Search

The drag torque produced by the viscous shearing action of lubricating oil is an important component of the power loss of wet clutches. Studying the prediction model and its influencing factors will provide important theoretical support for reducing the drag torque. Taking a single friction pair wet clutch as the research object, this research obtained the oil film shrinkage under different working conditions based on the VOF model. On this basis, a drag torque calculation model considering the surface tension and shrinkage of oil film is established, in which the drag torque is composed of the torque transmitted by oil film in the oil film continuous zone and the torque transmitted by oil-liquid and gas-liquid in the oil film rupture area, respectively. Comparing the theoretical drag torque with the simulation and experimental results, the variation law of drag torque with the speed difference under different oil film thicknesses and different supply flow is obtained, and the validity of the theoretical model is also verified. Results show that increasing the oil film thickness and decreasing the supply flow will lead to a decrease in drag torque, which provides a useful reference for reducing the drag torque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) share clinical features, which complicates their differentiation in clinical settings. This study proposes an innovative approach that integrates structural connectome analysis with machine learning models to discern individuals with MDD from individuals with BD. High-resolution MRI images were obtained from individuals diagnosed with MDD or BD and from HCs. Structural connectomes were constructed to represent the complex interplay of brain regions using advanced graph theory techniques. Machine learning models were employed to discern unique connectivity patterns associated with MDD and BD. At the global level, both BD and MDD patients exhibited increased small-worldness compared to the HC group. At the nodal level, patients with BD and MDD showed common differences in nodal parameters primarily in the right amygdala and the right parahippocampal gyrus when compared with HCs. Distinctive differences were found mainly in prefrontal regions for BD, whereas MDD was characterized by abnormalities in the left thalamus and default mode network. Additionally, the BD group demonstrated altered nodal parameters predominantly in the fronto-limbic network when compared with the MDD group. Moreover, the application of machine learning models utilizing structural brain parameters demonstrated an impressive 90.3% accuracy in distinguishing individuals with BD from individuals with MDD. These findings demonstrate that combined structural connectome and machine learning enhance diagnostic accuracy and may contribute valuable insights to the understanding of the distinctive neurobiological signatures of these psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in vitro experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of ammonia on the macrophages of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco from a ferroptotic point of view. The fish macrophages were cultured with 0.00, 0.12, 0.23 and 0.46 mg/L ammonia for 24 h. The result showed that ammonia decreased the cell viability, reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of fish macrophages. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of systemXc‐ and ferritin light chain1 (FTL1) were down‐regulated when ammonia concentration was elevated up to 0.12 mg/L. Compared with control, the mRNA level of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was up‐regulated when ammonia was elevated up to 0.12 mg/L, but was down‐regulated when ammonia reached 0.46 mg/L. Compared with control, the mRNA level of lipoxygenase (LOX)‐12 was up‐regulated when ammonia was elevated up to 0.12 mg/L, but was down‐regulated when ammonia reached 0.23 mg/L, and the mRNA levels of LOX‐5, LOX‐15b and transferrin Receptor 1 (TFR1) were up‐regulated when ammonia was elevated up to 0.12 mg/L, but was down‐regulated when ammonia reached 0.23 mg/L. In conclusion, our study found that ammonia could trigger ferroptosis in the macrophage of fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia is the most common contaminants found in aquaculture water that seriously endangers fish health. However, there are few studies on the strategy and mechanism on alleviating ammonia toxicity in fish. The current study aimed to observe the cytotoxic effects of ammonia and the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on head kidney macrophage of yellow catfish from the perspective of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The cells were randomized into normal control, ammonia group (0.23 mg L−1), CGA group (125 µmol L−1), CGA (5, 25, 125 µmol L−1) + ammonia (0.23 mg L−1) groups. Cells were pretreated with CGA for 1 h followed by ammonia for 24 h. Findings suggested that ammonia treatment reduced cell viability, increased ROS production, up‐regulated antioxidant (SOD, GPx) and pro‐inflammatory (TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6, COX‐2, NF‐κB p65) genes expression, down‐regulated the mRNA levels of M2‐type macrophage marker (Arg‐1) and anti‐apoptosis (Bcl‐2), and CGA attenuated the toxic effects of ammonia. The findings may provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of ammonia toxicity and suggest that CGA can be used as a potential natural supplement to alleviate ammonia toxicity in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]