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An archaeological watching brief was carried out during groundwork for two new crossings (a road bridge and a foot bridge) on the East Suffolk Railway line, associated with the Henley Gate development. Two strip areas were observed on the south side. The natural deposit was overlaid by recent ploughsoil, approximately 0.30m thick. No archaeological deposits or features were identified, and no finds were recovered.

Three adjacent areas in the south of the site (with a combined area of 0.44ha) were excavated, targeting the significant results of previous evaluation fieldwork. Single sherds of Middle Bronze Age and Late Iron Age pottery (possibly residual) from two small pits, and some residual flint flakes provided the only evidence for prehistoric activity within the excavated areas. Roman occupation of the site occurred during the first century AD but is unlikely to have continued beyond c. AD 70/80. Part of a large, partially ditched enclosure was investigated. The enclosing ditch was substantial, surviving up to 4.5m wide by 1m deep, but appeared to have been backfilled deliberately after a relatively short period of use. Within the enclosure, some shallow gullies and a scatter of small pits suggested limited activity, although there was no evidence for buildings or structures. Outside the enclosure, ditches might have defined part of a track/droveway, or an irregular field system, while the only evidence for associated activity was a possible refuse pit and a small cooking pit. Part of a short-lived medieval farmstead/settlement, extending beyond the boundaries of the current site to the east and south, was represented by a sequence of intercutting ditches and scatters of small pits and possible postholes, dated by pottery to the 12th- to early 13th century. The evidence suggests a shifting pattern of enclosures or field boundaries, with occupation nearby but no definite indication of buildings/structures within the excavated areas. Late medieval and post-medieval agricultural land use was represented mainly by some field boundary ditches and a former track (part of Butcher's Lane) running along the southern boundary of the site.

A trial-trench evaluation and subsequent small excavation were carried out in advance of a housing development. Archaeological features and deposits of prehistoric to modern date were identified in ten trenches and in the excavation area. A small assemblage of flint debitage was recovered from an accumulation of soil in a natural depression. The flint ranges in date from the Neolithic to the later prehistoric period. Lesser amounts of struck/worked flint (included a core, a blade and a bladelet of probable Mesolithic/Early Neolithic date) came from the ploughsoil and as residual finds in post-medieval features. Two small pits (or possible natural features) each produced a single undiagnostic flint flake, both of which were poorly stratified surface finds. Post-medieval features consisted of a ditch (corresponding to a field boundary shown on early 19th-century maps), and an infilled gravel pit. Five small pits were either modern or undated.

Three evaluation trenches were excavated within this site adjacent to Roman Stane Street (former A120). No archaeological deposits or features were identified, and no artefacts were recovered.

Six trial trenches were investigated within the c. 2600 sq m site. Archaeological deposits and features of 19th- and 20th-century date were identified in all six trenches excavated. They included agricultural/horticultural and garden soil horizons, part of the brick foundation of a 19th-century greenhouse or hothouse, the slight remains of a brick-built garden path, a cobbled yard surface, a large pit or tree hole, some smaller pits or postholes and a sewer pipe. Modern deposits related principally to ground raising, levelling and surfacing associated with the construction of a car park in the late 20th and early 21st century. An undated ditch, running close to and parallel with Springfield Road, and three undated small pits/postholes in the same area of the site, provided the only possible evidence for land use prior to the post-medieval period.

55 trial trenches were excavated across the 11.8ha site. The earliest occupation of the site took place in the Early Neolithic period. It was represented by two small pits or postholes containing small but coherent assemblages of characteristic pottery of the Plain Bowl tradition, in association with flint-knapping waste representative of a blade-based industry. Substantial ditches defined two sides of a possible Bronze Age rectangular enclosure, dated only by a small pottery assemblage. The remains of that enclosure probably formed the basis for a rectilinear ditched field/enclosure system, in the Roman period. The associated Roman finds assemblage is relatively small, and does not suggest intensive occupation on or close to the site. An absence of confirmed evidence for Anglo-Saxon and medieval activity on the site suggests that the area was heathland during those periods, being taken into cultivation during the post-medieval period. A scatter of undated shallow pits, with charcoal-rich fills and scorched bases, might provide evidence for small-scale charcoal production on the heath, unless the pits were contemporary with earlier periods of land use. During the Second World War, western and southern areas of the site formed part of the Horsham St Faith airfield. Slight remains of an aircraft dispersal pan and taxiways, probable service trenches and a bomb crater formed the principal evidence for that period of the site's history.

