Search

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of stroke in Songjiang District from 2017 to 2022, to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of stroke incidence, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of stroke prevention and control policies.MethodsData of new stroke incidence from 2017 to 2022 in Songjiang District were obtained from the Shanghai Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction Registration and Reporting Information System. In addition, different classifications such as time of onset, gender, age group and types of stroke, were statistically analyzed. Statistical indicators, such as the number of incidence, crude incidence rate, standardized incidence rate and average age of incidence were calculated simultaneously. Joinpoint software were used to calculate the annual change percentage (APC) and the trend of stroke incidence in Songjiang District.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2022, the newly reported cases of stroke were 12 988 in Songjiang District, the crude incidence rate was 325.76/105, and the standardized incidence rate was 127.58/105. The crude incidence rate and standardized incidence rate in males were 363.45/105 and 157.17/105, respectively, but 288.68/105 and 99.02/105 in females. The mean age of onset was (73.12±11.75) years, of which the mean age of onset was (70.86±11.96) years for men and (75.91±10.85) years for women. The incidence of stroke increased with age, rising rapidly after 60 years and reaching a peak in the age group of ≥ 80 years old. The crude incidence rate and standardized incidence rate of stroke in Songjiang District showed a downward trend from 2017 to 2022, with an APC of -6.20% and -8.01%, respectively (P=0.018, 0.007). The newly reported stroke was dominated by ischemic stroke, accounting for 82.81% of the total cases, with a crude incidence rate of 269.77/105 and a standardized rate of 103.84/105. The incidence of stroke presented seasonal characteristics, with the highest incidence in winter, accounting for 26.11% of the whole year.ConclusionThe incidence rate of stroke in Songjiang District shows a declined trend, but the overall incidence is still at a high level. The situation of prevention and control is still serious, with a heavy disease burden. It is necessary to strengthen health education and disease management for the elderly.

Terpene cyclization, one of the most complex chemical reactions in nature, is generally catalyzed by two classes of terpene cyclases (TCs). Cytochrome P450s that act as unexpected TC-like enzymes are known but are very rare. In this study, we genome-mined a cryptic bacterial terpenoid gene cluster, named ari, from the thermophilic actinomycete strain Amycolatopsis arida. By employing a heterologous production system, we isolated and characterized three highly oxidized eunicellane derived diterpenoids, aridacins A-C (1-3), that possess a 6/7/5-fused tricyclic scaffold. In vivo and in vitro experiments systematically established a noncanonical two-step biosynthetic pathway for diterpene skeleton formation. First, a class I TC (AriE) cyclizes geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into a 6/10-fused bicyclic cis-eunicellane skeleton. Next, a cytochrome P450 (AriF) catalyzes cyclization of the eunicellane skeleton into the 6/7/5-fused tricyclic scaffold through C2-C6 bond formation. Based on the results of quantum chemical computations, hydrogen abstraction followed by electron transfer coupled to barrierless carbocation ring closure is shown to be a viable mechanism for AriF-mediated cyclization. The biosynthetic logic of skeleton construction in the aridacins is unprecedented, expanding the catalytic capacity and diversity of P450s and setting the stage to investigate the inherent principles of carbocation generation by P450s in the biosynthesis of terpenoids.

Colour vision deficiencies (CVDs) indicate potential genetic variations and can be important biomarkers of acquired impairment in many neuro-ophthalmic diseases. However, CVDs are typically measured with tests which possess high sensitivity for detecting the presence of a CVD but do not quantify its type or severity. In this study, we introduce Foraging Interactive D-prime (FInD), a novel computer-based, generalisable, rapid, self-administered vision assessment tool and apply it to colour vision testing. This signal detection theory-based adaptive paradigm computed test stimulus intensity from d-prime analysis. Stimuli were chromatic Gaussian blobs in dynamic luminance noise, and participants clicked on cells that contained chromatic blobs (detection) or blob pairs of differing colours (discrimination). Sensitivity and repeatability of FInD colour tasks were compared against the Hardy-Rand-Rittler and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue tests in 19 colour-normal and 18 inherited colour-atypical, age-matched observers. Rayleigh colour match was also completed. Detection and discrimination thresholds were higher for atypical than for typical observers, with selective threshold elevations corresponding to unique CVD types. Classifications of CVD type and severity via unsupervised machine learning confirmed functional subtypes. FInD tasks reliably detect inherited CVDs, and may serve as valuable tools in basic and clinical colour vision science.

