as the response value. The results showed that a yeast strain YM001 with high yield of ethyl acetate was isolated and screened, which was identified as Wickerhamomyces anomalus. The strain had strong tolerance and could still grow under the conditions of ethanol volume fraction 10%, acetic acid content 0.08%, temperature 50 ℃, pH 2, ethyl acetate content 30 g/L, NaCl content 150 g/L and glucose content 50 g/L, and could adapt to the Baijiu brewing environment well. The optimal fermentation conditions for W. anomalu YM001 to produce ethyl acetate were as follows: inoculum 4%, ethanol volume fraction 4%, acetic acid addition 0.02%, initial sugar content 9 °Bx, initial pH 6, rotation speed 210 r/min, fermentation temperature 22 ℃, the second stage fermentation time 36 h. Under these fermentation conditions, the yield of ethyl acetate produced by W. anomalu YM001 was the highest, reaching (17.39±0.362) g/L.

BackgroundPsychological distress is highly prevalent and has a severe impact on the quality of life among breast cancer survivors. This type of distress is associated with cognitive failure. However, previous studies have focused solely on the total scale scores of these two concepts while ignoring the unique relationship between specific components. In the present study, we utilized network analysis to explore the relationship between psychological distress and cognitive failure in breast cancer survivors.MethodsThe network analysis approach was adopted to estimate the regularized partial correlation network in a cross-sectional sample of 409 breast cancer survivors. All participants were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire. The Gaussian Graphical Model was employed to estimate the network, centrality indices, and edge weights, providing a description of the characteristics of the network.ResultsThe results indicated that anxiety–stress and depression–stress were the strongest edges in the community of psychological distress. Distractibility–memory was the strongest edge in the community of cognitive failure. Distractibility and memory were the most central nodes, with the highest expected influence in the network. Depression and motor coordination acted as important bridge nodes with the highest bridge expected influence.ConclusionDistractibility and memory in cognitive failure played important roles in activating and maintaining the relationship network. Motor coordination was identified as the crucial pathway for the impact of cognitive failure on psychological distress. Interventions targeting these specific issues might be more effective in improving cognitive failure and reducing psychological distress among breast cancer survivors.

Wastewater treatment is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Yet large uncertainties remain in the quantification of GHG emissions from municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) in China. A high-resolution and technology-specific emission inventory is still lacking to support mitigation strategies of MWWTPs. Here we develop a plant-level and technology-based MWWTP emission inventory for China covering 8703 plants and 19 treatment technology categories by compiling and harmonizing the most up-to-date facility-level databases. China's methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from MWWTPs in 2020 are estimated to be 150.6 Gg and 22.0 Gg, respectively, with the uncertainty range of −30% to 37% and −30% to 26% at 95% confidence interval. We find an emission inequality across cities, with the richest cities emitting two times more CH4 and N2O per capita from municipal wastewater treatment than the poorest cities. The emitted CH4 and N2O are dominated by Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic-, Sequencing Batch Reactor-, Oxidation Ditch-, and Anoxic/Oxic-based MWWTPs of less than 20 years old. Considering the relatively young age structure of China's MWWTPs, the committed emissions highlight the importance of reducing on-site GHG emissions by optimization of operating conditions and innovation management. The emission differences among our estimates, previous studies, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines are largely attributed to the uncertainties in emission factors, implying the urgent need for more plant-integrated measurements to improve the accuracy of emission accounting.

