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Cardiac hemangioma is a rare, benign vascular primary tumor. Clinical presentation is either asymptomatic or with symptoms due to its location and spatial interaction with adjacent structures. The authors present a case of right cardiac hemangioma whose clinical diagnosis was triggered by symptoms of anasarca status, hepatic damage with ascites, pleural effusion and right heart failure. The 79 years-old patient has been treated with complete resection of the tumor by means of cardiopulmonary bypass, without complications. The mid-term outcome (12 months) was favorable. The aim of this study is to report a case of cardiac hemangioma with relevant dimensions, in a rare location (tricuspid valve) with acute onset and interesting aspects of clinical presentation., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Cardiac tumours are often an incidental finding; when they do cause symptoms, they can be systemic (pyrexia and fatigue), cardiac (arrhythmia, chest pain and obstructive) or embolic (stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE) and peripheral embolism). Different cardiac tumours have a higher prevalence in children when compared with adults, and each type of tumour has a predisposition for specific aspects of the heart. With current imaging modalities, it is possible to identify the location, haemodynamic impact and tissue characteristics of tumours, which can help diagnose the type of lesion and guide further management. This case is of an atypical appearance of a right ventricular mass, which was found incidentally following presentation with PE. The patient underwent successful surgical resection of the mass, which was identified as a myxoma. The patient is on imaging surveillance to monitor for recurrence. The case demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of different imaging modalities, highlighting the importance of a multimodality approach to guide a diagnosis., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Cardiac lipoma, a seldom-encountered benign tumor positioned beneath the endocardium, has the potential to impair electrophysiological functions. Diagnosis is principally based on imaging modalities. The uniqueness of this case lies in the tumor's extension both internally and externally within the right atrium, rendering it of special interest. From a clinical standpoint, surgical removal is commonly advocated, wherein early intervention is pivotal in improving patients' long-term prognoses., Case Presentation: A 35-year-old male was admitted to the hospital for treatment subsequent to the identification of a cardiac mass two days prior. Initial diagnostic assessments, encompassing CT scans and echocardiography, identified a space-occupying lesion within the heart. The patient underwent surgical excision of the cardiac tumor, utilizing mild hypothermic extracorporeal circulation via femoral vessel access. Intraoperative findings revealed adipose-like tissue of a "dumbbell-shaped" configuration situated both within and external to the right atrium, measuring approximately 8 cm*9 cm internally and 7 cm*6 cm externally, with the extracardiac mass being marginally larger. Postoperative pathological analysis confirmed a cardiac lipoma diagnosis. A follow-up echocardiogram conducted three months post-surgery exhibited no notable abnormalities. The patient is under continuous observation to monitor for any recurrence or potential long-term complications., Conclusion: In this case report, we detail with precision a rare cardiac pathology manifested by an expansive infiltrative lipoma that pervades the endocardial and epicardial layers of the right atrium. After thorough preoperative diagnostic workup and evaluation, we contend that surgical intervention represents the optimal therapeutic approach for managing such conditions, with the goal of preemptively reducing the likelihood of cardiac compression or intracardiac obstruction., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Among cardiac tumors, angiosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy, with a relatively higher prevalence in young male adults and a weak dominance in the right atrium as a primary site of growth. It is characterized by rapid infiltration of cardiac structures and possible metastasis to mediastinal and distant organs. The patient may be asymptomatic until advanced phases. It therefore has a poor prognosis. Diagnosis requires the use of multimodality imaging, including echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. The definitive diagnosis is based on histological examination. We report the case of a young male adult who was referred to the cardiology department for a syncopal event 5 h after cocaine assumption. During the diagnostic work-up, a chest X-ray was performed, showing multiple pulmonary lesions, which were evaluated with a chest CT highlighting the presence of a cardiac mass in the right atrium and ventricle. For this reason, a complete cardiological evaluation was performed. The clinical and instrumental suspicion of a malignant cardiac tumor was confirmed by multimodality imaging and finally by histological examination.

