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The mini‐outburst of black hole X‐ray binaries (BHXBs) is a re‐bright event of light curve, which is often detected in BHXBs with the low orbital period, such as XTE J1650‐500 (Porb≈7.69±0.02hr$$ {P}_{\mathrm{orb}}\approx 7.69\pm 0.02\kern0.22em \mathrm{hr} $$), GRO J0422+32 (Porb≈5.091850±0.000005hr$$ {P}_{\mathrm{orb}}\approx 5.091850\pm 0.000005\kern0.22em \mathrm{hr} $$) and Swift J1753.5‐0127 (Porb≈3.244±0.001hr$$ {P}_{\mathrm{orb}}\approx 3.244\pm 0.001\kern0.22em \mathrm{hr} $$). Because of its low X‐ray luminosity, the physics properties of mini‐outburst is still unclear. GX 339‐4 is a famous BHXBs with the orbital period Porb=16.9hr$$ {P}_{\mathrm{orb}}=16.9\kern0.22em \mathrm{hr} $$ and present many normal outburst and failed outburst over the past decades. However, the mini‐outburst is not still detected in GX 339‐4. In this work, using the Rossi X‐ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations, we investigated the energy spectrum properties of the GX 339‐4 outburst in 2004 and confirmed that the outburst in 2004 is a mini‐outburst. It is very interest that the mini‐outburst has been through a whole state transition from Low/Hard state to High/Soft state. We also give a comparison between the normal outburst in 2002 and the mini‐outburst in 2004. And we find that the two outburst present a similar Hardness‐Intensity diagram and spectral properties, which suggest that the normal outburst and mini‐outburst have a similar physics. We think that the mini‐outburst of GX 339‐4 in 2004 can be well explained by the disk instability model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though numerous bioinspired catalysts have been developed, there remain huge gaps between the artificial and natural catalysts, because it is very difficult to imitate simultaneously the complicated constituents, structures, and synergistic effect of enzymes. We report herein a versatile metalloporphyrinic framework platform, which exhibits high efficiency in bioinspired catalysis, photocatalysis, and asymmetric catalysis. The catalytic properties are highly dependent on the tunable constituents and their cooperation, and are significantly superior to the corresponding molecular catalyst systems which lack the synergistic effects. Since there are numerous functional moieties that can readily be incorporated into the metalloporphyrinic framework platform, a myriad of applications can be simply realized by embedding different functional moieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the indicators and validity of inquiry in the screening of chronic schistosomiasis japonica., Methods: 51 villages of Hanshou county were selected at random in Hunan Province and the whole resident (>6 months/year) population aged 5 years and above was eligible for inclusion in the study. Inquiry through questionnairing, serological test (ELISA) and B type ultrasonography were applied respectively to screen chronic cases and evaluate morbidity due to schistosome infection. Logistic analysis was performed to explore the relationship between indicators of questionnaire and the results of ELISA and abdominal ultrasonography. Bayes discriminant analysis was used to assess consistency of inquiry and ELISA, inquiry and the degree of hepatic fibrosis., Results: 26,426 inhabitants in the endemic villages were screened by ELISA with 1380 (5.2%) positive. 1264 sero-positive and 1446 sero-negative cases were asked questions relating to schistosomiasis and examined by abdominal ultrasonography. Inquiry indices such as self-reported diarrhea, stool with mucus and fatigue during the last two weeks, history of infested water contact and times of treatment were specific to chronic schistosomiasis. The coincident rate for validation was 75.9% between inquiry and ELISA, and 75.4% between inquiry and hepatic fibrosis degree., Conclusion: Validity of inquiry was satisfactory in screening chronic schistosomiasis in endemic areas.