Objective Large deep carbonate reservoirs have been developed in the Tarim Platform area. Structural fractures are important seepage paths and reservoir spaces for deep carbonate reservoirs. Due to the strong heterogeneity of reservoirs, which is influenced by multiple geological factors, there is no effective technical method to solve the problem of quantitatively characterizing multiscale fractures in reservoirs. Methods In this study, digital outcrop technology was used to establish a 3D digital model of the outcrop area, and on this basis, outcrop fracture identification and quantitative description of fracture parameters were carried out. Emphatically, based on the outcrop fracture results, different modelling methods have been adopted for the development of multiscale fractures. Large-scale fractures were modelled via the deterministic modelling method. Optimal fusion modelling methods based on fractal dimension theory were used for medium-scale fractures. Due to the complex problem of small-scale fracture modelling, three significant models were distinguished via the multisource information fusion method: the fault strike model, the distance from fault model and a stratigraphic curvature model.A comprehensive development probability body of small-scale fractures was established. Construction of a small-scale fracture model based on collaborative simulation of multiple data points was constrained by the comprehensive probability volume. Consequently, restricted by the established comprehensive probability volume, a small-scale fracture model was constructed based on collaborative simulations of multiple sets of data. Finally, under the same grid system, a prototype geological model of the outcrop was obtained by superimposing the multiscale fracture model and the structural model. Results The results of the outcrop prototype geological model were applied to fracture modelling of underground reservoirs in the Yueman area of the Tarim Basin. The primary modelling parameters, such as fracture occurrence and density, and the main controlling factors of fracture development were described at multiple scales. By integrating the analysis results of the well point fractures, a reservoir multiscale fracture network model was constructed, which agreed well with the fracture interpretation and production data from a single well. Conclusion The results showed that outcrop prototype geological model can provide important research ideas and a geological basis for subsurface reservoir fracture modelling.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and genotype of a patient with congenital systemic lipodystrophy (CGL) type 1 associated with exudative xanthoma caused by AGPAT2 gene mutation, and to provide evidence for clinical and genetic diagnosis of the disease.Methods Clinical data of the patient such as medical history, physical examination and laboratory examination were collected. Peripheral venous blood was collected for whole exome sequencing analysis and Sanger sequencing verification, and treatment was provided to patients according to the changes of condition. Results The clinical manifestations of the patient were subcutaneous fat reduction, fatty liver, spleen enlargement, kidney enlargement, high blood sugar and lipids, severe insulin resistance, scattered yellow rash on limbs, which was confirmed as xanthoma. The results of whole exon sequencing showed that the AGPAT2 gene of the patient had a heterozygous nonsense mutation of c.202C＞T:p.R68* and c.646A＞T:p.K216*, and the former was the pathogenic mutation site. Follow-up therapy covers improvement of lifestyle, low-fat diet and regular exercise. The rashes subsided after active lipid-lowering therapy. Conclusions Apart from typical lipody-strophy, the patient was accompanied by exanthemous xanthoma. No CGL1 patient with exanthemous xanthoma has been reported in the domestic literature database up to now, and the genetic test results showed that there was a c.202C＞T heterozygous mutation of AGPAT2 gene. This gene site has not been reported in the literature, and its functional verification needs to be further studied.

This study aims to develop a zero-emission multi-generation system based on concentrated solar power to reduce solar thermal power cost and improve the efficiency of power generation. The multi-generation system mainly includes concentrated solar power system, supercritical carbon dioxide recompression Brayton cycle, organic flash cycle and absorption refrigeration cycle. A comprehensive energy, exergy, environment and economic analysis is carried out. Five key parameters are considered to assess the effect of decision parameters on system performance. An optimization method combining genetic algorithm and machine learning is used to accelerate the optimization process. Results display that compared with the stand-alone supercritical carbon dioxide recompression Brayton cycle, the energy utilization factor and exergy efficiency of the multi-generation system can improve 18.7 % and 6.4 %, respectively, and the decrement of levelized cost of electricity is reduced by 4 %. A higher turbine-Ⅰ inlet temperature can improve the exergy efficiency and reduce the levelized cost of electricity. Using the proposed optimization method, the long optimization time of complex multi-generation system is overcome. Comparing the exergy efficiency optimization case with the basic case and the cost optimization case, the exergy efficiency optimization case has the highest net power output and exergy efficiency. This work exhibits great potential in utilizing solar energy for power and cooling.

