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AISI D2, an alloy tool steel, has been widely used as a cold-work die steel because of its excellent wear resistance, toughness, and machinability. However, when it is used as a mold or tool under a high load, high hardness and wear resistance are required to improve its service life. This study aimed to apply ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM), a local surface hardening technology, to the surface of D2 steel. To maximize the surface improvement effect achievable through UNSM, it is important to select the optimal process conditions according to the characteristics of the base metal. Therefore, the effects of UNSM were compared for different initial hardness values of D2 in this study. To this end, the base metal was subjected to different heat treatment conditions to exhibit different hardness values (approximately 40, 45, 50, and 55 HRc). Changes in the surface of the base metal were observed according to the three main parameters of the UNSM process: the load, inter-pass interval, and feed rate. No significant changes in the surface roughness and hardness was caused by the feed rate. As the inter-pass interval of UNSM decreased and the static load increased, the surface roughness of the base metal increased. However, the specimen with low initial hardness (D2-H40), the roughness improvement decreased as the load increased. On the other hand, the surface hardness improvement increased as the inter-pass interval decreased and the load increased regardless of the initial hardness of the base metal. It also was found that the specimen with the highest initial hardness (D2-H55) exhibited the greatest hardness improvement rate of 8.7 % and smallest hardened layer thickness of 220 μm. In addition, the largest compressive residual stress (-1,130.6 MPa) was formed on the surface of D2-H55 after UNSM, which occurred because the base metal with high initial hardness had limited plastic flow due to fine grains and low ductility, causing thus the energy repeatedly delivered by UNSM to be concentrated in a limited area. Consequently, reducing the inter-pass interval is effective on improving the surface roughness and hardness regardless of the material hardness. However, the load must be applied at an appropriate level, depending on the material hardness. Therefore, when D2 is heat-treated and used according to the product requirements, it will be effective to consider the changes after UNSM treatment based on hardness after heat treatment that were derived in this study.

Heat treatment, in conjunction with quenching, is used to improve the mechanical characteristics of oil hardened steel. In order to get the greatest yield strength, hardness, and ultimate tensile strength, among other things, a variety of control parameters must be tweaked in order to achieve the optimum outcomes. One of the objectives of this study is to improve the process of improving the mechanical properties of AISI 4140 Chromoly steel by varying key parameters such as the quenchant used, the soaking time, and the heat treatment temperature. After using the Taguchi method for the purpose of experimental design, three output responses were produced, namely the yield strength, the hardness, and the ultimate tensile strength of the material. To determine the most optimum parameters for heat treatment and quenching, the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment method (WASPAS) was used. In this study, it was discovered that the hardness of the material is dependent on the heating temperature, with greater hardness being obtained at the highest possible heating temperature. A similar relationship exists between material strength and soaking time, with the greatest amount of soaking time leading to greater material strength. When comparing the mechanical properties of the three quenchants, new engine oil performed much better than coconut oil and old engine oil. It is clear that both the WASPAS method and the Taguchi-WASPAS method approach are very effective, as shown by the close agreement between the anticipated and experimental results. The ANOVA results revealed that among all of the factors considered for maximisation of mechanical characteristics in heat treated and quenched Chromoly steel specimens, temperature was the most significant and influencing factor, followed by soaking time as the second most significant parameter, and quenchant as the least significant variable. The relevance and effectiveness of both optimization approaches were also shown by a confirmatory test, which was conducted.

In the present research work, corrosion behavior of heat treated Al 2014 alloy in 3.5% NaCl with and without heat treatment in different concentration of inhibitors is studied. Rectangular specimen 2 cm X 1 cm X 1 mm was subjected heat treatment for 2 h, 4 h and 6 h in Muffle furnace at 550 °C. The specimen were tested for corrosion characterization of Electrochemical studies test. The result obtained is compared with heat treated and non-heat treated specimen. It was found that the heat treated specimen exhibits excellent corrosion Resistance when compared to non-heated specimen.

