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Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been adopted globally as a tool to combat biodiversity loss and restore marine ecosystems. Successful application of MPAs will be predicated on the ability to monitor biodiversity in a synoptic and noninvasive manner. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have important advantages over traditional biodiversity survey methods for monitoring conservation areas. To evaluate the efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding for fish biodiversity monitoring, we sampled 19 coastal eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds in Canada, as eelgrass beds are known for high biodiversity and significant conservation value. At each site, beach seines were used to survey fish and water samples were collected contemporaneously for eDNA metabarcoding. In total, beach seining caught 32 672 individuals across 59 fish taxa, and eDNA detected 129 fish taxa. eDNA captured site-level variation and detected higher species richness at both site and regional levels compared to seining. eDNA abundance had a positive association with capture abundance. Collectively these results highlight how eDNA metabarcoding offers an efficient approach for monitoring fish biodiversity in coastal eelgrass beds, thus providing a valuable and noninvasive tool for MPA planning and coastal monitoring. Les aires marines protegees (AMP) ont ete adoptees partout dans le monde comme outil pour contrer la perte de biodiversite et restaurer les ecosystemes marins. L'application efficace des AMP dependra de la capacite de surveillance synoptique et non invasive de la biodiversite. Les methodes reposant sur l'ADN environnemental (ADNe) presentent d'importants avantages par rapport aux methodes traditionnelles devaluation de la biodiversite pour la surveillance des aires de conservation. Afin d'evaluer l'efficacite du metacodage a barres de l'ADNe pour la surveillance de la biodiversite des poissons, nous avons echantillonne 19 herbiers de zostere (Zostera marina) cotiers au Canada, puisqu'il est etabli que ces derniers presentent une forte biodiversite et une importante valeur pour la conservation. Dans chaque site, des sennes de plage ont ete utilisees pour recenser les poissons et des echantillons d'eau ont ete preleves en meme temps pour les fins du metacodage a barres de l'ADNe. Au total, 32 672 specimens de 59 taxons de poissons ont ete pris a la senne de plage et l'ADNe a permis de detecter 129 taxons de poissons. Les donnees d'ADNe font ressortir des variations a l'echelle du site et une plus grande richesse specifique a l'echelle tant regionale que du site que la peche a la senne. L'abondance d'ADNe est positivement reliee a l'abondance des prises. Collectivement, ces resultats soulignent le fait que le metacodage a barres de l'ADNe constitue une approche efficace pour la surveillance de la biodiversite des poissons dans les herbiers a zostere cotiers, offrant ainsi un important outil non invasif pour la planification des APM et la surveillance cotiere. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Awareness of the implications of global biodiversity loss has increased over the past two decades, as has acknowledgement that biodiversity conservation should be part of broader economic and political [...]

Shale softening is an important factor affecting fracturing effect. Through the Brinell hardness measurement of deep marine shale reservoir in South Sichuan Basin, the softening mechanism of shale after fracturing is explored. Through laboratory test, the key parameters of shale Brinell hardness measurement are proposed as follows: indenter size 5 mm, loading force 613 N, 1226 N, and 2452 N, and holding time>10 s. It is determined that the content of quartz and clay is the main factor controlling the Brinell hardness of dry shale samples, and the mineral composition, microstructure, and fluid system jointly affect the shale softening process. The results show that (1) the marine shale in the South Sichuan Basin softens obviously, with the Brinell hardness decrease by more than 50%, (2) microfracture propagation and clay hydration expansion accelerate the shale softening process, leading to the decreased porosity and the increased number of micro-pores, and (3) the softening process is different between middeep shale and deep shale, with the latter characterized by high initial hardness and low softening rate.

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by iron metabolic imbalance and lipid peroxidation. Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition. Studies have shown that lipid peroxidation through ferroptosis plays a significant role in the progression of AD. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1 )/coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) signaling axis serves as a crucial regulatory element in the process of lipid peroxidation associated with ferroptosis. This review explores the mechanisms of the FSP1/CoQ10 signaling axis in AD, aiming to present a novel therapeutic approach for AD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundRadioactive oil is one of the organic "difficult wastes" produced by the operation of nuclear power plants.PurposeThis study aims to develop a nuclide separation and treatment technology for radioactive waste oil and explore engineering application.MethodsFirst of all, a set of radioactive oil nuclide separation and purification treatment engineering equipments was developed and applied to obtain test samples collected from one NPP. Then a nuclide separation and purification process based on the oxidative aging method were developed. Finally, the high-purity germanium for nuclide γ spectrometer was employed to measure 58Co, 60Co, 54Mn, 110mAg, 137Cs, 134Cs, 124Sb, 125Sb, 59Fe, 95Zr, 95N, etc., γ nuclides, low background liquid scintillation counter was applied to the measurement of 3H and 14C, and high sensitive automatic liquid scintillation counter was used to measure 55Fe and 63Ni. Total α and total β were obtained by using low background α/β measuring instrument. [Results and Conclusions] The results show that the decontamination coefficient of the oxidative aging process reaches more than 2 orders of magnitude; the radioactive oil treated by the engineering device amounts to the clearance level, hence can be managed as ordinary hazardous waste. The additional dose that may be caused in the process of incineration (including transportation) for the treated radioactive oil is far below the dose limits, which meets the dosage guidelines for reuse, and is in line with waste minimization principles.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/2049-3002-2-13.].