BackgroundGreen tea intake has been reported to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with cardiovascular diseases or cancer. It may have a certain role in the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among cancer patients. The current study aimed to address this issue, which has been understudied.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study to explore the role of green tea intake in cancer patients. Patients with and without green tea intake were enrolled in a 1:1 ratio by using propensity scoring matching. The primary and secondary outcomes were VTE development and mortality 1 year after cancer diagnosis, respectively.ResultsThe cancer patients with green tea intake (n = 425) had less VTE development (10 [2.4%] vs. 23 [5.4%], p = 0.021), VTE-related death (7 [1.6%] vs. 18 [4.2%], p = 0.026), and fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) (3 [0.7%] vs. 12 [2.8%], p = 0.019), compared with those without green tea intake (n = 425). No intake of green tea was correlated with an increase in VTE development (multivariate hazard ratio (HR) 1.758 [1.476–2.040], p

BackgroundThe role of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), especially the long-acting factor in the development of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) in lung cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy has been understudied, although the use of rhG-CSF has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of VTE.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 1,673 lung cancer patients who underwent hospitalized chemotherapy. We performed propensity score matching to offset confounding factors related to cancer-associated VTE development and classified the patients into short-acting (N = 273), long-acting (N = 273), and no rhG-CSF (N = 273) groups. The primary outcome was cumulative cancer-associated VTE development three months after all cycles of chemotherapy.ResultsThe overall VTE incidence in the short-acting, long-acting, and no rhG-CSF groups was 5.5%, 10.3%, and 2.2%, respectively (P

Neonicotinoid insecticides, which target insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), have been widely and intensively used to control the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a highly damaging, globally distributed, crop pest. This has inevitably led to the emergence of populations with resistance to neonicotinoids. However, to date, there have been no reports of target-site resistance involving mutation of B. tabaci nAChR genes. Here we characterize the nAChR subunit gene family of B. tabaci and identify dual mutations (A58T&R79E) in one of these genes (BTβ1) that confer resistance to multiple neonicotinoids. Transgenic D. melanogaster, where the native nAChR Dβ1 was replaced with BTβ1A58T&R79E, were significantly more resistant to neonicotinoids than flies where Dβ1 were replaced with the wildtype BTβ1 sequence, demonstrating the causal role of the mutations in resistance. The two mutations identified in this study replace two amino acids that are highly conserved in >200 insect species. Three-dimensional modelling suggests a molecular mechanism for this resistance, whereby A58T forms a hydrogen bond with the R79E side chain, which positions its negatively-charged carboxylate group to electrostatically repulse a neonicotinoid at the orthosteric site. Together these findings describe the first case of target-site resistance to neonicotinoids in B. tabaci and provide insight into the molecular determinants of neonicotinoid binding and selectivity.

The soldier caste is one of the most distinguished castes inside the termite colony. The mechanism of soldier caste differentiation has mainly been studied at the transcriptional level, but the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in soldier caste differentiation is seldom studied. In this study, the workers of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were treated with methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog which can induce workers to transform into soldiers. The miRNomes of the methoprene-treated workers and the controls were sequenced. Then, the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were corrected with the differentially expressed genes DEGs to construct the DEmiR-DEG regulatory network. Afterwards, the DEmiR-regulated DEGs were subjected to GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis. A total of 1,324 miRNAs were identified, among which 116 miRNAs were screened as DEmiRs between the methoprene-treated group and the control group. A total of 4,433 DEmiR-DEG pairs were obtained. No GO term was recognized as significant in the cellular component, molecular function, or biological process categories. The KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEmiR-regulated DEGs showed that the ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes and circadian rhythm-fly pathways were enriched. This study demonstrates that DEmiRs and DEGs form a complex network regulating soldier caste differentiation in termites.

