1. Invasive plant competitivity is mediated by nitrogen use strategies and rhizosphere microbiome.
- Author
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Li, Jie, He, Ji-Zheng, Liu, Min, Yan, Zhong-Qing, Xu, Xing-Liang, and Kuzyakov, Yakov
- Subjects
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INVASIVE plants , *SOIL microbial ecology , *COMPETITION (Biology) , *PLANT invasions , *PLANT competition , *PLANT biomass , *RHIZOSPHERE - Abstract
Invasive plants disrupt native biodiversity and ecosystem functions and their distribution increase with ongoing global land-use changes. Clarifying plant nitrogen (N) uptake and use strategies mediated by rhizosphere microbes is key to understand the success of plant invasion. We used 15N labeling to assess the N uptake rate and N use efficiency (NUE) of four invasive species and their native congeners growing either alone (without competition) or pairwise (interspecific competition), and the abundance of functional genes and enzyme activities in the soil were linked to the richness and community composition of rhizosphere bacteria. Without competition, invasive plants have larger biomass (∼40%) and NUE (∼68%) than their natives, but the natives has a faster NO 3 − uptake rate (∼10%) than invasive plants. Interspecific competition decreases the plant biomass but increases the NUE of both invasive and native plants and increases the NH 4 + and NO 3 − uptake by invasive plants. Consequently, invasive plants produce more biomass due to their stronger competitive ability (higher relative competition index) and faster NH 4 + uptake rate than their natives. Invasive plants have a larger microbial biomass, higher activity of β-D-cellobiosidase, faster nitrification, denitrification, and nitrogenase activity, and higher abundances of nifH , nirS , and nosZ genes than their natives when growing pairwise. Competition leads to the enrichment in a set of OTUs in the rhizosphere of invasive and native plants compared with those grown alone, and the enrichment of another set in invasive compared with native plants grown together. The plant biomass, N uptake rate, and NUE are influenced by rhizosphere bacteria via the acceleration of N transformation in the soil. We conclude that the competitive advantage of invasive plants is achieved by fast NH 4 + uptake, rather than by strengthening NUE as would be the case in the absence of competition. These findings provide important insights into the critical mechanisms of plant N uptake during invasion by alien plants. [Display omitted] • Larger biomass and NUE of invaders are the main advantages compared to native plants. • Faster NH 4 + uptake rate of invaders allows to over compete the natives by N limitation. • Invaders achieved competitive advantages by strengthening NH 4 + uptake instead of NUE. • Rhizosphere functional bacteria mediated the competition via N mineralization for plant N uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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