Calcifying fibrous tumors are rare benign fibrous tumors that rarely occur in the heart. We report a 33-year-old woman who was found to have a benign pericardial tumor on health checkup, which was highly suspected to be a teratoma in clinical and imaging examination. After cardiac tumor resection, histopathological features showed scattered foci of psammoma bodies or calcification among collagenized fibrous connective tissues and foci of inflammatory cell infiltration in the interstitium. The pathological diagnosis was a calcifying fibrous tumor., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Benign cardiac neoplasms are relatively uncommon. Cardiac leiomyomas are usually diagnosed as a benign metastasizing leiomyoma or as a part of intravenous leiomyomatosis spectrum. Primary cardiac leiomyomas are extremely rare and should be diagnosed after ruling out the involvement of systemic leiomyomas. Only nine cases were found in the literature that described De novo occurrence of primary intra-cardiac leiomyoma. In this study, we present a case of 60-year-old female patient with a large pedunculated mass located in the left ventricle. Histopathology examination and immunohistochemistry aid confirmed the diagnosis of benign leiomyoma. No evidence of extra cardiac lesions was detected in the patient. The patient remained healthy with no signs of recurrence four years after the surgical resection. Benign cardiac tumors are not often seen, but when they do occur, they can present a serious risk to life. This is particularly significant because these tumors can detach and cause embolization, leading to the development of strokes. Moreover, these individuals do not show any clinical symptoms, making their detection quite challenging. When there is a suspicion, it is advised to utilize echocardiography and other imaging techniques to verify the presence of a tumor. In this report, we present a rare case and provide differential diagnoses, along with a review of the literature., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

A 78-year-old Japanese man presented to the emergency department with a sore throat and fever that worsened over 3 weeks. A tonsil biopsy led to the diagnosis of pleomorphic mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) that had infiltrated the right adrenal gland, inferior vena cava, and right atrium (RA). Although the patient's cardiac tumor had high mobility, his hemodynamic state was stable, and he did not present with fatal arrhythmia. Therefore, we first introduced chemotherapy. However, the patient developed recurrent pulmonary embolisms (PEs) and died after starting chemotherapy. An autopsy revealed that the MCL had invaded the large vessels, causing the PEs. Although the high mobility of cardiac tumors is known to increase the risk of PE in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), optimal management of cardiac MCL remains to be elucidated owing to its rarity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cardiac MCL with posttreatment PE development in a Japanese patient. It is worth considering preventive surgery before treatment not only in DLBCL, but also in MCL based on the mobility of the cardiac tumors. Our case highlights the need for close communication between hematologists and cardiologists to treat cardiac MCL.

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

Background: Myxomas are the most common primary benign heart tumors, typically found in the left atrium, with only 2-4% occurring in the right ventricle. Clinical presentations vary widely, including congestive heart failure and systemic embolic phenomena. This case report describes a rare right ventricular myxoma causing both inflow and outflow obstruction, presenting as progressive exertional dyspnea., Case Presentation: A 23-year-old male presented with two weeks of worsening exertional dyspnea. He was stable but tachypneic with a systolic murmur over the tricuspid area. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-Reactive protein (CRP) were noted, while other lab tests were normal. Imaging, including echocardiography and chest tomography scan (CT) revealed a 4 × 3.8 × 4.6 cm mass in the right ventricle extending to the pulmonary trunk. Surgical resection via right ventriculotomy was performed, and histopathology confirmed myxoma. The patient recovered uneventfully., Conclusion: Right ventricular myxomas, though rare, can cause significant obstruction and present with diverse symptoms. Timely diagnosis using imaging techniques like echocardiography is crucial. Surgical resection remains the definitive treatment, offering excellent outcomes and low recurrence rates. Early intervention is vital to prevent serious complications and ensure favorable patient prognosis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Paragangliomas are rare extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tumors originating from chromaffin tissue that present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to their diverse clinical manifestations and low incidence. While these tumors often manifest as catecholamine-secreting functional tumors, their clinical presentation can vary, leading to delayed diagnosis and challenging management. This study presents the case of a 22-year-old patient with cardiac paraganglioma who initially presented with angina-like symptoms, highlighting the importance of considering this rare condition in young individuals with nonspecific complaints. Diagnostic imaging, including transthoracic echocardiography, CT angiography, and MRI, played a crucial role in identifying the tumor's location and vascularization. Surgical excision, including pulmonary artery graft and CABG, was the primary management approach, which was accompanied by intraoperative complications that later led to CCU admission, followed by postoperative complications, ultimately leading to the patient's death. This case highlights the significance of early recognition and management of complications following a surgical approach to treat paragangliomas.

