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The present study explores how international students' (IS; N = 169; M[subscript age] = 19.81 years, 36% male) identity fusion, the extent to which they feel connected with a particular social group, is concurrently and longitudinally correlated with belonging, loneliness, well-being, and perceived social support. IS reported higher fusion with other IS than with domestic students (DS). Fusion with IS at Time 1 (T1) was associated with greater IS support at T1 and Time 2 (T2). Fusion with DS was positively correlated with T1 belonging, well-being, and DS support at both time points, and was negatively linked with loneliness at T1 and T2. IS and DS fusion also interacted in predicting T1 belonging and loneliness. Students with proportionally greater DS than IS fusion reported greater DS support, and proportionally greater IS fusion was related to greater IS support. Discussion centers on promoting adjustment and intergroup relationships in higher education.

Objective To determine the effect of pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) on bone quality in growing rats and evaluate its potential as an anti-osteoporosis drug. Methods A total of 30 1-month-old female SD rats (body weight 107±7 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (Control), 25 mg/(kg·d) PDG treatment group (PDG-25) and 50 mg/(kg·d) PDG treatment group (PDG-50), with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the PDG-25 group and PDG-50 group were given corresponding doses of PDG intragastrically every day, and those of the control group was given equal volume distilled water. Their body mineral density (BMD) of the whole body was measured in 2, 4 and 6 weeks after treatment. In the end of 6 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, and organ coefficients of important organs were calculated. Micro-CT scanning, bone biomechanical test and serum biochemical tests of bone metabolism were performed. Results There were no significant differences in body weight and main organ coefficients among the groups. At 6 weeks, the BMD value was significantly higher in the PDG-25 group and PDG-50 group than the Control group (P < 0.05). The PDG-50 group had significantly higher relative bone volume, trabecular number and volumetric bone mineral density (P < 0.05), lower trabecular separation (P < 0.05) than the Control group, and the bone microstructure of PDG-25 group and PDG-50 group was significantly better than that of Control group. The PDG-50 group had elevated elastic modulus of femur (P < 0.05), larger maximum load of vertebrae (P < 0.05). The PDG-50 group had increased content of serum osteocalcin (P < 0.01), but obviously lower content of serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (P < 0.01), when compared with the Control group. The content of serum osteocalcin in the PDG-25 group was significantly higher than that in the Control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion PDG can effectively improve bone mineral density, optimize bone microstructure, enhance bone strength, promote bone formation, inhibit bone resorption and improve bone quality.

Despite the increase in methodological sophistication and complexity of models being tested for international student adjustment to universities in the United States (U.S.), researchers often do not test or control for salient demographic differences between students, including their educational status (i.e., graduate or undergraduate) and country in which they graduated high school. The current study was designed to examine whether demographic variables are associated with a range of social outcomes. Participants (N = 245) from 23 U.S. colleges and universities completed a survey in Fall 2017. Undergraduate students reported having a higher number of close friends at their institution than did graduate students; however, they also reported a lower sense of belonging than did graduate students. Students who graduated from high school in the United States reported less social support from international students at university. Implications for students and for future research are provided.

Although customer engagement's (CE) effects on marketing-related outcomes are well documented, its broader impacts on life domain constructs (e.g., subjective well-being [SWB]) have received less attention. We propose CE as a viable mechanism for prolonging travel's positive effects on SWB. Specifically, this study adopts a three-wave design to investigate the linkages between destination brand experience (DBE), CE, and SWB over time. Our results indicate that sensory destination experience (t1) and affective destination experience (t1) stimulated CE with a destination (t2), which contributed significantly to SWB (t3). Findings from this longitudinal study contribute to the literature by demonstrating that CE significantly mediates the effects of the sensory and affective dimensions of DBE on tourists' SWB over time. The study highlights the importance of CE beyond key marketing performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of current industry imperatives and growing scholarly attention, this study was conducted to provide a thoroughly updated bibliometric overview of how service innovation research has evolved. A total of 133 papers across 42 hospitality and tourism journals over 18 years (2003–2020) were extracted and analyzed. We first examined the publication outlets and trajectories of service innovation. Next, we applied several state-of-the-art bibliometric techniques, including co-citation and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Based on the results of co-occurrence analysis, we proposed a flowchart of the service innovation process combining organizational and customer perspectives while considering the service design, process, and outcome phases. We then summarized the major findings and limitations of service innovation studies in hospitality and tourism. A series of critical future research directions were presented accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores how international students' (IS; N = 169; M age = 19.81 years, 36% male) identity fusion, the extent to which they feel connected with a particular social group, is concurrently and longitudinally correlated with belonging, loneliness, well-being, and perceived social support. IS reported higher fusion with other IS than with domestic students (DS). Fusion with IS at Time 1 (T1) was associated with greater IS support at T1 and Time 2 (T2). Fusion with DS was positively correlated with T1 belonging, well-being, and DS support at both time points, and was negatively linked with loneliness at T1 and T2. IS and DS fusion also interacted in predicting T1 belonging and loneliness. Students with proportionally greater DS than IS fusion reported greater DS support, and proportionally greater IS fusion was related to greater IS support. Discussion centers on promoting adjustment and intergroup relationships in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]