[Objective] Due to the limited development of spatialization technology for socioeconomic data, previous research on the factors that affect urban shrinkage at the physical area scale of cities has mostly remained at the stage of qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis using administrative area data instead of physical area data. Breaking through the limit of spatialization of socioeconomic data within physical urban areas is the primary prerequisite for achieving quantitative analysis of influencing factors at the physical area scale. [Methods] By constructing the VANUI index and setting a comprehensive threshold, the scope of physical urban areas in Central and Southern Liaoning was determined. Based on the superposition of the slopes of univariate linear regression between the DN values of nighttime light and LandScan population grid data in the periods of 2013-2017 and 2018-2022, the physical urban areas were divided into four types: absolute growth type, negative growth type, smart shrinkage type, and absolute shrinkage type, and a spatiotemporal evolution analysis was conducted, based on the historical background of the “New Northeast Phenomenon”. By combining CRITIC and entropy weight method for equal weighting, the spatialization of data on influencing factors such as economic development level, medical service level, educational resource abundance, cultural facility density, livability of the environment, and external transportation convenience was achieved using nighttime light data and point of interest (POI) data. Finally, the GTWR model was used to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of urban population growth and shrinkage during the two periods of the region. [Results] (1) The shrinking areas within cities from 2013 to 2017 in Central and Southern Liaoning were all transformed into growing areas from 2018 to 2022. (2) From 2018 to 2022, the proportion of negative growing areas within cities reached 55.80%. (3) The level of medical services, abundance of educational resources, density of cultural facilities, and livability of the environment all had a positive effect on the overall population growth in each city, but the positive effect was generally weakened in the second period. The overall negative effects of external transportation convenience and economic development level were observed during the two periods. [Conclusions] (1) The urban population shrinkage of Central and Southern Liaoning has achieved a growing transformation, and at present, all cities are more characterized by the mismatch of population, social, and economic development. (2) The multidimensional shrinkage of population, society, and economy within all cities is not common. There is a possibility of achieving growing transformation in the short term, and there are significant differences by urban hierarchy. (3) The social and economic development pains accompanied by resource depletion and industrial transformation have weakened the positive attraction of medical, educational, and cultural facility provisions and improvement of the living environment, which are highly tied to economic development, on population. (4) The development of the external transportation system currently has played a role in promoting population loss in cities.

The study investigated the semi-hibernation and critical temperature of grass carp based on gradient cooling, and explore the effects of temperature (12–24 ℃) on the survival of grass carp and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the water. The temperature was reduced from room temperature (23–25 ℃) to the semi-dormant temperature (16 ℃) at cooling rate of 1, 3, or 5 ℃/h. The control group was reared at room temperature, and sampling was conducted after 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Serum biochemical and antioxidant parameters were measured to obtain the maximum cooling rate for grass crap. The results showed that the semi-dormant temperature of grass carp was 16 ℃, the critical temperature was 6–8 ℃, and the optimal cooling rate was 3 ℃/h. At 16 ℃, grass carp exhibited delayed stress response and decreased metabolism, and lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the water. Except for aspartate aminotransferase level, the maximum values of other serum biochemical indexes at the cooling rate of 3 ℃/h, were significantly lower than those at 1 and 5 ℃/h (P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with survival time, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed an opposite trend, reaching a minimum value of 5.27 mmol/mg after 36 h. Compared to the control group, the contents of all biochemical and antioxidant indexes in the three cooling groups showed significant changes with survival time. Therefore, cooling grass carp at a rate of 3 ℃/h could reduce the stress response and allowed it to enter a semi-hibernation state at a more suitable time. The results from this study provide key parameters for the temporary cultivation and transport of grass carp, as well as useful guidelines for reducing the transport mortality.