Rationale: Approximately one-fifth ischemic stroke are attributed to cardioembolism. Patients with cardioembolic stroke often develop a more severe disability and a higher risk of stroke recurrence. Cardiac myxoma, although uncommon, can serve as a potentially curable cause of acute embolic strokes., Patient Concerns: A 55-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with acute vertigo and unsteady gait, accompanied by left upper limb numbness. Concurrently, purple-like lesions on the left hand were noticed., Diagnoses: Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple infarctions in the posterior circulation. Additionally, skin examination showed Janeway lesions, Osler nodes and splinter hemorrhages. There was no evidence of systemic infection. Subsequently, transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a left atrial myxoma., Intervention: Early surgical resection of cardiac myxoma was performed., Outcomes: The patient recovered well from the surgery. No recurrent embolic event was reported at 3-month postoperatively., Lessons: Clinicians should be vigilant for skin manifestations of cardiac embolism. In patients with acute ischemic strokes, the presence of cutaneous embolic phenomena could serve as a warning sign of cardioembolism., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

BACKGROUND Cardiac calcified amorphous tumor (CCAT), a peculiar and uncommon non-neoplastic cardiac lesion, was initially characterized by Reynolds and colleagues in the medical literature in 1997. This distinctive entity is hallmarked by its unique feature of pedunculated and diffused calcifications, primarily infiltrating the cardiac structures, with a predilection for the mitral valve annulus initially, followed in sequence by the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, and tricuspid valve annulus. The nature of CCATs, despite being benign, poses diagnostic dilemmas, as they frequently masquerade as malignant tumors due to their clinical presentations, which resemble those caused by potential complications such as obstructive masses and thromboembolic events. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old man presented to our hospital with shortness of breath. He had been short of breath for more than 5 years after repeated activities. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a mobile high echogenic mass from the middle of the right ventricular wall and pericardial effusion and right heart insufficiency. The electrocardiogram (ECG) results demonstrated a sinus rhythm, complete right bundle branch block, and T-wave alterations. Additionally, the chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a slightly enlarged heart with a lack of density and calcification in the right ventricle. He had an uneventful postoperative recovery after the resection of the cardiac tumor. The mass had not continued to grow when we compared it with preoperative cardiac color doppler echocardiography, after 3 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS CCAT is a rare non-neoplastic cardiac entity. Diagnosis of CCAT poses a challenge due to the absence of distinct clinical features and its frequent misidentification as a malignant tumor mimic. Surgical resection serves as the sole treatment for symptom relief.

Atrial Myxoma is the most common primary benign tumour of the heart, commonly found in the left atrium. It typically presents in young females with characteristic features such as, constitutional symptoms, chest pain, and cardiac murmurs. However, atypical presentations can occur; causing a diagnostic challenge. This case report describes a 75-year-old male who visited the cardiology outpatient department of Dow Institute of Cardiology, Karachi on 18th April, 2023 with a left-sided atrial myxoma in late adulthood without typical features including constitutional symptoms, chest pain, syncope, dizziness, digital clubbing or neurologic findings. Further discussed are the diagnostic techniques used to find the tumour and the treatment strategy. This case report highlights the need for cardiologists to consider Atrial Myxoma as a potential diagnosis, even in the absence of typical symptoms, in elderly male population.

Abstract: Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIS) is a rare but benign cardiac tumor that can be found on cardiac imaging such as echocardiogram, or during surgery or an autopsy. Cardiac MRI is the best imaging modality to determine the borders of the tumor and its extension into the intraventricular septum and ventricular free wall. Patients require close monitoring because LHIS may cause right or left outflow tract obstruction or superior vena cava obstruction, requiring cardiac surgical intervention. This article describes a patient with LHIS who underwent cardiac surgery because of her increasing symptomatology., (Copyright © 2024 American Academy of Physician Associates.)