The gut-dwelling microbiota is an indispensable part of termites. It is influenced by a series of factors, such as diet and captivity. The objectives of this study were to study the metabolic functions of hindgut microbiota and to investigate the influence of captivity on the hindgut microbiota. The dampwood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti was reared in the laboratory for 6 months. We conducted the metabolome analysis of the fat body from the freshly-collected workers (FBF), the hindgut fluid of the freshly-collected workers (HFF), and the hindgut fluid of laboratory-maintained workers. In addition, the 16S rRNA genes from the hindgut bacteria in the freshly-collected and laboratory-maintained workers were sequenced. According to our results, the concentrations of metabolites associated with amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and cofactor biosynthesis were higher in HFF compared with those in FBF, suggesting that the hindgut microbiota provides nutritional factors to the host. However, after captivity, the concentrations of metabolites in the hindgut associated with amino acid biosynthesis, nucleotide sugar metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism decreased, while those associated with the steroid hormone biosynthesis and ovarian steroidogenesis increased. Meanwhile, the 16S amplicon study revealed that the abundance of certain bacteria changed after captivity, such as uncultured Termite Group 1 bacterium, Candidatus Symbiothrix dinenymphae, and unclassified Desulfovibrio. Our findings show that captivity influences the hindgut microbiota and shed light on the metabolic potential of the hindgut microbiota.

Abstract The soldier caste differentiation is a complex process that is governed by the transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional regulation. microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that control a wide range of activities. However, their roles in solider caste differentiation are barely studied. RT-qPCR is a powerful tool to study the function of genes. A reference gene is required for normalization for the the relative quantification method. However, no reference gene is available for miRNA quantification in the study of solider caste differentiation of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. In this research, in order to screen the suitable reference genes for the study of the roles of miRNAs in solider caste differentiation, the expression levels of 8 candidate miRNA genes were quantified in the head and thorax + abdomen during soldier differentiation. The qPCR data were analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt method and RefFinder. The normalization effect of the reference genes was evaluated using the let-7-3p. Our study showed that novel-m0649-3p was the most stable reference gene, while U6 was the least stable reference gene. Our study has selected the most stable reference gene, and has paved the way for functional analysis of miRNAs in solider caste differentiation.

Abstract Background Lung cancer is frequently accompanied by interstitial lung disease (ILD), and the overall survival (OS) of patients with these comorbidities is poor. Thus, we developed a nomogram for the prediction of the OS of patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ILD. Patients and Methods Patients with wild‐type gene advanced NSCLC with and without ILD who underwent chemotherapy between 2014 and 2019 were enrolled in the present study. The 0.5‐ and 1‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times of patients with and without ILD were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression was used to assess the prognostic value of clinical factors for patients with ILD. Based on the multivariate regression results, a nomogram for survival prediction was developed. The nomogram was validated using calibration curve. Results Data from 155 patients with lung cancer and ILD and 118 matched patients with lung cancer alone who were receiving first‐line chemotherapy were analyzed. The first‐line chemotherapy regimens were paclitaxel + carboplatin, pemetrexed + carboplatin, gemcitabine + carboplatin, and other. The median PFS and OS were significantly shorter in patients with than in those without ILD (3.0 vs. 7.0 months [p