Slight evidence for prehistoric activity includes an unstratified flint dagger (Early Bronze Age), an un-urned cremation (Middle Bronze Age) and a stone-lined hearth (Early Iron Age). There were three distinct phases of Roman activity. The earliest phase (AD 43-120) was represented by a curvilinear boundary ditch, or possible sunken track-way, enclosing a large open area containing four pits. A significant change of land use occurred c. AD 120 when a rectilinear field system was laid out. A large number of pits, mostly shallow and undated, provide inconclusive evidence for associated activity. In the later 2nd century the field system was overlaid by two rectangular ditched enclosures, which retained the alignments of earlier boundaries. A localised area of dense pitting with increased finds deposition in the south-east corner of the larger enclosure suggests occupation in an area of the site that had previously been in agricultural use. No Roman buildings or structures were found, but a large assemblage of domestic pottery, with some CBM and fired clay (including structural daub) suggest that there was a settlement close to the excavated area. Roman occupation of the site ceased in the early 3rd century. Agricultural land use from the late medieval period until the present day (as part of the Elmstead Hall estate), was demonstrated by field boundary ditches and animal burials. One of the cattle burials was radiocarbon dated to the earlier 15th century.

Archaeological monitoring was carried out during construction of a new two-storey teaching block, associated car parking areas and access routes. Previous geophysical survey and trial-trenching of this c.1.5ha site recorded a low incidence of potential archaeological remains, but did not identify features clearly relating to either the Lexden Dyke that forms the southern boundary of the school site or to the course of the Heath Farm Dyke projected to cross the development area. The monitoring, primarily focusing on the excavation of service trenches, attenuation tanks and ground reduction along a new access road route, did not identify any archaeological remains relating to either the Lexden Dyke or Heath Farm Dyke, or encountered any Late Iron features possibly associated with them. All encountered remains were either boundary ditches of certain or probable post-medieval/modern date, or else were undated features of uncertain type. One ditch, a field boundary shown on OS maps up until the 1950s, was a further part of that recorded during the evaluation. The site had been disturbed to some extent by the insertion of a substantial service trench in the modern period, perhaps at the time of the school's construction. A second phase of monitoring, of a new Multi-Use Games Area (MUGA) to the north of the new teaching block, revealed a straightforward sequence of topsoil and former ploughsoil over natural sand and gravel. Two undated features, one of which was a small ditch, were recorded at the west end of the MUGA.

An archaeological watching brief was carried out during groundwork for a small extension at Spencer Fell House, Great Wenham. It revealed a straightforward sequence of glacial till sealed by recent deposits of 'made-ground' and turf. The only archaeological feature was a truncated timber post, probably associated with the late medieval/post-medieval cottage that formerly occupied the site of the current building.

The evaluation of the 11ha site recorded archaeological remains within twenty-two of the fifty-six trenches investigated. These comprise a low density and low complexity of ditches and pits scattered across the site, with concentrations of remains found in the central and eastern parts of the site but with little spatial patterning evident for most. Prehistoric flintwork and pottery are suggestive of a prehistoric presence at the site, which correlates to other small-scale occupation evidence and isolated artefacts found within the vicinity of the site. A number of undated pits were interpreted as possible hearths/cooking pits. Although undated, the recovery of fired clay and fire-cracked flint may provide further evidence of prehistoric occupation at the site. The remains of a medieval refuse pit are indicative of settlement occupation within the vicinity of the site, although no direct evidence for buildings was encountered. The recording of post-medieval ditches that directly correspond with those depicted on early and mid 19th-century maps demonstrates the agricultural land use of the site during this period.