Despite being extremely rare in children, primary benign cardiac tumors can cause malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VA) or even sudden cardiac death. To assess the predictors of cardiovascular death and malignant VAs, we designed a retrospective single-center study enrolling paediatric patients. We defined as primary outcome a composite of cardiovascular death, sustained VT, ventricular fibrillation and rapid, symptomatic non-sustained VT. Our secondary endpoint was to assess the prevalence of clinically significant arrhythmias in our population. METHODS AND RESULTS: We fitted a multivariate Cox regression model to assess the predictors of the primary outcome. Over a period of 38 years, a total of 97 children were enrolled in the study. Among them, there were 73 rhabdomyomas, 13 fibromas, 3 myxomas, 3 teratomas, 1 lipoma, 2 haemangiomas and 2 fibroelastomas. Over a median follow up of 10.53 years, 16 patients met the primary outcome. Kaplan Meier unadjusted survival estimates showed that tumor dimensions larger than 2.3 cm and diagnosis of fibroma predicted worse outcomes compared with smaller tumors or other histotypes, (log rank p < 0.0002 and < 0.0001 respectively). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, diagnosis of fibroma and tumor dimensions were independently associated to the primary endpoint (HR: 5.06, 95 %CI (1.3-19); and 1.26 • (1.05-11), respectively). Clinically significant arrhythmias were reported in 24.5 % of the study population. CONCLUSIONS: Among paediatric primary cardiac tumors, type and dimensions may predict the hazard of malignant VAs and cardiac death., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The Authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy that commonly metastasizes to various organs. The presenting symptoms are typically nonspecific, so a comprehensive examination is required to confirm the diagnosis promptly. This case report describes the presentation of an older patient with a history of neoplasms. Echocardiography and biopsy were performed, but despite surgical intervention to resect a large right atrial mass, the patient died. A final diagnosis of primary angiosarcoma was made based on the resected specimen., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by The Texas Heart Institute®.)

A 69-year-old man who underwent a liver transplant in 2014 due to hepatitis C virus hepatopathy was evaluated for dyspnea on exertion and chest pain.

Introduction: Myxofibrosarcoma usually occurs in the extremities of middle-aged to older adults. Metastatic myxofibrosarcomas generally emerge in the lung. In this case report, we aim to present a case of primary pulmonary myxofibrosarcoma with tumor thrombus extending into the left atrium without pulmonary vein or atrial invasion., Case Presentation: A 55-year-old male who was being followed up due to a pulmonary nodule presented with a mass extending from the left lower lobe to the left atrium. No extrathoracic malignancy was detected in the pre-operative examination. The mass extending into the left atrium without invasion was excised with the lower lobe of the left lung. A post-operative histopathological examination revealed myxofibrosarcoma., Conclusion: Very few cases of cervical, thoracic wall, mediastinum and cardiac primary myxofibrosarcoma have been documented, and to the best of our knowledge, only one primary pulmonary myxofibrosarcoma case has previously been reported in the English literature. Here, we present a case of primary pulmonary myxofibrosarcoma that extended to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein. In such rare clinical presentations, intracardiac tumor resection should precede pulmonary resection due to the possibility of catastrophic tumor embolisms.

ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram typically indicates acute myocardial infarction but can mimic ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in various conditions. We present a case of a patient with an intramyocardial mass and anterior ST-segment elevation without significant myocardial biomarker elevation. Multimodality imaging was crucial in revealing cardiac metastasis as the attributable cause., Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We report the case of a female neonate admitted to the neonatal ICU with a rapid, narrow-complex tachyarrhythmia determined to be supraventricular tachycardia. Multimodality imaging and genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex with multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas. At 13 days of age, the patient was readmitted, exhibiting recurrent supraventricular tachycardia non-responsive to first-line treatment. Management required triple-drug therapy, whereafter the patient remained stable without recurrences. This is a rare report of supraventricular tachycardia in a functionally normal heart with the occurrence of supraventricular tachycardia due to structural abnormalities, with the possibility of multiple concealed accessory pathways.