Abstract Background The assessment of VTE likelihood with VTE risk scores is essential prior to imaging examinations during VTE diagnostic procedure. Little is known with respect to the disparity of predictive power for VTE diagnosis among VTE risk scores in guidelines for nonsurgical hospitalized patients with clinically suspected VTE. Methods A retrospective study was performed to compare the predictive power for VTE diagnosis among the Wells, Geneva, YEARS, PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores in the leading authoritative guidelines in nonsurgical hospitalized patients with suspected VTE. Results Among 3168 nonsurgical hospitalized patients with suspected VTE, VTE was finally excluded in 2733(86.3%) ones, whereas confirmed in 435(13.7%) ones. The sensitivity and specificity resulted from the Wells, Geneva, YEARS, PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores were (90.3%, 49.8%), (88.7%, 53.6%), (73.8%, 50.2%), (97.7%,16.9%), (80.9%, 44.0%), and (78.2%, 47.0%), respectively. The YI were 0.401, 0.423, 0.240, 0.146, 0.249, and 0.252 for the Wells, Geneva, YEARS, PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores, respectively. The C-index were 0.694(0.626–0.762), 0.697(0.623–0.772), 0.602(0.535–0.669), 0.569(0.486–0.652), 0.607(0.533–0.681), and 0.609(0.538–0.680) for the Wells, Geneva, YEARS, PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores, respectively. Consistency was significant in the pairwise comparison of Wells vs Geneva(Kappa 0.753, P = 0.565), YEARS vs Padua(Kappa 0.816, P = 0.565), YEARS vs IMPROVE(Kappa 0.771, P = 0.645), and Padua vs IMPROVE(Kappa 0.789, P = 0.812), whereas it did not present in the other pairs. The YI was improved to 0.304, 0.272, and 0.264 for the PERC(AUC 0.631[0.547–0.714], P = 0.006), Padua(AUC 0.613[0.527–0.700], P = 0.017), and IMPROVE(AUC 0.614[0.530–0.698], P = 0.016), with a revised cutoff of 5 or less, 6 or more, and 4 or more denoting the VTE-likely, respectively. Conclusions For nonsurgical hospitalized patients with suspected VTE, the Geneva and Wells scores perform best, the PERC scores performs worst despite its significantly high sensitivity, whereas the others perform intermediately, albeit the absolute predictive power of all isolated scores are mediocre. The predictive power of the PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores are improved with revised cutoffs.

In order to investigate the high temperature oxidation behaviour of high-speed steel during high speed cutting， a CrAlSiN hard film was deposited on the surface of high-speed steel by magnetron sputtering， and a high-temperature oxidation test was carried out on it at temperatures of 700，800，900，1 000 ℃with a holding time of 1 h. Additionally， the microstructure， nano hardness and modulus， wear rate and oxidation resistance of the film were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffractometer， scanning electron microscope， energy dispersive spectrometer and nanoindentor. Results showed that the CrAlSiN film had a fcc-CrN structure， and the nano hardness， modulus and wear rate were 24.87 GPa， 300.51 GPa and 0.024 nm/mN respectively. During the oxidation process， when the temperature for high temperature oxidation was 700 ℃，microcracks formed on the surface of the film and an oxide layer composed of Cr2O3 and Al2O3 took shape；at 800 ℃，a small amount of fine white granular oxide appeared； at 900 ℃， microcracks grew， the number of oxides increased， and new Cr2O3 diffraction peaks appeared； at 1 000 ℃， the element diffusion was intense， however no matrix elements diffused onto the surface of the film， indicating that the film still had good oxidation resistance. In general， with the increase of oxidation temperature， cracks and oxides appeared on the surface of the film， which reduced the nano hardness and modulus of the film and increased the wear rate.

Background Extended oral anticoagulant (OA) use is recommended in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) who require secondary thromboprophylaxis. Nevertheless, the optimal length of OA use for the maximum long-term benefit in this patient population has been undefined to date.Methods A retrospective study was performed to explore the role of different length of overall OA use (group 1 (≥1 year of OA use and

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common and life-threatening in patients with lung cancer. Management of VTE is critical for patients with lung cancer. Risk assessment, thromboprophylaxis and treatment of VTE constitute the core issues of VTE management in patients with lung cancer. Although its overall principles should follow recommendations in authoritative guidelines, VTE management in patients with lung cancer may be slightly special in some specific aspects. Despite the extensive validation of Khorana score for patients with all cancer types, its value in VTE risk assessment of patients with lung cancer is controversial. It is important to determine the VTE risk assessment score that can accurately and specifically assess the VTE risk of patients with lung cancer. Clinical practice patterns of thromboprophylaxis may vary by cancer types, since different sites of cancer may have different levels of VTE risk. To understand the thromboprophylaxis specific for lung cancer is of vital importance for patients with lung cancer. Although it is essential to comply with authoritative guidelines, the duration and timing of initiation of thromboprophylaxis in surgical patients with lung cancer may need further study. Taken together, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of state-of-the-art VTE stewardship specific for patients with lung cancer.