BackgroundLoss of the endosulfatase HSulf-1 is common in ovarian cancer, upregulates heparin binding growth factor signaling and potentiates tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. However, metabolic differences between isogenic cells with and without HSulf-1 have not been characterized upon HSulf-1 suppression in vitro. Since growth factor signaling is closely tied to metabolic alterations, we determined the extent to which HSulf-1 loss affects cancer cell metabolism.ResultsIngenuity pathway analysis of gene expression in HSulf-1 shRNA-silenced cells (Sh1 and Sh2 cells) compared to non-targeted control shRNA cells (NTC cells) and subsequent Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) database analysis showed altered metabolic pathways with changes in the lipid metabolism as one of the major pathways altered inSh1 and 2 cells. Untargeted global metabolomic profiling in these isogenic cell lines identified approximately 338 metabolites using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS platforms. Knockdown of HSulf-1 in OV202 cells induced significant changes in 156 metabolites associated with several metabolic pathways including amino acid, lipids, and nucleotides. Loss of HSulf-1 promoted overall fatty acid synthesis leading to enhance the metabolite levels of long chain, branched, and essential fatty acids along with sphingolipids. Furthermore, HSulf-1 loss induced the expression of lipogenic genes including FASN, SREBF1, PPARγ, and PLA2G3 stimulated lipid droplet accumulation. Conversely, re-expression of HSulf-1 in Sh1 cells reduced the lipid droplet formation. Additionally, HSulf-1 also enhanced CPT1A and fatty acid oxidation and augmented the protein expression of key lipolytic enzymes such as MAGL, DAGLA, HSL, and ASCL1. Overall, these findings suggest that loss of HSulf-1 by concomitantly enhancing fatty acid synthesis and oxidation confers a lipogenic phenotype leading to the metabolic alterations associated with the progression of ovarian cancer.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings demonstrate that loss of HSulf-1 potentially contributes to the metabolic alterations associated with the progression of ovarian pathogenesis, specifically impacting the lipogenic phenotype of ovarian cancer cells that can be therapeutically targeted.

AIM: To observe the effect of icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture (Yin-Huang-Ge mixture, YHG) on cognitive function and ferroptosis amino acid metabolism pathway in hepcidin (HAMP) knockout APPswe/ PS1dE9 (APP/PS1 HAMP-/-) mice. METHODS: The mice were divided into 7 groups: negative control (C57BL/6 mice) group, APP/PS1 group, APP/PS1 HAMP-/- group, APP/PS1+YHG group, APP/PS1 HAMP-/-+YHG group, APP/PS1+de-ferasirox (DFX) group, and APP/PS1 HAMP-/- +DFX group, with 6 mice in each group. The YHG and DFX were administered intragastrically, while the mice in C57 group, APP/PS1 group and APP/PS1 HAMP-/- group were given intragastric administration of distilled water, once a day for 2 months. The iron content in mouse brain tissues was detected by tissue iron kit. The morphological changes of the mitochondria in hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of the mice. The content of neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) in mouse brain tissues was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of glutathione (GSH) in mouse brain tissues was detected by biochemical kit. The expression levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutamatase 2 (GLS2) in mouse brain tissues were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with C57BL/6 mice, the brain iron content of APP/PS1 mice was significantly incr eased (P<0. 01), the mitochondria were seriously damaged, the learning and memory ability was significantly decreased (P<0. 05), the brain neurons were seriously damaged (P<0. 01), and the expression levels of GSH, GCLC and GLS2 were significantly decreased (P<0. 01). Compared with APP/PS1 mice, the brain iron content of APP/PS1 HAMP-/- mice was significantly increased (P<0. 01), the mitochondria were seriously damaged, the learning and memory ability was significantly decreased (P<0. 05), the brain neurons were seriously damaged (P<0. 01), and the expression levels of GSH, GCLC and GLS2 were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). After treatment with YHG and DFX, the brain iron content was significantly decreased (P<0. 01), the mitochondrial damage was alleviated, the learning and memory ability was significantly increased (P<0. 05), the brain neuron damage was alleviated (P<0. 01), and the expression levels of GSH, GCLC and GLS2 were significantly increased (P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: The YHG can improve the cognitive function of APP/PS1 HAMP-/- mice, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of ferroptosis amino acid metabolism and the enhancement of antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]