Background The presence of insomnia symptoms reduces the quality of life of perimenopausal women and increases their risk of developing other diseases. Currently, there are numerous non-pharmacological interventions available to improve perimenopausal insomnia symptoms, with disagreement as to which intervention is most effective. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in improving perimenopausal insomnia symptoms using a network meta-analysis. Methods In March 2022, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EmBase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP and CBM were searched for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the improvement of perimenopausal insomnia symptoms by non-pharmacological interventions from inception to March 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included literature using the RCT bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane Manual of Systematic Review 5.1.0. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed on the overall response rate to the improvement of perimenopausal insomnia symptoms, as well as improvement in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI) score, Kupperman score and estradiol (E2) level under different non-pharmacological interventions by using R 4.1.3 software and the GeMTC package. Results A total of 44 RCTs including 3 354 patients were selected, involving 12 non-pharmacological interventions (moxibustion, electroacupuncture, acupoint pressing with beans, scraping, fire dragon pot, thumbtack needle, massage, warm acupuncture, bee acupuncture, acupoint embedding, music therapy, acupuncture). The results of meta-analysis showed that moxibustion, electroacupuncture, and acupuncture were superior to sedative-hypnotic western drugs in overall response rate to the improvement of perimenopausal insomnia symptoms (P0.05), with scraping emerging and acupuncture as the most probable superior intervention, respectively. Conclusion Current evidence demonstrates that moxibustion is superior in overall response rate to the improvement of perimenopausal insomnia symptoms and PSQI score in perimenopausal women, while scraping is superior in improving Kupperman score and acupuncture has advantages in improving E2 level, however, further validation of this conclusion is needed by conducting more high-quality studies.

Recently, we reported measurements of heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) in 22 young observers, with stimuli that (nominally) modulated only L- and M-cones and were kept at (approximately) a constant multiple of detection threshold. These equiluminance settings were represented as the angle in the (L, M) cone contrast plane, with the greenish peak of the flicker in quadrant II and the reddish peak in quadrant IV; equiluminance settings were reported as the greenish angle. The mean equiluminance angle was 116.3° (an M:L cone contrast ratio of -2 at equiluminance), but individual differences in the settings were substantial, with the variation across individuals almost five times larger than the within-subject precision in the settings. In the present study we sought to determine the degree to which we could account for our observers HFP settings by plausible variations in the macular pigment optical density (MPOD), the lens pigment optical density (LPOD), the cone photopigment optical densities (PPOD), and serine/alanine polymorphism in L-cone opsin (λmax shift). Most of the range of our measured equiluminance angles could be accounted for by these factors, although the largest two angles (smallest |ΔM/M: ΔL/L| ratio at equiluminance) could not. Individual differences in HFP have sometimes been taken to indicate variations in the ratio of L:M cone number; our results suggest that most of the individual differences in HFP might be equally well ascribed to physiological factors other than cone number. Simple linear models allow predictions of equiluminance angle, cone adapting level, and artifactual S-cone contrast from the values of the four factors considered here.

Author(s): Qishan Chen [sup.1] [sup.2] , Chutong Liu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Liuying Lu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Miaosi Li [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yating Chen [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jingyi He [sup.1] [sup.2] [...], This study aimed to examine the relationships among job resources, psychological capital, work engagement and perceived marketability. A sample of 577 subjects participated in the study. We used structural equation modelling to test a multiple mediation model. The results indicated that job resources were positively related to perceived marketability and that both psychological capital and work engagement mediated this relationship; specifically, job resources influenced participants&apos; perceived marketability through a multiple mediation effect by enhancing psychological capital and work engagement. This study developed an integrated model of the effect of job resources on employees&apos; perceived marketability in the Chinese context. It offered robust evidence for this effect by demonstrating the multiple sequential mediating roles of psychological capital and work engagement. This evidence contributes to the understanding of how and why job resource endowments influence employees&apos; perceived marketability.

Heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP), minimum motion (MM), and minimally distinct border (MDB) settings have often been used to determine equiluminance, a relative intensity setting for two chromaticities that, in theory, eliminates the responses of a luminance or achromatic psychophysical mechanism. These settings have been taken to reflect the relative contribution of the long (L) and medium (M) wavelength cones to luminance, which varies widely across individuals. The present study compares HFP, MM, and MDB using stimuli that do not modulate the short (S) wavelength cones, in both practiced and naïve observers. MDB was performed with both flashed and steadily viewed stimuli. Results are represented in the (∆L/L, ∆M/M) plane of cone contrast space. Considering both practiced and naïve observers, both MM and HFP had excellent within-subject precision and high test-retest reliability, whereas HFP also had low between-subject variability. The MDB tasks were less reliable and less precise. The mean L:M contrast ratios at equiluminance were lower for the two temporal tasks (HFP and MM) compared to the spatial tasks (MDB), perhaps consistent with the existence of multiple luminance mechanisms. Overall, the results suggest that the best method for determining equiluminance is HFP, with MM being a close second.

The article presents the results related to theoretical modelling of the phenomenon “artistic and project-based experience” of future teachers of Musical Arts and the criteria for its evaluation. The formation of this type of experience on the basis of piano training aimed at future teachers of Musical Arts is actualized by the fact that projects become the most attractive innovative organisational form of teaching arts. Researchers explore various phenomena related to project-making (competence, skills, technology, activities, culture, etc.). However, artistic and project-based experience in the context of professional training aimed at future teachers of Musical Arts still needs theoretical understanding. The article clarifies the essence of this type of experience; the corresponding concept is interpreted as an integrated professional quality of future Musical Arts teachers; it is a process and a result of accumulation and memorisation of knowledge and practical skills enabling the embodiment of artistic and essence-related ideas into an organisational form perceived as an event where all participants are involved into independent preparing and performing of distributed creative tasks according to a certain scenario, focusing on achieving a common pedagogical goal. The structure of artistic and project-based experience is presented; it consists of four components: methodologically motivated component (aspiration to acquire methodical competence in piano performance; an interested attitude to mastering piano performance as a pedagogical resource of professional training); artistic and mental (the presence of the memory fund of artistic and project-related events and their reflection (artistic and project-based thinking)); activity-based and communicative (the presence of experience of artistic and communicative actions; activity in mastering the artistic and communicative resource of piano training); creative and self-organisational (experience of self-organisation in pedagogical project-making related to piano training; integrative and praxeological resources of the experience when dealing with artistic and figurative project-making and script-planning of events). The assessment criteria and indicators of the developed components are presented: motivational and intentional; information-based and operational; technological and innovative; productive and creative.