Background: As a dedifferentiated tumor, small cell endometrial neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare and frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Current treatment recommendations are often extrapolated from histologically similar tumors in other sites or based on retrospective studies. The exploration for diagnostic and therapeutic markers in small cell NETs is of great significance. Methods: In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on a specimen obtained from a patient diagnosed with small cell endometrial neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) based on pathology. We revealed the cell map and intratumoral heterogeneity of the cancer cells through data analysis. Further, we validated the function of ISL LIM Homeobox 1 (ISL1) in vitro in an established neuroendocrine cell line. Finally, we examined the association between ISL1 and tumor staging in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patient samples. Results: We observed the significant upregulation of ISL1 expression in tumor cells that showed high expression of the neuroepithelial markers. Additionally, in vitro cell function experiments demonstrated that the high ISL1 expression group exhibited markedly higher cell proliferation and migration abilities compared to the low expression group. Finally, we showed that the expression level of ISL1 was correlated with SCLC stages. Conclusions: ISL1 protein in NETs shows promise as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and treatment.

El español se ha convertido en el segundo idioma del mundo por el número de personas que la tienen como lengua materna, tras el chino mandarín. Es la tercera lengua más utilizada para la producción de información en los medios de comunicación; además de ser uno de los seis idiomas oficiales de la ONU. Con la creciente globalización de la economía china, muchas empresas nacionales mantienen íntimas relaciones con el mercado de América Latina, por lo que el español, se ha convertido en una de las lenguas extranjeras más elegidas por los alumnos chinos. Por tal razón, un número elevado de universidades ha abierto una nueva especialidad de esta lengua, con especial atención en el aprendizaje de su vocabulario. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar las metodologías de la enseñanza del idioma español en las universidades chinas, apoyadas en el uso de los métodos comunicativo, el de empleo de bloques léxicos y el basado en tareas para su enseñanza.

IntroductionThe decomposition of plant litter mass is responsible for substantial carbon fluxes and remains a key process regulating nutrient cycling in natural and managed ecosystems. Litter decomposition has been addressed in agricultural monoculture systems, but not in intercropping systems, which produce species-diverse litter mass mixtures. The aim here is to quantify how straw type, the soil environment and their combined effects may influence straw decomposition in widely practiced maize/legume intercropping systems.MethodsThree decomposition experiments were conducted over 341 days within a long-term intercropping field experiment which included two nitrogen (N) addition levels (i.e. no-N and N-addition) and five cropping systems (maize, soybean and peanut monocultures and maize/soybean and maize/peanut intercropping). Experiment I was used to quantify litter quality effects on decomposition; five types of straw (maize, soybean, peanut, maize-soybean and maize-peanut) from two N treatments decomposed in the same maize plot. Experiment II addressed soil environment effects on root decomposition; soybean straw decomposed in different plots (five cropping systems and two N levels). Experiment III addressed ‘home’ decomposition effects whereby litter mass (straw) was remained to decompose in the plot of origin. The contribution of litter and soil effects to the home-field advantages was compared between experiment III (‘home’ plot) and I-II (‘away’ plot).Results and discussionsStraw type affected litter mass loss in the same soil environment (experiment I) and the mass loss values of maize, soybean, peanut, maize-soybean, and maize-peanut straw were 59, 77, 87, 76, and 78%, respectively. Straw type also affected decomposition in the ‘home’ plot environment (experiment III), with mass loss values of maize, soybean, peanut, maize-soybean and maize-peanut straw of 66, 74, 80, 72, and 76%, respectively. Cropping system did not affect the mass loss of soybean straw (experiment II). Nitrogen-addition significantly increased straw mass loss in experiment III. Decomposition of maize-peanut straw mixtures was enhanced more by ‘home-field advantage’ effects than that of maize-soybean straw mixtures. There was a synergistic mixing effect of maize-peanut and maize-soybean straw mixture decomposition in both 'home' (experiment III) and ‘away’ plots (experiment I). Maize-peanut showed greater synergistic effects than maize-soybean in straw mixture decomposition in their 'home' plot (experiment III). These findings are discussed in terms of their important implications for the management of species-diverse straw in food-production intercropping systems.