We report a case of a primary cardiac spindle cell neoplasm with concerning histological features and a rare PDGFRA::USP8 gene fusion in a 3 year old boy. The patient presented with a large cardiac mass predominantly in the right ventricle, originating from the ventricular septum. The mass was resected with grossly negative margins. Pathology revealed an unclassified spindle cell neoplasm with a PDGFRA::USP8 gene fusion. This gene fusion has only been previously reported twice in the medical literature, one in a pediatric cardiac sarcoma and the other in an abdominal soft tissue tumor in an adult woman. The patient is alive and well with no evidence of recurrence 11 months after excision., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: none declared.

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: none declared.

Background: Cardiac myxomas are the most common type of primary cardiac tumors in adults, but they can have variable features that make them difficult to diagnose. We report two cases of atrial myxoma with calcification or ossification, which are rare pathological subgroups of myxoma., Case Presentation: A 47-year-old woman and a 35-year-old man presented to our hospital with different symptoms. Both patients had a history of chronic diseases. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a mass in the left or right atrium, respectively, with strong echogenicity and echogenic shadows. The masses were suspected to be malignant tumors with calcification or ossification. Contrast transthoracic echocardiography(cTEE) showed low blood supply within the lesions. The patients underwent surgical resection of the atrial mass, and the pathology confirmed myxoma with partial ossification or massive calcification., Conclusion: We report two rare cases of atrial myxoma with calcification or ossification and analyze their ultrasonographic features. Transthoracic echocardiography and cTEE can provide valuable information for the diagnosis and management of such mass. However, distinguishing calcification and ossification in myxoma from calcification in malignant tumors is challenging. More studies are needed to understand the pathogenesis and imaging characteristics of these myxoma variants., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Carney syndrome is an uncommon autosomal disorder closely linked to mutations in the PRKAR1A gene. Skin lesions are the most pronounced feature of Carney syndrome, affecting over 80% of individuals with this condition. This syndrome is characterized by a triad of myxomas, skin pigmentation, and endocrine hyperfunction, featuring multiple endocrine neoplasms with skin and cardiac involvement. Dilated cardiomyopathy, a primary cardiomyopathy, is defined as the dilation and impaired systolic function of the left or both ventricles. Its clinical presentation varies from being asymptomatic to heart failure or sudden cardiac death, making it a leading global cause of heart failure. Currently, Dilated cardiomyopathy has an estimated prevalence of 1/2500-1/250 individuals, predominantly affecting those aged 30-40 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. This case report describes a heart failure patient with cardiac myxoma caused by Carney syndrome combined with dilated cardiomyopathy. The patient was successfully treated for heart failure by heart transplantation., Case Presentation: Herein, we report a case of heart failure due to Carney syndrome that resulted in cardiac myxoma combined with dilated cardiomyopathy. A 35-year-old male was admitted to the hospital three years ago because of sudden chest tightness and shortness of breath. Echocardiography indicated myxoma, and a combination of genetic screening and physical examination confirmed Carney syndrome with cardiac myxoma. Following symptomatic management, he was discharged. Surgical interventions were not considered at the time. However, the patient's chest tightness and shortness of breath symptoms worsened, and he returned to the hospital. A New York Heart Association grade IV heart function was confirmed, and echocardiography indicated the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy accompanied by cardiac myxoma. Ultimately, the patient's heart failure was successfully treated with heart transplantation., Conclusions: Cardiac myxoma caused by Carney syndrome combined with heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy can be resolved by heart transplantation., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Cardiac myxoma is extremely rare in children. However, if not treated immediately, it may cause varying symptoms until sudden death. A-9-years old male Javanese child was brought to the emergency department of Prof. Soekandar General Hospital, Mojokerto with progressive dyspnoea since one month which got worse in the left decubitus position. There was no significant past medical history. Physical examination revealed hypotension, mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, and pulmonary congestion. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a round pedunculated 3x3.3 cm mass in the Left Atrium that swingingly moved to the Left Ventricle during diastole. This was diagnosed provisionally as Myxoma with a differential of thrombus. After stabilization, he was referred to a tertiary hospital for emergency excision. Histopathology confirmed the myxoma. There were no symptoms and activity limitations during the 6 months follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paediatric cardiac myxoma with Acute Heart Failure symptoms reported in Indonesia. Echocardiography is imperative for diagnosing myxoma. Appropriate and timely management results in an excellent outcome.

