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Abstract Background Patients at the end-of-life may experience refractory symptoms of which pain, delirium, vomiting and dyspnea are the most frequent. Palliative sedation can be considered a last resort option to alleviate one or more refractory symptoms. There are only a limited number of (qualitative) studies exploring the experiences of relatives of sedated patients and their health care professionals (HCPs). The aims of this study protocol are: 1) to elicit the experiences of bereaved relatives and health care professionals of patients treated with palliative sedation and 2) to explore the understanding of the decision-making process to start palliative sedation across care settings in 5 European countries. Methods This study protocol is part of the larger HORIZON 2020 Palliative Sedation project. Organisational case study methodology will be used to guide the study design. In total, 50 cases will be conducted in five European countries (10 per country). A case involves a semi-structured interview with a relative and an HCP closely involved in the care of a deceased patient who received some type of palliative sedation at the end-of-life. Relatives and health care professionals of deceased patients participating in a linked observational cohort study of sedated patients cared for in hospital wards, palliative care units and hospices will be recruited. The data will be analyzed using a framework analysis approach. The first full case will be analyzed by all researchers after being translated into English using a pre-prepared code book. Afterwards, bimonthly meetings will be organized to coordinate the data analysis. Discussion The study aims to have a better understanding of the experiences of relatives and professional caregivers regarding palliative sedation and this within different settings and countries. Some limitations are: 1) the sensitivity of the topic may deter some relatives from participation, 2) since the data collection and analysis will be performed by at least 5 different researchers in 5 countries, some differences may occur which possibly makes it difficult to compare cases, but using a rigorous methodology will minimize this risk.

Background: Patients at the end-of-life may experience refractory symptoms of which pain, delirium, vomiting and dyspnea are the most frequent. Palliative sedation can be considered a last resort option to alleviate one or more refractory symptoms. There are only a limited number of (qualitative) studies exploring the experiences of relatives of sedated patients and their health care professionals (HCPs). The aims of this study protocol are: 1) to elicit the experiences of bereaved relatives and health care professionals of patients treated with palliative sedation and 2) to explore the understanding of the decision-making process to start palliative sedation across care settings in 5 European countries. Methods: This study protocol is part of the larger HORIZON 2020 Palliative Sedation project. Organisational case study methodology will be used to guide the study design. In total, 50 cases will be conducted in five European countries (10 per country). A case involves a semi-structured interview with a relative and an HCP closely involved in the care of a deceased patient who received some type of palliative sedation at the end-of-life. Relatives and health care professionals of deceased patients participating in a linked observational cohort study of sedated patients cared for in hospital wards, palliative care units and hospices will be recruited. The data will be analyzed using a framework analysis approach. The first full case will be analyzed by all researchers after being translated into English using a pre-prepared code book. Afterwards, bimonthly meetings will be organized to coordinate the data analysis. Discussion: The study aims to have a better understanding of the experiences of relatives and professional caregivers regarding palliative sedation and this within different settings and countries. Some limitations are: 1) the sensitivity of the topic may deter some relatives from participation, 2) since the data collection and analysis will be performed by at least 5 different researchers in 5 countries, some differences may occur which possibly makes it difficult to compare cases, but using a rigorous methodology will minimize this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of health education on prevention of low back pain for health caregivers and cleaning workers. Background: Low back pain is a common health problem in the workplace. Health education is important in the prevention and recurrence of low back pain. Methods: A quasi‐experimental design with a pre‐test and post‐test control group was used. The population of the study consisted of health caregivers and cleaning workers working in a university hospital in Turkey. A total of 120 participants, 60 in the intervention group and 60 in the control group, were included in the study. Data were collected between October 2016 and April 2017. A questionnaire, the Oswestry Low Back Pain Scale and the Knowledge Evaluation Form were used to collect data. Health education was given to the intervention group. Results: Following the health education, the mean scores of the Oswestry Low Back Pain Scale in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group and had a larger effect size. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of health education in the prevention of low back pain in health caregivers and cleaning workers. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Low back pain is an important public health problem and causes loss of labour, long diagnostic and therapeutic processes and consequently high costs.Health caregivers or cleaning workers are at high risk for developing low back pain due to heavy working conditions.Health education could be used in the prevention of low back pain and its recurrence. What this paper adds? This study reveals that health education for low back pain may be effective in increasing knowledge about prevention and reduction of low back pain in health caregivers and cleaning workers.This is the first study that investigates the impact of health education on low back pain in health caregivers or cleaning workers. The implications of this paper: The findings of the current study indicate that nurses as educators and counsellors have remarkable impacts on preventing low back pain in health caregivers and cleaning workers.Nurses should consider individual risk factors when planning health education to prevent low back pain in health caregivers and cleaning workers.Health education should be organized periodically to prevent low back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the health experts and professionals' education program in order to become multiprofessionals regarding health system transformation plan by a descriptive and educational evaluation method based on the context, input, process, and product (CIPP) evaluation model in 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The statistical population included managers and experts of health deputy (13 people), managers and authorities in health networks (32 people), teachers (251 people), and learners (1914 people). Data were collected by four researcher-made questionnaires based on the CIPP model and evaluation checklist of facilities and equipment. The view of experts was used to measure the face validity and content validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine reliability. Data were entered into SPSS 23 software, and data were provided using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation). RESULTS: The evaluation indicators of the educational course in the field of context were evaluated desirable by province's managers and experts (95% questions), city managers (100% questions), teachers (95% questions), and health caregivers (80% questions). In the field of input, it was evaluated desirable by managers and experts' input of province (60% questions) and city managers (70% questions) and it was evaluated semi-desirable by teachers (78.95% questions) and health caregivers (88.24% questions). In the field of process, it was evaluated desirable by province's managers and experts (73.68% questions) and city managers (66.67% questions) and it was evaluated semi-desirable by teachers (66.67% questions) and health caregivers (94.4% questions). In the field of product, it was evaluated semi-desirable by managers and experts of province (63.63% questions), teachers (81.81% questions), and health caregivers (100% questions) and it was evaluated desirable by city managers (72.72% questions). CONCLUSION: Holding initial service education course of health caregivers has been necessary, and the public health, family, and midwifery disciplines needed to be educated in a university appropriate to the description of tasks of health caregivers.

Objective: Neonatal mortality has remained steady or increased in many developing countries. A pragmatic approach to the organization of the delivery room setting, where a large part of neonatal deaths occurs, could detect the priorities for potential ameliorative interventions. We evaluated the local health caregivers' opinions regarding the priority areas for improving the hospital delivery room setting in developing countries. Methods: Twenty-eight participants to a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop were asked to fill out an anonymous, written questionnaire regarding the priorities that could significantly improve their hospital delivery room setting. Results: The three most important interventions for improving the delivery room setting were classified as following: education of all staff in newborn care (28%), optimize doctor–nurse/patient ratio (15%), equipment (14%), maternal-antenatal care (13%), role and responsibilities (8%), salary (8%), neonatal intensive care unit facilities (6%), availability of a specialized team for neonatal resuscitation (5%) and improve the building (3%). Conclusion: Education of health staff in newborn care, personnel organization and equipment availability are valued as high priorities by local health caregivers for improving the delivery room setting in developing countries. The opinion of operators involved in maternal and neonatal health may contribute to better design interventions in setting with limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Responsibility of individuals in adapting to life events depends on the intertwined cooperation of intellectual and emotional capacities, and a person's success in life depends on his emotional responses. Given that health-care providers are at the forefront of providing health services, they need to improve their job performance with better control of their emotions and better social relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence, social responsibility, and job performance in health-care providers and caregivers., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was performed on 270 health workers working in the western cities of Isfahan province in the first quarter of 1998 by random classification sampling method. To collect information, two questionnaires of Bradbury emotional intelligence, responsibility, social responsibility, whose validity and reliability had been proven in previous studies, and job performance scores of the samples were used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive tests and Pearson correlation., Results: The participants were 270 health workers and caregivers with a mean age of 34.54 ± 7.26. 87.5% of the samples were female and 21.5% were male. The mean score of social responsibility was 124.95 ± 10.41, the mean score of emotional intelligence was 125.58 ± 15.86, and the mean score of job performance was 86.91 ± 9.0.18. The results of Pearson correlation showed that all four components of social responsibility and total emotional intelligence have a significant correlation at the level of 0.01. Total emotional intelligence and each of its components did not show a significant correlation with job performance. Between social responsibility and job performance of health workers, only the moral component significantly predicts job performance ( r = 0.133 and P = 0.026)., Conclusion: Although the results of the study showed that the job performance, social responsibility, and emotional intelligence of the study group were desirable, the score of some components of social responsibility and emotional intelligence is lower than their maximum score. In addition, according to the results of the study that showed the relationship between emotional intelligence and social responsibility and some of their components with job performance, improving the knowledge and skills of health-care providers and caregivers in the field of social responsibility and emotional intelligence and their components seems necessary., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)