Search algorithm plays an important role in the motion planning of the robot, it determines whether the mobile robot complete the task. To solve the search task in complex environments, a fusion algorithm based on the Flower Pollination algorithm and Q-learning is proposed. To improve the accuracy, an improved grid map is used in the section of environment modeling to change the original static grid to a combination of static and dynamic grids. Secondly, a combination of Q-learning and Flower Pollination algorithm is used to complete the initialization of the Q-table and accelerate the efficiency of the search and rescue robot path search. A combination of static and dynamic reward function is proposed for the different situations encountered by the search and rescue robot during the search process, as a way to allow the search and rescue robot to get better different feedback results in each specific situation. The experiments are divided into two parts: typical and improved grid map path planning. Experiments show that the improved grid map can increase the success rate and the FIQL can be used by the search and rescue robot to accomplish the task in a complex environment. Compared with other algorithms, FIQL can reduce the number of iterations, improve the adaptability of the search and rescue robot to complex environments, and have the advantages of short convergence time and small computational effort.

Abstract Background Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in patients with primary lung cancer. It has been understudied which authoritative risk assessment score of cancer-associated VTE is optimal for the assessment of VTE development in hospitalized medical patients with lung cancer. Methods Patients with lung cancer who had undergone computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), compression ultrasonography (CUS) of lower and upper extremities, and/or planar ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan to confirm the presence or absence of VTE during a medical hospitalization were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the actual prevalence of VTE among all patients, the possibility of VTE were reassessed with the Khorana score, the PROTECHT score, the CONKO score, the ONKOTEV score, the COMPASS-CAT score, and the CATS/MICA score, to compare their assessment accuracy for VTE development. Results A total of 1263 patients with lung cancer were incorporated into the final analysis. With respect to assessment efficiency for VTE occurrence, the scores with adjusted agreement from highest to lowest were the ONKOTEV score (78.6%), the PROTECHT score (73.4%), the CONKO score (72.1%), the COMPASS-CAT score (71.7%), the Khorana score (70.9%), and the CATS/MICA score (60.3%). The ONKOTEV score had the highest Youden index which was 0.68, followed by the PROTECHT score (0.58), the COMPASS-CAT score (0.56), the CONKO score (0.55), the Khorana score (0.53), and the CATS/MICA score (0.23). Conclusions Among the Khorana score, the PROTECHT score, the CONKO score, the ONKOTEV score, the COMPASS-CAT score, and the CATS/MICA score which are approved by authoritative guidelines, the ONKOTEV score is optimal for the assessment of VTE development in hospitalized medical patients with lung cancer.

Background Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)‐related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a glycophosphoinositol‐anchored glycoprotein which mediates cell‐cell interactions. Here, we aimed to explore the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of CEACAM6 on cisplatin (DDP) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods RNA sequencing was performed in the DDP‐resistant A549/DDP cell line and parental A549 cell line; miRNA expression profiling of the two cell lines was analyzed using GEO data (GSE43249). Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments were used to investigate the biological function of CEACAM6 in vitro. The expression status and prognostic value of CEACAM6 in LUAD were verified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results CEACAM6 was first screened to be one of the most significantly upregulated genes in the DDP‐resistant A549/DDP cell line compared to the parental A549 cell line. Combined with computational prediction of candidate miRNAs that target CEACAM6, miR‐146a and miR‐26a were selected and verified by qPCR and luciferase reporter assay. The knockdown of CEACAM6 expression in A549/DDP cells inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, decreased the IC50 values of DDP, and caused a significant downregulation of N‐cadherin, vimentin, Sox2, Oct4 and GTP‐RhoA and upregulation of E‐cadherin; while CEACAM6 overexpression in A549 cells resulted in the opposite effects. Of note, both miR‐146a and miR‐26a could counteract the biological effects of CEACAM6. Furthermore, CEACAM6 mRNA expression was significantly unregulated in DDP‐resistant LUAD tissues of TCGA database. Conclusions CEACAM6 promotes DDP resistance in LUAD by affecting the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and stemness, which is post‐transcriptionally regulated by miR‐146a and miR‐26a.