Highlights: The use of novel nanographdiyne (o-TB-GDY) via anti-solvent additive engineering significantly enhances the nucleation and growth of perovskite crystals, leading to improved film quality, reduced film defects and suppressed non-radiative recombination. o-TB-GDY primarily remains on the surface of the perovskite films after crystallization, where it strongly interacts with the undercoordinated Pb defects for effective passivation. The optimized perovskite solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 25.62% (certified as 25.01%) with good stability. Finding ways to produce dense and smooth perovskite films with negligible defects is vital for achieving high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we aim to enhance the quality of the perovskite films through the utilization of a multifunctional additive in the perovskite anti-solvent, a strategy referred to as anti-solvent additive engineering. Specifically, we introduce ortho-substituted-4′-(4,4″-di-tert-butyl-1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl)-graphdiyne (o-TB-GDY) as an AAE additive, characterized by its sp/sp2-cohybridized and highly π-conjugated structure, into the anti-solvent. o-TB-GDY not only significantly passivates undercoordinated lead defects (through potent coordination originating from specific high π–electron conjugation), but also serves as nucleation seeds to effectively enhance the nucleation and growth of perovskite crystals. This markedly reduces defects and non-radiative recombination, thereby increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 25.62% (certified as 25.01%). Meanwhile, the PSCs exhibit largely enhanced stability, maintaining 92.6% of their initial PCEs after 500 h continuous 1-sun illumination at ~ 23 °C in a nitrogen-filled glove box. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important data in intelligent ocean is the sea surface temperature (SST). Most of the previous works on SST prediction deal with independent spatial point, ignoring the spatial correlation of two‐dimensional intelligent ocean, which leads to instability of prediction accuracy. Therefore, in this paper, a deep learning model based on convolutional gated recurrent unit is proposed for the SST prediction of two‐dimensional intelligent ocean. Input and output of the proposed model are both spatiotemporal SST data, which means the model directly process spatiotemporal data. This method adds the spatial information of the intelligent ocean temperature data, thereby improving the accuracy. From the experiments, it turns out that the proposed model shows superior performance compared to another three prevailing deep learning models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinization severely affects the quality and yield of maize. As a C4 plant with high efficiency in utilizing light and carbon dioxide, maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. This study aims to investigate the pathways and mechanisms by which trehalose mediates the improvement of salt tolerance in maize through a combined analysis of physiology and transcriptomics. The results indicate that foliar application of trehalose treatment significantly increased maize biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing the H2O2 and Na+/K+ ratios in both the aerial and underground parts of the plant. Additionally, trehalose enhanced the total secretion of organic acids from maize roots, improving the soil microenvironment for maize growth under salt stress and alleviating Na+ toxicity. Transcriptomic data revealed that under salt stress, most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis, abscisic acid signaling, and sugar metabolism, and trehalose application increased the expression levels of these pathways, thereby mitigating the growth inhibition caused by salinity. This study elucidates mechanisms for enhancing salt tolerance in maize, providing theoretical support for improving its resilience and offering innovative strategies for utilizing a wide range of saline-alkali land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Antibiotics are commonly used in animal production to treat or prevent bacterial infections. Tilmicosin is one of the antibiotics widely used in livestock and poultry. However, the use of antibiotics raises concerns about the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens due to the strong selection pressure. One common approach to mitigate the antibiotic residue risk is implementing withdrawal periods. However, there is a trade-off between animal growth time and profit. Therefore, alternative methods for reducing antibiotic residue in animal products have garnered significant interest. In this study, we systematically analyzed the changes in the concentration of drug residues in different tissues of Silkie chickens for 40 days post tilmicosin treatment. Furthermore, we explored their effects on blood biochemical parameters for 140 days post-treatment. We conducted 16S rRNA sequencing to uncover the long-lasting effects of tilmicosin treatment on microbial diversity and composition from 1 to 120 days. Finally, correlation analysis between microbiota and concentrations of antibiotic residues in different tissues indicated that Mucispirillum_schaedleri, Parabbacteroide_distasonis, and Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii were strongly associated with tilmicosin residue. Tilmicosin, an antibiotic widely used in animal husbandry to prevent and treat bacterial infections, raises concerns due to its residual accumulation, which impacts both animal health and food safety. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of tilmicosin clearance patterns in different tissues, assessed physiological impacts through blood biochemistry, and investigated changes in gut microbial composition with 16S rRNA sequencing of the tilmicosin-treated Silkie chickens. Initially, we observed rapid peaks in tilmicosin residues in all tissues within 1 day after treatment, but complete metabolism took longer, extending beyond 9 days. Moreover, tilmicosin treatment significantly decreased serum levels of total bile acid, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid, while increasing the levels of direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and glutathione peroxidase at day 3, followed by a decrease from day 5 onwards. The effects of tilmicosin use on microbial composition and diversity lasted for an extended period, with the relative abundance of Proteobacteria remaining significantly different between the control and tilmicosin-treated groups at 120 days. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between Mucispirillum_schaedleri and tilmicosin residue in all tissues, while Parabbacteroide_distasonis, Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii, and others exhibited negative correlations with tilmicosin residue. Overall, our study indicates a significant correlation between intestinal microbes and antibiotic residues, providing a theoretical basis for guiding the withdrawal period after antibiotic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of diabetes mellitus among community population in Songjiang District of Shanghai， and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.MethodsBased on the baseline data of the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort （2016‒2017） and local medication database， the prevalence of diabetes in the cohort was described， and the influencing factors for the prevalence of diabetes in different genders were analyzed.ResultsAmong 35 928 participants， males accounted for 40.57%， and the median age was 58 years old. There were 5 342 diabetic patients with a crude prevalence rate of 14.87% and the standardized prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus was 7.57%. The prevalence rate of diabetes in males （15.81%） was significantly higher than that in females （14.23%， P