Pediatric pulmonary embolism occurs in 8.6-57 per 100,000 hospitalised children. We report a novel case of bilateral pulmonary emboli in a child presenting with dyspnoea who was found to have large right ventricular myxoma and subsequent diagnosis of Carney complex. After resection of the right ventricular myxoma and bilateral pulmonary embolectomy, she had a full recovery and an excellent outcome.

Spindle cell lesions of the pleura and pericardium are rare. Distinction from sarcomatoid mesothelioma, which has a range of morphologic patterns, can be difficult, but accurate diagnosis matters. This article provides practical guidance for the diagnosis of pleural spindle cell neoplasms, focusing on primary lesions., Competing Interests: Disclosure S. Klebe prepares medicolegal reports on diagnosis and causation of asbestos-related disease to the courts and tribunals of Australia., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Fetal pericardial teratomas are rare. They present with pericardial effusion and hydrops. The definitive management is postnatal resection of the tumor. The exact antenatal management is not known due to its rarity. We present a case of fetal pericardial teratoma with pericardial tamponade. Pericardiocentesis performed at 31 weeks significantly relieved the venous compression, leading to resolution of hydrops and prolonging the gestational age for the definitive management., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Papillary fibroelastomas are benign tumors that usually originate from cardiac valves but may have other endocardial origins. We report the cases of 2 patients in whom left atrial appendage masses were initially diagnosed as thrombus. They were treated for embolic stroke and their symptoms resolved; however, their left atrial appendage masses did not regress. After surgery, histologic analysis of the resected masses revealed papillary fibro-elastoma in both cases. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas encountered in patients with papillary fibroelastomas and cardiac masses other than thrombus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiac hemangiomas are very uncommon benign primary tumors. They are usually located preferentially in the right atrium and their location in the interatrial septum is extremely rare., Case Presentation: We report the case of a 41-year-old patient who was admitted due to a stroke. The transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large mass in the right atrium adhered to the interatrial septum. Suspecting an atrial myxoma, surgical intervention was performed confirming that the mass extended within the thickness of the interatrial septum, protruding into the right atrial cavity. The histologic report confirmed a hemangioma., Conclusions: Cardiac hemangiomas are rare primary tumors and are usually misdiagnosed as other cardiac tumors. Histopathological examination is essential for a definitive diagnosis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: Pediatric cardiac tumors are rare and, among them, 90% are benign. Cardiac fibroma is the second most frequent tumor, after rhabdomyoma. The objective of this study is to report a case of cardiac fibroma diagnosed incidentally in a patient admitted with acute viral bronchiolitis., Case Description: A 5-month-old male infant was admitted to the pediatric emergency department with acute viral bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization. He presented a detectable respiratory syncytial virus in oropharyngeal swab, blood test with lymphocytosis and a chest radiography revealed cardiomegaly. Further cardiologic testing was performed detecting elevation of cardiac biomarkers, an electrocardiogram with alteration of left ventricular repolarization and echocardiogram with a heterogeneous mass in the left ventricular, with areas of calcification. A chest angiotomography suggested rhabdomyosarcoma or cardiac fibroma and a magnetic resonance showed a mass, with characteristics suggesting fibroma. The final diagnosis was made after two cardiac catheterizations for biopsy of the lesion, confirming cardiac fibroma by anatomopathological examination. Because the patient had moderate to severe systolic dysfunction, he was submitted to heart transplant., Comments: One third of cardiac fibromas are asymptomatic, generally diagnosed late through tests ordered for other reasons. The gold-standard test for definitive diagnosis is biopsy. Cardiac fibroma usually does not present spontaneous regression and, in most cases, partial or total surgical resection is necessary. When tumors are unresectable, heart transplantation should be indicated. It is essential to have detailed characterization of the cardiac mass to establish the most appropriate therapeutic approach for each patient.