London Archaeologist, 6 (5), 126-131

Objectives The objective of this study was to identify medicines that contribute to falls and assess whether review led to deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medication in elderly falls patients Methods Admissions data for elderly patients was examined to identify those whose presenting complaint included a fall. Medication lists were obtained from these patients and inpatient prescribing checked. Patients were followed up until discharge to determine when any medication review took place and whether or not their prescriptions changed as a result. In particular falls-risk medicines were identified from the admission lists, compared to discharge prescriptions and deprescribing detail obtained. Results One or more falls-risk associated medicine was found in 65% of patients aged 70 years and older, admitted following a fall. The mean number of regular medicines on admission was 6.8 per patient and problematic polypharmacy was found in 57%. Medicines review was carried out in 86% of patients and 8.5% of admission medicines were deprescribed. Pharmacist involvement in medicines review led to a significant reduction of falls risk medicines (0.53 per patient, p=0.002) Conclusion Inappropriate prescribing and polypharmacy are found frequently in elderly patients at admission following a fall. Comprehensive medicines reviews should be carried out in all such patients with the objective of deprescribing or reducing doses to minimise risk of harm. Involvement of

The published drift geology is glacial till (diamicton) covered, in the southern half and along the western boundary of the site, by glaciofluvial deposits of sand and gravel. Deposits of more recent Head (clay, silt, sand and gravel) overlie the glaciofluvial deposits along the western edge of the site. A large (c. 60m wide) sub rectangular ditched enclosure, revealed previously by cropmarks in the southern part of the site, was shown by excavation to be of Iron Age date. Dense concentrations of pits and postholes, both inside and outside the enclosed area, suggest an extensive settlement with probable Early Iron Age origins, continuing into the Late Iron Age/early Roman transitional period. Cropmarks of an adjoining oval enclosure ditch were only partly confirmed by excavation and were undated, but are likely to have been associated with the Iron Age settlement. A linear ditch in the western part of the site was probably of Early to Middle Iron Age date. It might have been part of another enclosure or the drainage ditch alongside a track or drove-way leading to the nearby settlement. Apart from some stray finds there was nothing to suggest that occupation of the site continued into the fully Romanised period. Similarly there was no evidence for medieval activity other that a small amount of pottery in the fill of a pond in the northern part of the site. Post-medieval and modern features included field boundary ditches and a First World War practice trench. Forty-seven evaluation trenches were excavated which uncovered an Iron Age enclosure ditch, corresponding to previously recorded cropmarks, and dense concentrations of pits and postholes, both inside and out of the enclosure. Post-medieval field boundary ditches and a First World War practice trench were also located.

A moderate assemblage of worked flints, mostly undiagnostic and with a broad date range, demonstrates activity in the vicinity of the site during the Mesolithic to Early Bronze Age periods. The prehistoric flints mostly occurred as residual finds in later deposits. A small amount of probable earlier Iron Age pottery, also residual, provides further evidence for prehistoric activity in the area. The evaluation revealed significant evidence for occupation in the Roman period. Roman pottery, ranging in date from the 1st- to 4th century AD, was recovered from fills of a ring ditch associated with a suspected Bronze Age barrow FRK 008. This suggests either that the monument was constructed in the Roman period or that a prehistoric barrow was re-used at that time. Roman features, notably pits and ditches and some possible postholes, were found throughout the site but were concentrated in central and eastern areas, suggesting a settlement in the vicinity of the ring ditch/barrow. Fragments of roof tile from several of these features suggest that there was one or more substantial buildings nearby, although no in situ building remains were found. A north-south ditch in the western part of the site produced 3rd-century Roman pottery and a coin of AD 275-285. This was probably part of an extensive, rectilinear ditch suggested by the geophysical survey, forming a large enclosure associated with the Roman settlement.

The site was on undulating land in an area of mostly heavy clay soils derived from the underlying Lowestoft Till. A localised deposit of glacial sand and gravel forms a distinct knoll at the east end of the site. A probable Later Bronze Age un-urned cremation was found on relatively high ground overlooking a valley to the north of the site. Several foci of Early/Middle Iron Age occupation were found across the area of the site. A significant result of the fieldwork was the confirmation of a ditched enclosure (suggested by the preceding geophysical survey) on the knoll at the east end of the site. This is dated provisionally to the Early/Middle Iron Age, with activity in this area continuing into the Late Iron Age/early Roman period. A large pit or ditch produced Ipswich ware pottery and associated refuse, suggesting Middle Saxon occupation in the immediate vicinity. A medieval occupation site was found in the western part of the site, close to modern Henley Road. Part of a cobbled surface (a floor, yard or track) and a possible beaten earth floor or external surface are dated by pottery to the 12th- or early 13th century. A small clay extraction pit nearby contained pottery of the same date. There was no evidence for continued occupation of the site in the later medieval period. Some post-medieval ditches represented field boundaries that were backfilled following the construction of what is now the East Suffolk railway line in the 1850s.