Abstract Background Contemporarily authoritative algorithms for the prediction of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) comprise the Standard algorithm, the Age-adjusted algorithm, the YEARS algorithm, the PERC algorithm, and the PEGeD algorithm. To date, little is known with respect to which algorithm is most appropriate for the PE prediction in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods The patients with AECOPD who underwent the confirmed chest imaging investigations of PE due to the likelihood of PE predicted by the Standard algorithm were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were reassessed by the other four algorithms to reveal which algorithm had the best diagnostic accuracy for the likelihood prediction of PE for patients with AECOPD. Results The results showed that the PEGeD algorithm(88.6, 80.7, 50.4, 97.0%, 4.591, 0.141, 0.693, 82.1%) performed better overall in the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, Youden index, and diagnostic accuracy, in comparison with the Age-adjusted algorithm (78.6, 74.1, 40.1, 94.0%, 3.034, 0.289, 0.527, 74.9%), the YEARS algorithm (71.4, 76.6, 40.3, 92.4%, 3.051, 0.373, 0.480,75.6%), the PERC algorithm (98.6, 1.6, 18.2, 83.3%, 1.002, 0.875, 0.002, 19.2%). The difference of number of patients who were necessary to undergo chest imaging examinations and missed diagnoses resulted from each algorithm between the PEGeD algorithm and the Standard algorithm, the Age-adjusted algorithm, the YEARS algorithm, as well as the PERC algorithm were [− 789 (− 68.1%), N/A], [− 42 (− 3.6%),-21 (− 1.8%)], [− 3 (− 0.3%),-36 (− 3.1%)],[− 771 (− 66.6%), 21 (1.8%)], respectively. Conclusions To date, the PEGeD algorithm is the most appropriate strategy among the authoritative algorithms for the likelihood prediction of pulmonary embolism in patients with AECOPD.

Abstract To date, the association between the acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and the currently existing cancer-related genomic alterations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been understudied. We reviewed patients with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of NSCLC who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and molecular tests including ALK, ROS1, EGFR, BRAF V600E as well as PD-L1 during the diagnosis of NSCLC, to explore the association between the genomic alterations and PE. The results showed that, for the patients with positive results of genomic alterations, the proportion of positive ALK (13.6%vs8.5%, P

The presence of clay particles on coarse aggregate is usually encountered in actual field conditions and may have an adverse influence on concrete properties. However, several aspects concerning the clay content of coarse aggregate (e.g., its influence on the creep and crack risk of early-age concrete) are still unclear. This study investigated the influence of montmorillonite clay content of coarse aggregate on mechanical properties, shrinkage, and creep of early-age concrete by a series of experimental tests. Concretes with coarse aggregate containing 0.0%, 1.5%, and 3.0% montmorillonite clay were prepared for the experimental tests. The results show that the montmorillonite clay attached to coarse aggregate has a significant influence on the mechanical properties, shrinkage, and creep of early-age concrete. As the montmorillonite clay reaches 3.0%, compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus will decrease by 36.8%, 32.9%, and 38.3%, respectively; while the shrinkage and creep will increase by 31.4% and 45.5%, respectively. The deterioration of the interfacial transition zone due to montmorillonite clay attached to coarse aggregate can account for the decrease in mechanical properties and increase in shrinkage and creep. A greater amount of montmorillonite clay attached to coarse aggregate will lead to a weaker aggregate-paste bond. The findings can contribute to a better assessment of the early-age crack risk of the concrete structures.