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Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of the utilization of medical assistance policy resources by difficult groups with chronic diseases and economic difficulties in urban villages, analyze the existing problems, and propose corresponding strategies to promote precision management of diseases for vulnerable groups and facilitate health poverty alleviation in the new era. Methods Firstly, using a questionnaire survey, two out of four urban village streets in a certain district of Chengdu were randomly selected to investigate the existing problems in the utilization of medical assistance by difficult groups. Secondly, telephone interviews were conducted to analyze the reasons for not utilizing medical assistance even though meeting the conditions, and countermeasures were proposed. Results Difficult groups utilized the policy of subsidizing and participating in insurance the best, while the utilization of outpatient, inpatient, and supplementary medical assistance policies was the worst. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed tliat having more than three comorbidities (O7=0.134) was a risk factor for assistance utilization. Having disabilities (OR=2.625), higher educational level (OR =3.500), and higher average monthly medical expenses (OR =4.148) were protective factors for utilization of assistance. The follow-up results indicated that factors such as patientsJ lack of policy awareness, misunderstandings about policies, not seeking treatment at designated hospitals, some Chinese medicine not being reimbursed, and complex application procedures were the main causes leading to their non-utilization of policies. Conclusion Difficult groups with diseases utilize well the government assistance policies obtained through direct help, but the utilization of policies requiring proactive application is poor. The characteristics of patientsJ own diseases, inadequate explanation of policies, high reimbursement thresholds, and limited reimbursement scope are the main reasons for difficult groups not applying for medical assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health poverty alleviation is an effective tool for improving the living quality and developmental conditions of impoverished populations. Since 1978, China has been actively implementing health poverty alleviation projects, resulting in a more robust rural healthcare service network and increased convenience for the local population to access medical treatment. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that China still faces a complex situation with the simultaneous existence of multiple disease threats and the interweaving of various health influencing factors. Ongoing risks of emerging infectious diseases persist, and some previously controlled or eliminated infectious diseases are at risk of resurgence. The incidence of chronic diseases is on the rise and exhibits a trend toward affecting younger populations. Therefore, examining the successful experiences of China's health poverty alleviation over the past 40 years becomes a critically important issue. The study focuses on China's health poverty alleviation policies, employing historical institutionalism as a theoretical perspective to analyze the historical changes and evolutionary logic of health poverty alleviation policies. A historical institutionalist analytical framework for health poverty alleviation policies is constructed. The research findings reveal that China's health poverty alleviation policy has undergone three distinct periods since 1978: the initial phase (1978–2000), the exploratory phase (2000–2012), and the stable development phase (2013–present). At the macro level, the political, economic, and social contexts of different periods have influenced the evolution of health poverty alleviation policies. On the meso level, coordination effects and adaptive expectations have had an impact on China's health poverty alleviation policy. At the micro level, various actors, including the central government, local governments at different levels, social forces, and impoverished communities, interact during the evolution of health poverty alleviation policies. This paper summarizes the theoretical aspects of China's health poverty alleviation policy experience. The research conclusions, viewed through the lens of historical institutionalism, offer practical insights into the evolution of government policies. This provides directional guidance for enhancing health poverty alleviation projects.

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of disability and the situation of long-term care of the disabled among poor elderly in China. MethodsThe information up to December 31, 2020 on 11.4955 million poor residents aged 60 years and over in 25 provincial-level administrative divisions across China were extracted from the National Health Poverty Alleviation Dynamic Management System. The Self-Care Ability Scale for the Elderly in the National Basic Public Health Service Specification – 3rd Edition was adopted to assess disability of the poor elderly. The prevalence of disability and long-term care of the disabled among the poor elderly were analyzed. ResultsOf all poor elderly (50.17% males aged 72.72 years averagely and 49.83% females with a mean age of 73.66 years), 6.50% were assessed as having different degrees of disability; the proportion of disability was 5.97% in the males and 7.03% in the females. Among the poor elderly, the proportion of disability increased with the age; the proportion was 4.08%, 6.20%, 11.78%, 21.88%, and 30.57% for the poor elderly aged 60 – 69, 70 – 79, 80 – 89, 90 – 99, and ≥ 100 years, respectively. Among the poor disabled elderly, 18.70% were living alone and 70.90% were under home-based care. Conclusion Among the poor elderly in China, the disability prevalence increased with age; for the disabled poor elderly, the proportion of living alone was high and the majority had home-based care, indicating that the burden of long-term care of the disabled poor elderly was heavy and home-based care of the elderly needs to be improved.

Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder where the only effective treatment is factor replacement therapy. The main contradiction of hemophilia in China is the contradiction between the increasing demand for quality of life of hemophilia patients and insufficient medical insurance, medical treatment and medicine. Expensive treatment costs are the main reason for patients to 'be impoverished due to illness' and 'return to poverty due to illness'. This article analyzes the current status of the hemophilia aid system through the existing literature data and existing patient aid projects. Cooperation of social insurance, social relief and high-quality medical services is critical to a complete hemophilia comprehensive medical aid system, so that hemophilia patients can receive standardized diagnosis and treatment, and try to achieve the close quality of life as normal.

Health poverty alleviation is a vital project for people’s livelihood in China，so it is essential to pay attention to the achievement and influencing factors of health poverty alleviation in the general environment. Based on six CFPS data from 2010 to 2020，this study first analyzed the prevalence of chronic diseases among the middle ⁃ aged poverty population of China. Subsequently，this study analyzed the self ⁃ rated health of the middle⁃aged poverty group and its influencing factors in 2020 CFPS data under social⁃ecological system theory. The results showed that the micro⁃level influencing factors were the habit of lunch breaks，positive emotions and higher educational background. The meso⁃level influencing factors were the poor medical treatment level and the well ⁃ trust in doctors. The macro ⁃ level influencing factors revealed that the absence of employment problems significantly positively affects the self ⁃ rated health of the middle ⁃ aged poverty group. Therefore，this study suggests constructing the logic of health ⁃based poverty alleviation from three aspects：individual participation， social support and policy improvement，emphasizing the synergistic and diversified treatment for health poverty alleviation of middle⁃aged poverty group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigates the impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) on rural households to escape poverty. We employ the instrumental variable method, the IVProbit model, to analyze the national data from the rural-resident field survey by the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2016. Based on the large-scale data, we found that, first, the hospitalization of family members is the key factor in increasing the risk of the family falling into poverty. The NRCMS has significantly reduced the likely risk of falling into poverty. Second, the impact of the NRCMS on poverty alleviation varies among groups with different levels of income. There is no impact on the upper-middle and high-income groups; in contrast, the NRCMS has substantially improved the capacity of low-income rural families to prevent poverty due to illness, especially for the lower-middle-income group. Third, there exist significant regional differences in the impact of NRCMS on the health poverty alleviation of rural households in China. The NRCMS has successfully reduced the risk of rural households in the western region falling into poverty, simultaneously, no significant impact on those in the eastern and central regions. In order to diminish and eliminate poverty eventually and boost rural residents’ capacity for income acquisition, we propose the following: raise the actual compensation ratio of the NRCMS, control the rising expense of NRCMS by promoting the payment method reform, construct the comprehensive healthcare system in the western region, strengthen the medical security for the poor in remote area, and enhance the living environment for rural residents.

