Search

During the COVID-19 prevention and control period, large-scale online education was the largest digital transformation practice in education in human history. This study launched a questionnaire survey on primary and high school students. The survey was conducted from four aspects: demographics, online learning preparation, the online learning situations, and online learning experience. This study thoroughly investigated the status and problems of students' online learning and analysed the characteristics of students' online learning and the differences amongst grades. The study found that students have high adaptability and continuance intention to online learning. This study found that students also had some learning difficulties in the process of online learning, mainly manifested by lack of interaction, difficulty in concentration, and lack of learning initiative. There were significant differences among different grades. The overall situation of junior high school students' online learning is better than that of primary school students and senior high school students.

Background: Exercise or vitamin D intervention can reduce the risk of arterial stiffness; however, the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism remain unexplored. To examine the effects of a 12-week moderate and vigorous exercise program (65–80% maximal heart rate, 60 min/time, 2~3 times/week) with or without vitamin D supplementation (1000 IU/day) on the reduction in arterial stiffness and further explore whether the effects of interventions could be associated with the basal lipidome among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitum (T2DM). Method: 61 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (CON, n = 15), exercise (EX, n = 14), vitamin D (VD, n = 16), and exercise + vitamin D (EX + VD, n = 16). Arterial stiffness risk factors (ankle–brachial index (ABI); brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) were evaluated before and after the intervention. The plasma lipidome was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Machine learning was applied to establish prediction models for the responsiveness to arterial stiffness. Result: Vitamin D supplementation could inhibit the decrease in the ankle–brachial index (mean ± SD: EX + VD and VD, −0.001 ± 0.058; EX + CON, −0.047 ± −0.089; p = 0.03). We observed high inter-individual variability in the arterial stiffness risk factors in response to the interventions. We also found that optimally selecting the lipid predictors at baseline, such as SM d44:6, LPE 18:2, and Hex2Cer 29:0, could enhance the predictive power by 100% for arm SBP changes in the exercise group. Basal levels of Cer (33:1) and GM3 (44:4) could enhance the predictive power by 100% for changes in baPWV in the vitamin D group. Conclusions: A 12-week vitamin D supplementation was beneficial in preventing arterial stiffness. Compared with traditional clinical risk factors, specific lipids at baseline could significantly improve the ability to predict intervention-induced changes in the reduction of arterial stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the oral processing characteristics of Mianning ham was investigated. A sensory evaluation team of 10 evaluators with food professional background was involved in food mastication and dough collection. Oral processing analysis of ultrasonically treated hams was performed using particle distribution analysis, Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), electronic nose, and dynamic dominant sensory attribute testing. The results showed that compared with the control group, the chewing time and the number of chewing times of the ultrasonically treated hams during oral processing were significantly increased, the salivary content in the ham eating dough was significantly reduced, the types and contents of flavor substances were significantly increased, and the ultrasonic treatment significantly reduced the dominant organoleptic attributes such as saltiness and sourness of the Mianning hams. This paper takes Mianning ham bolus as the research object, analyzes the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the flavor perception of Mianning ham, and provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of ham back-end processing technology., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 He, Wang, Hao, Huang and CHen.)

We presented a new method for vessel segmentation and vascular structure recognition for coronary angiographic images. During vessel segmentation, a new vessel function was proposed to attain vessel feature map. Then the region growing algorithm was implemented with an automatic selection of seed point, extraction of main vessel branch, and vessel detail repairing. In the algorithm of vascular structure recognition, a fuzzy operator was used, which can detect the structures of vascular segments, bifurcations, crosses, and tips. The experimental results indicated that there was about 5 percent larger vessel region which was extracted by the proposed segmentation method than that by the simple region growing algorithm, and several thinner vessels were resumed from the lower gray region. The results also indicated that the fuzzy operator could correctly infer the simulative and real vessel structure with 100% and 90.59% correctness rate on the average, respectively.