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Background: To observe the basic metabolic characteristics of obese patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and observe and compare the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and metformin treatment after 3 months. Methods: In January to December 2018, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University selected 104 women who were classified as obese with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/cm2 or higher and had PCOS. They were divided into obese PCOS group (53 cases) and obese non-PCOS group (51 cases). Results: 1. There was no significant difference in waist circumference and WHR between patients who are obese with PCOS and patients who are obese without PCOS (P > 0.05). Obese PCOS patients were significantly higher in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), LH/FSH, T, FAI, homa-ir, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), Apo-B and uric acid than the group of non-PCOS patients who were obese. (P 0.05). Conclusions: 1. Obese patients with PCOS demonstrated higher expression of AMH, LH/FSH, T, SHBG, and FAI when contrasted with the control group. Additionally, they experienced more severe insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders. 2. The weight and BMI of obese PCOS patients were significantly decreased after weight loss, while IR and blood lipid were significantly improved, while IR was improved in metformin group, and no significant discrepancy was observed in the degree of improvement of insulin resistance between both groups.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by human umbilical cord have therapeutic effects on various degenerative diseases. However, the characteristics and potential functions of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (huMSCs)‐derived sEVs, especially the role of premature ovarian failure (POF), are poorly understood. Here, we isolated and characterized huMSCs and their sEVs. huMSCs highly expressed CD73, CD90, and CD105. huMSC‐sEVs showed typical exosomal features, highly expressing CD9, TSG101, and CD63. It was shown that huMSC‐sEVs could be taken up by granulosa cells (GCs) and damaged ovarian tissue, which increased the levels of hormone secretion and reduced GCs apoptosis. We further confirmed that the levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone in rat serum decreased dramatically, while the levels of estrogen (E2）and anti‐mullerian hormone (AMH) increased significantly with the treatment of huMSC‐sEVs. Meanwhile, huMSC‐sEVs treatment greatly reduced cell apoptosis and autophagy, while increased the phosphorylation levels of p‐PI3K and p‐Akt. Therefore, treatment with huMSC‐sEVs significantly inhibited GCs apoptosis, improved ovarian morphology, promoted follicular development, inhibited follicular over‐atresia, and improved ovarian reserve capacity in POF rats. Our study verified that activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulation of cellular autophagy, thus reducing GCs death, are the mechanisms by which huMSC‐sEVs restore ovarian tissue function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a novel dynamic periodic event-triggered control (DPE-TC) is proposed to investigate input-to-state stability (ISS) in multilayer coupled systems (MCSs). Different from the existing literature, a dynamic term is introduced to event-triggered control (E-TC), which can reduce the number of event triggers as the interexecution times are prolonged on the whole. Moreover, a periodic sampling is adopted, from where the Zeno phenomenon is naturally avoided. Based on the Lyapunov method and graph theory, ISS for coupled systems under the DPE-TC is established. Meanwhile, a dynamic event-triggered control with dwell-time is proposed, and a corollary to ensure the ISS of MCSs is also provided. Eventually, results are applied to second-order oscillators and a numerical example is given to prove the validity of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the value of quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in evaluation of the extramural venous invasion (EMVI) in rectal cancer. Methods A total of 76 patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative DCE-MRI examination and total mesorectal excision in our hospital from November 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled, and the results of the examination was collected and analyzed retrospectively. The entire tumor regions of interest (ROIs) for rectal cancer was drawn, and the quantitative [volume transfer constant (Ktrans), rate constant (Kep), volume fraction of extravascular extracellular space (Ve), and volume fraction of plasma (Vp)] and semi-quantitative parameters [initial area under curve (iAUC), time to peak (TTP), Max Slope, and Max Conc] of DCE-MRI were extracted using a third-party post-processing software, Omni Kinetic (OK). Each of the parameters between the EMVI positive and the negative groups was compared to analyze their respective diagnostic efficacy, and the correlation between each parameter and EMVI was analyzed. Results The intraclass correlation coefficient for each parameter extracted by 2 physicians was excellent in this study. The Ktrans and Ve values were significantly higher in the EMVI positive group than the negative group (P < 0.05), while the Kep and Vp values and the values of all semi-quantitative parameters showed no statistical differences between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The Ktrans (r=0.353, P=0.002) and Ve (r=0.417, P < 0.001) values were positively correlated with EMVI, respectively. When the Ktrans value is larger than 0.870 or Ve value than 0.556, good diagnostic performance was obtained in identifying EMVI with the area under the curves (AUC) of 0.728 and 0.769, respectively, and Ktrans had a higher specificity (90.9%) in excluding EMVI. But, the combined application of the 2 parameters had no effect on improvement of diagnostic performance (AUC=0.779). Conclusion DCE-MRI quantitative parameters Ktrans and Ve values have important application value in preoperative evaluation of rectal cancer EMVI.