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Electrochemical water splitting is considered a green and sustainable method of producing hydrogen energy. Herein, to pursue a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction, we fabricated high-performance electrocatalysts, by utilizing a bimetallic (Cu and Co) metal–organic framework to modify rGO through a one-step in situ approach. The synthesized CuCoOC@rGO presents a highly ordered structure with a defect-rich porous surface for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Specifically, the appropriate adjustment of metal (Cu and Co), 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC), and rGO ratios leads to a well-defined morphology, which creates a defect-rich porous surface. Characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and BET, the morphology exposes more active sites, strong evidence for the promotion of electrocatalytic efficiency. Upon the analysis of the experimental data, the obtained CuCoOC@rGO catalyst exhibits excellent activity in alkaline media with a low overpotential of 120 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and a Tafel slope of 124 mV dec−1 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Guided by the structure–activity relationship, the superior HER activity of CuCoOC@rGO in alkaline electrolyte could originate from many sources, including: (1) as a self-supported substrate, CuCoOC@rGO not only leads to profitable electrical contact and mechanical stability but also firmly roots into the rGO without extra binders. (2) The highly ordered structure provides smooth ion and electron transport channels, which are conducive to electrolyte infiltration and gas release. (3) The abundance of defective pores on the surface of the nanoarrays, which offers more active sites for the catalytic process. This study provides new prospects for the rational design and fabrication of advanced hierarchical functional electrocatalysts for application in electrochemical energy devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structure is regarded as a porous structure used for impact protection due to its lightweight, high strength, and high specific energy absorption (SEA). This paper investigates the dynamic mechanical properties of the TPMS structure by Split Hopkinson Bar (SHPB) experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). We compare stress peak, SEA, strain rate effect, and deformation pattern for functionally graded Primitive (P), uniform P, and uniform Gyroid (G) structures. It is found that the increasing magnitude of peak stress in the TPMS structures becomes more evident under high-impact loads. As the relative density increases, the strain rate effect becomes more prominent. The uniform G structures exhibit higher plateau stress and SEA than uniform P structures. Besides, graded P structures exhibit a climbing phenomenon compared to uniform P structures in the platform section. The FEA results also demonstrate that higher SEA and plateau stresses are exhibited in the graded P structure. The graded design minimizes the strain rate effect compared to the corresponding uniform structures. It is essential to set a properly graded index to enhance the dynamic energy absorption capacity of the TPMS structure, as more fluctuations occur when the graded index increases. • Strain rate effect was observed in the TPMS structures made by 316L stainless steel. • The magnitude of the strain rate effect is relative with the relative density and geometric model of TPMS structures. • The magnitude of the strain rate effect is relative with the Vf and geometry of TPMS structures. • Uniform G has self-contact, high plateau stress and SEA due to its geometry distribution. • Compared to uniform P graded p has larger strain and lower initial yield stress at high strain rate. • Graded P at proper graded span can achieve comparable or even larger SEA with low plateau stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high activity, low-cost and stability hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is a core issue in the field of water splitting. Herein, the bimetallic CoMo MOFs-derived N-doped carbon nanospheres with Co/Mo–N bonds is proposed to effectively improve the electrocatalytic HER performance. Meanwhile, the combination of the porous and spherical structure further promotes the effective contact on the electrode/electrolyte interface while enhancing the electrolyte into the inner structure of the material for a fast HER process. In addition, the N-doped and bimetallic Co/Mo oxides on the rough surface of nanospheres have the capability to furnish more electrocatalytic active sites. The obtained electrocatalyst owns the small overpotential of 112 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 106.8 mV dec−1 in 1.0 M KOH solution. This work provides a new prospect for the rational design and fabrication of bimetallic active sites in carbon nanomaterials electrocatalysts in the relevant energy applications. [Display omitted] • Bimetallic CoMo MOFs-derived N-doped carbon nanospheres is proposed to effectively improve the electrocatalytic HER performance. • The formation of Co–N and Mo–N, which would provide a fast electron transfer path in electrocatalytic process. • The formation of CoO and CoMoO 3 species could synergistic promote the adsorption and reaction of the H ads intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A facile co-precipitation method can be used to prepare graphitic-based composite photocatalyst. • The Co and Fe doping structures could enhance the separation efficiency and transfer of photogenerated carriers. • The coupling structure could enhance the chemical stability and photocatalytic activity. The photocatalyst Lys-FeCoLDH@g-C 3 N 4 nanohybrids were synthesized successfully by a facile in situ co-precipitation method. It is found that the layered nanosheet degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B reached 98.07% in 90 min under visible light irradiation by photocatalysis. In addition, photo-electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the structure of 5 %Lys-CoFe-LDH@g-C 3 N 4 could enhance the separation efficiency and transfer of photogenerated carriers. This study provides a new idea for the development of novel photocatalysts for the high-efficiency and active degradation of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Sugarcane is the main source of sugar worldwide, and 80% of the sucrose production comes from sugarcane. However, the genetic differentiation and basis of agronomic traits remain obscure. Here, we sequenced the whole‐genome of 219 elite worldwide sugarcane cultivar accessions. A total of approximately 6 million high‐quality genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. A genome‐wide association study identified a total of 2198 SNPs that were significantly associated with sucrose content, stalk number, plant height, stalk diameter, cane yield, and sugar yield. We observed homozygous tendency of favor alleles of these loci, and