Cardiac tumours can occur in association with genetic syndromes. Rhabdomyomas have been reported in association with tuberous sclerosis, myxomas with Carney's complex, cardiac fibromas with Gorlin syndrome, and paragangliomas with multiple endocrine neoplasm syndrome. The presentation and prognosis of cardiac tumours associated with genetic syndromes differ compared with sporadic cases. Knowledge about the associated syndromes' genetic features and extracardiac manifestations is essential for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cardiac neoplasms. Moreover, identifying genetic mutations in benign and malignant cardiac tumours is needed to personalise management and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, this review discusses the genetic abnormalities associated with cardiac tumours, the current genetic screening recommendations, and the effect of those genetic mutations on the outcomes., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest The author declares that there is no conflict of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This case report describes a 35-year-old female patient who presented with palpitations and shortness of breath. Imaging findings suggested a cardiac tumor, histopathology confirmed primary cardiac angiosarcoma. This tumor is highly aggressive, usually occurs in the right atrium, lacks specificity in clinical presentation, is prone to early metastasis, and has a poor prognosis. Echocardiography is the method of choice for early detection and is important in assessing tumor size, location, mode of attachment and whether cardiac function is impaired., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Cardiac tumors, due to the various clinical scenarios and their histological subtypes, are still challenging for clinicians. They are differentiated into primary and secondary. The latest are more common and are usually lung and breast cancers, melanomas, and lymphoma metastasis. We present a case of a 73-year-old woman, with a history of breast cancer 10 years earlier, admitted to Cath lab for an elevation of the ST-segment of the electrocardiogram, myocardial infarction. Echocardiogram showed a curious abnormality in the myocardial wall. Thanks to a multimodality imaging strategy, including contrast-enhanced echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, characterization of the underlying pathology was clear and, thus, the appropriate management and therapy.

Background: Left atrial myxoma during pregnancy is rare. We present three cases in order to aid in the management., Case Presentation: Three cases of left atrial myxoma during pregnancy were presented in this article. Three patients all received multidisciplinary team work and acquired good outcomes. The case 1 had no symptoms and delivered before traditional cardiac surgery. The case 2 and case 3 undergone totally endoscopic minimally invasive cardiac surgery during pregnancy. The case 3 maintained pregnancy to term and gave birth to a healthy baby via vaginal delivery. No relapse of the tumor was observed., Conclusions: The management of left atrial myxoma during pregnancy ought to be individualized and combined with the gestational age. If the diagnosis was made in the first two trimesters of pregnancy, totally endoscopic minimally invasive cardiac surgery during pregnancy would be an optimal choice. The patients can benefit from the multidisciplinary team work., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Cardiac leiomyosarcomas are a rare subset of the already infrequent, primary malignant cardiac neoplasia spectrum. The most common site for a primary leiomyosarcoma of the ventricle is on the right with fewer than five globally reported cases in the left ventricle. Most present with non-specific symptoms but attention is usually sought after the appearance of compressive symptoms or arrhythmias. We present a case of a left ventricular leiomyosarcoma in a 50-year old female patient that had a delayed diagnosis and its subsequent surgical resection and oncological management with docetaxel and gemcitabine. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for cardiac masses especially if there are competing chronic diseases with similar symptomatology. Given the rare presentation of left ventricular leiomyosarcomas, case reports may provide valuable information that is otherwise unavailable., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Left ventricular tumour is a rare condition in children. The causes include vegetations, thrombus, and fibroma. 2-year-old asymptomatic female presented with an innocent heart murmur at 6 months of age. Subsequent follow-ups at 18 months of age showed left ventricular mass. Surgical pathology revealed "nodular fasciitis." This type of tumour has never been described in the heart before.