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Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy, particularly cisplatin, is recommended for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients at high risk of recurrence. EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2) has been recently shown to increase cisplatin resistance and is significantly associated with recurrence in early-stage NSCLC patients. Natural products, commonly used as phytonutrients, are also recognized for their potential as pharmaceutical anticancer agents. Result: In this study, a range of Chinese herbs known for their antitumor or chemotherapy-enhancing properties were evaluated for their ability to inhibit EFHD2 expression in NSCLC cells. Among the herbs tested, Stephania tetrandra (S. tetrandra) exhibited the highest efficacy in inhibiting EFHD2 and sensitizing cells to cisplatin. Through LC-MS identification and functional assays, coclaurine was identified as a key molecule in S. tetrandra responsible for EFHD2 inhibition. Coclaurine not only downregulated EFHD2-related NOX4-ABCC1 signaling and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity, but also suppressed the stemness and metastatic properties of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, coclaurine disrupted the interaction between the transcription factor FOXG1 and the EFHD2 promoter, leading to a reduction in EFHD2 transcription. Silencing FOXG1 further inhibited EFHD2 expression and sensitized NSCLC cells to cisplatin. Conclusions: S. tetrandra and its active compound coclaurine may serve as effective adjuvant therapies to improve cisplatin efficacy in the treatment of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drying and drying rate curves of Lechang taro were studied under different hot air temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 ℃), different hot air rate (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 m/s) and different slice thickness (2, 3, 4, 5 mm). The relationship between water ratio and drying time in the drying process was fitted by the empirical models such as : Logarithmic, Twoterm, Modified page, Henderson and Pabis, WeibullⅠ. The fitting results were judged by the coefficient of determination, residual Sum of squares and reduced Chi-square. The results showed that the moisture ratio (MR) decreasing with drying time and the water ratio changes gradually. The hot-air drying of Lechang taro was mainly in slow-down drying stage. When the hot air temperature was 70 ℃, the drying rate was the fastest and the drying time was the shortest. The drying rate was faster when the hot air rate was 2.0 m/s, which was beneficial to saving energy and reducing consumption. When the slice thickness was 3 mm, the drying rate was faster and the drying time was shorter. WeibullⅠ model could describe the hot-air drying process of taro very well. The coefficients of determination were more than 0.997 91. The residual Sums of squares were less than 0.002 88. The reduced Chi-squares were less than 1.69×10–4.

We take Graph $g={9.8}\ \textrm {m}\ \textrm {s}^{-2}$, Graph $\alpha ={1\times 10^{-4}}\ \textrm {K}^{{-1}}$ (Sohail I et al. i 2018), Graph $L=1\times 10^{7}\ \textrm {m}$, Graph $\varDelta ={10}\ \textrm {K}$, Graph $\kappa ={1\times 10^{-7}}\ \textrm {m}^2\ \textrm {s}^{-1}$ and Graph $\nu =1\times 10^{-6}\ \textrm {m}^2\ \textrm {s}^{-1}$ (Siggers, Kerswell & Balmforth 2004). The normalized height of topography Graph $h/H$ corresponds to Graph $0$, Graph $0.25$, Graph $0.5$ and Graph $0.75$ in figure 3( I a i - I d i ). Furthermore, as shown in figures 5 and 8, both Graph $\phi \tau$ and Graph $Nu$ increase as Graph $\omega$ decreases, and note that Graph $Nu$ is proportional to Graph $G(APE)$. In the current study, Graph $Ra$, Graph $Pr$ and Graph $\varGamma$ are fixed as Graph $Ra=1\times 10^{10}$, Graph $Pr=8.0$ and Graph $\varGamma =0.2$. Because Graph $\phi i$ is small compared with Graph $G(APE)$ for sufficiently large Graph $Ra$ (Peltier & Caulfield 2003; Gayen I et al. i 2013), Graph $\eta '$ asymptotically approaches its upper limit of 1 as Graph $Ra$ increases. [Extracted from the article]

Mutant p53 (mutp53) commonly loses its DNA binding affinity to p53 response elements (p53REs) and fails to induce apoptosis fully. However, the p53 mutation does not predict chemoresistance in all subtypes of breast cancers, and the critical determinants remain to be identified. In this study, mutp53 was found to mediate chemotherapy-induced long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21) expression by targeting the G-quadruplex structure rather than the p53RE on its promoter to promote chemosensitivity. However, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) suppressed mutp53-mediated lincRNA-p21 expression by hijacking mutp53 to upregulate damaged DNA binding protein 2 ( DDB2 ) transcription for subsequent DNA repair and chemoresistance. Levels of lincRNA-p21 positively correlated with the clinical responses of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had an inverse correlation with the ER status and DDB2 level. In contrast, the carboplatin-induced DDB2 expression was higher in ER-positive breast tumor tissues. These results demonstrated that ER status determines the oncogenic function of mutp53 in chemoresistance by switching its target gene preference from lincRNA-p21 to DDB2 and suggest that induction of lincRNA-p21 and targeting DDB2 would be effective strategies to increase the chemosensitivity of mutp53 breast cancer patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2021 The Author(s).)