over 80% of cultivar accessions carried the favor alleles of the SNPs or haplotypes associated with sucrose content. Gene introgression analysis showed that the number of chromosome segments from Saccharum spontaneum decreased with the breeding time of cultivars, while those from S. officinarum increased in recent cultivars. A series of selection signatures were identified in sugarcane improvement procession, of which 104 were simultaneously associated with agronomic traits and 45 of them were mainly associated with sucrose content. We further proposed that as per sugarcane transgenic experiments, ShN/AINV3.1 plays a positive role in increasing stalk number, plant height, and stalk diameter. These findings provide comprehensive resources for understanding the genetic basis of agronomic traits and will be beneficial to germplasm innovation, screening molecular markers, and future sugarcane cultivar improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain inexpensive Pt-free counter electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells and expand the application fields of low-rank coal, lignite-based Ni/C composite was prepared by low-medium temperature pyrolysis method using Huolinhe lignite as raw materials. The structure and chemical components of as-synthesized lignite-based Ni/C composite was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TG, Raman, SEM, TEM, and XPS, and the electrocatalytic activity of lignite-based Ni/C composite counter electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetric curve, electrochemical impedance spectrum, and Tafel polarization curve. It is found that the electrocatalytic activity of the lignite was improved after low-medium temperature pyrolysis and composited with Ni species to form lignite-based Ni/C composite, which helps to catalyze the reduction of electrolyte and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cells. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of the dye-sensitized solar cells based on the lignite-based Ni/C composite counter electrode was 3.42% (Jsc = 11.49 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.75 V, FF = 0.40) significantly higher than that of the lignite counter electrode (η = 0.20%, Jsc = 3.16 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.72 V, FF = 0.09). This indicates that low-medium temperature pyrolysis and composition with Ni are an effective method to improve the photovoltaic performance of lignite-based counter electrode materials. The lignite-based Ni/C composite was synthesized and applied in counter electrode for DSSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), although Pt is commonly used as counter electrode materials owing to its great electrocatalytic activity and conductivity, the high price and small reserves of Pt limit its large‐scale application. In this paper, heteromorphic Ni decorated Fe‐containing carbon nanofibers (Ni/NiO@Fe‐CNFs) was prepared by a thermal synthesis method, and applied as composite counter electrode materials for DSSCs. It was found that the as‐synthesized Ni/NiO@Fe‐CNFs shows better electrocatalytic activity than that of Fe‐CNFs and CNFs for the reduction reaction of triiodide to iodide. The improved electrocatalytic activity is not only attributed to the introduction of Fe2O3 to form Fe‐CNFs, but also attributed to the heteromorphic Ni decoration and their synergistic effect. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs with Ni/NiO@Fe‐CNFs counter electrode is 4.81 %, much higher than that of CNFs (0.62 %) and Fe‐CNFs counter electrode (3.65 %), and comparable to the value of Pt counter electrode (5.10 %). Accordingly, the Ni/NiO@Fe‐CNFs is expected to be a potential counter electrode material to replace Pt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of highly efficient and earth-abundant bifunctional electrocatalyst to accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical for overall water splitting. In this work, bimetallic Co/Mo oxides modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method, which significantly improved the electrocatalytic activity in both HER and OER. Under the optimal conditions, the double layer capacitance of rGO modified by Co/Mo bimetal is 78.08 mF cm−2. The overpotential required for HER to reach -10 mA cm−2 current density is 488 mV, the dynamic Tafel slope is 126 mV dec−1. The overpotential required for OER to reach 10 mA cm−2 current density is 420 mV, the slope of kinetic Tafel is 169 mV dec−1. This work provides a new prospect for the rational design and fabrication of efficient HER/OER bifunctional electrocatalysts in electrochemical energy device application.Graphical Abstract: Fabrication of highly efficient and earth-abundant bifunctional electrocatalyst to accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical for overall water splitting. In this work, bimetallic Co/Mo oxides modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method, which significantly improved the electrocatalytic activity in both HER and OER. Under the optimal conditions, the double layer capacitance of rGO modified by Co/Mo bimetal is 78.08 mF cm−2. The overpotential required for HER to reach -10 mA cm−2 current density is 488 mV, the dynamic Tafel slope is 126 mV dec−1. The overpotential required for OER to reach 10 mA cm−2 current density is 420 mV, the slope of kinetic Tafel is 169 mV dec−1. This work provides a new prospect for the rational design and fabrication of efficient HER/OER bifunctional electrocatalysts in electrochemical energy device application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To seek a Pt‐free carbon material counter electrode for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the electrocatalytic activity of needle coke (NC) for the reduction of triiodide in DSSCs was investigated, and further improved by decorating with Ni to prepare Ni decorated needle coke (Ni‐NC) via a one‐step solid‐state synthesis method. It is found that the NC is a potential carbon counter electrode material for DSSCs due to its high‐density anisotropy with considerable conductivity. Although the decoration of Ni may sacrifice certain conductivity of NC, the electrocatalytic activity of Ni‐NC towards reduction of triiodide was better than that of NC. To obtain a balanced point of conductivity and electrocatalytic performance for Ni‐NC, the loading amount of Ni together with the solid‐state synthesis conditions were also studied. It is indicated that these parameters also have some effect on the performance of Ni‐NC. Under the optimized conditions, the DSSCs based on Ni‐NC counter electrode achieve an 77 % higher energy conversion efficiency of 4.39 % than that of NC counter electrode (2.48 %), and comparable to the value (5.34 %) obtains with Pt counter electrode. It is an efficient way to improve the performance of NC by decorating with Ni via a facile solid‐state synthesis method, and promote the application of needle coke as carbon counter electrode materials in DSSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]