Abstract Background In light of the health poverty alleviation policy, we explore whether the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS) has effectively reduced the economic burden of medical expenses on rural middle-aged and elderly people and other impoverished vulnerable groups. The study aims to provide evidence that can be used to improve the medical insurance system. Methods Data were obtained from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The method of calculating the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and impoverishment by medical expense (IME) was adopted from the World Health Organization (WHO). The treatment effect model was used to identify the determinants of CHE for rural middle-aged and elderly people. Results The incidence of CHE in rural China for middle-aged and elderly people is 21.8%, and the IME is 8.0%. The households that had enrolled in the NRCMS suffered higher CHE (21.9%) and IME (8.0%), than those that had not enrolled (CHE: 20.6% and IME: 7.7%). The NRCMS did not provide sufficient economic protection from CHE for households with three or more chronic diseases, inpatients, or households with members aged over 65 years. Key risk factors for the CHE included education levels, households with inpatients, households with members aged over 65 years, and households with disabilities. Conclusions Although the NRCMS has reduced barriers to the usage of household health services by reducing people’s out-of-pocket payments, it has not effectively reduced the risk of these households falling into poverty. Our research identifies the characteristics of vulnerable groups that the NRCMS does not provide enough support for, and which puts them at a greater risk of falling into poverty due to health impoverishment.

Health poverty alleviation is an effective tool for improving the living quality and developmental conditions of impoverished populations. Since 1978, China has been actively implementing health poverty alleviation projects, resulting in a more robust rural healthcare service network and increased convenience for the local population to access medical treatment. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that China still faces a complex situation with the simultaneous existence of multiple disease threats and the interweaving of various health influencing factors. Ongoing risks of emerging infectious diseases persist, and some previously controlled or eliminated infectious diseases are at risk of resurgence. The incidence of chronic diseases is on the rise and exhibits a trend toward affecting younger populations. Therefore, examining the successful experiences of China's health poverty alleviation over the past 40 years becomes a critically important issue. The study focuses on China's health poverty alleviation policies, employing historical institutionalism as a theoretical perspective to analyze the historical changes and evolutionary logic of health poverty alleviation policies. A historical institutionalist analytical framework for health poverty alleviation policies is constructed. The research findings reveal that China's health poverty alleviation policy has undergone three distinct periods since 1978: the initial phase (1978-2000), the exploratory phase (2000-2012), and the stable development phase (2013-present). At the macro level, the political, economic, and social contexts of different periods have influenced the evolution of health poverty alleviation policies. On the meso level, coordination effects and adaptive expectations have had an impact on China's health poverty alleviation policy. At the micro level, various actors, including the central government, local governments at different levels, social forces, and impoverished communities, interact during the evolution of health poverty alleviation policies. This paper summarizes the theoretical aspects of China's health poverty alleviation policy experience. The research conclusions, viewed through the lens of historical institutionalism, offer practical insights into the evolution of government policies. This provides directional guidance for enhancing health poverty alleviation projects., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xu, You, Cui and You.)

Carrying out health poverty alleviation and ensuring the security of basic medic care for the poor are important contents for China to implement the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and win the battle to get rid of poverty. Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province is a national poor county integrating "nationality, poverty, mountainous area and old revolutionary base area". In recent years, based on the actual situation, Xundian County has explored an effective way of healtli poverty alleviation. It has effectively prevented the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness, and effectively ensured that Xundian County has successfully achieved the goal of getting rid of poverty. Xundian County finally got rid of the shadow of "poverty" for more than 30 year to become one of the first batch of counties in Yunnan Province to get rid of poverty. This paper makes great efforts to analyze and summarize the specific methods, main achievements, successful experience, lessons and reference about health poverty alleviation in Xundian County. At the same time, it also studies and analyzes the main problems existing in the model, and puts forward the corresponding measures and suggestions, in order to provide a reference for health poverty alleviation in other poor areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China’s National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pointed out that all the more than 50 million rural poverty under China's current poverty line will be lifted out of poverty by 2020. Health poverty alleviation plays an important role in population development and anti-poverty in poverty-stricken areas. Based on the special survey data of 2017-2018, this paper analyzes the health status, multi-dimensional poverty and the implementation of health poverty alleviation policies in Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang. The results show that multidimensional poverty generally exist in rural households in the three provinces. Health statuses of the poverty-stricken households were poor, and the incidence of multidimensional poverty is high. The health infrastructure in Xinjiang is the worst. China's health poverty alleviation project has taken effect, but the multidimensional of poverty brings new challenges to health poverty alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]