The solid particle erosion (SPE) is a serious issue, and a growing challenge for industrial components exposed to the atmosphere under solid particles flow along with liquid or gas as a carrier medium. This results in a degradation of the components and a huge expense due to damages, downtime, and component replacement costs. Solid particle erosion depends on multiple factors, such as erodent properties, material properties of components, workplace conditions. Therefore, research is underway to fix the issues by developing materials that are resistant to erosion and new techniques to protect the material surface from countering the rate of erosion. This article provides a thorough overview of reference literature documented with a systematic approach accompanied by content and descriptive analysis to recognize the extension of research in the field of SPE behaviour of hardfaced/heat-treated materials. The article focused on the SPE response of various substrate materials and hardfaced/heat-treated surfaces’ characteristics. The literature audit indicates that the research in under this area is in progress from 1995. The elemental composition of overlaying material and the hardfacing/heat-treatment technique with different processing parameters are promising factors influencing the rate of SPE.

This work focuses on variations in tool wear and its interface temperature with work during operation. EN8 works are heat treated to obtain varied hardness from 15 to 25 HRC which used for investigation. Tools are coated with different composition ranging from R1 to R4. As observed, it is quite interesting in noting down that, tool wear increases as speed and feed increases and temperature increases as speed increases and decreases as feed increases. Maximum of 0.491 mm of tool wear is observed for 25 HRC work with tool 3 of R3 composition at 25 mm/rev feed rate. Maximum temperature recorded is of 65 °C at 1500 rpm speed and 5 mm/rev feed for 20 HRC work with tool 3. Similarly, minimum value of tool wear during testing is 0.053 mm for tool 2 at 500 rpm for 15 HRC work. Minimum temperature of 25 °C is observed for 15 HRC work at 500 rpm cutting speed with tool 2. During comparison of tool wear and temperature for tool with coating, the tool with coatings gives better and satisfactory results. Tool 2 with R2 composition gives better results among others for 15 and 20 HRC EN8 hard work. The tool fails in giving significant performance for 25 HRC work during investigation. Thus, these coated tools are preferred to get good quality work below or at 20 HRC work.

The ultrahigh temperature ceramic-matrix composites (UHTCMCs) are the core class of innovative materials. One of the key-features that such a new class of materials should exhibit is self-repair of damage without any external intervention. In the present work, a set of ZrB2-SiC ceramics (SiC from 5 to 15 vol.%) was produced by hot-pressing: besides SiC, also 5 vol.% Y2O3 was added in the starting mixture to search for an improved self-healing capability (SH). Dedicated set-ups to thermally stimulate samples in severely oxidizing atmosphere up to 2278 K were designed and realized. To assess the SH capabilities, the retained flexural strengths were measured at room temperature using samples damaged by indentations and then heat treated from 1773 K to 2278 K. The strength recovery rates were measured and correlated to the SH efficiency.

This paper assesses the dry sliding wear behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V alloy components produced by electron beam melting (EBM). The effect of different post-processing heat treatments on the wear behaviour of EBM parts was studied by comparing the heat-treated samples with the as-built sample. The results obtained from wear tests showed that the samples subjected to water-quenching after heat treatment had the lowest wear loss. The furnace-cooled samples after heat treatment exhibited the maximum wear loss; this was due to the presence of coarser α-phase in prior β grains in furnace cooled specimens when compared to the as-built sample; producing the lowest microhardness amongst all the heat-treated samples. Most of the samples showed material loss due to abrasive mechanism, whilst the sample that was furnace-cooled after heat treatment above the β transus temperature showed material loss due to adhesive wear and delamination.

In this study, open-cell Mg composite foams reinforced with in-situ Mg2Si were prepared. In order to refine the Mg2Si compound, the composite foams were co-modified with Y + Sb elements followed by solution heat treatment. The influences of complex modification and holding time of solution heat treatment on the microstructure and compressive properties of the composite foams were studied. The experimental results show that the morphology of Mg2Si is effectively changed by complex modification. The coarse dendritic primary Mg2Si (∼40 μm) is altered to the fine polygonal shape (∼10 μm); the coarse eutectic Mg2Si is transformed to a long rod or granular shape. Both compressive strength and energy absorption capacity of the composite foams are significantly increased. Additionally, with the increasing holding time of solution heat treatment, the eutectic Mg2Si undergoes obvious spheroidization, and the corner of the primary Mg2Si occurs passivation. Consequently, the compressive strength and energy absorption capacity are further improved.

The application of Al or Si as antioxidants in MgO-C refractories leads to the in situ formation of new phases. Due to uncertainties regarding phase formation in some references four different test series were heat treated from 800 to 1600 °C under reducing conditions in 200 °C steps. The antioxidant systems investigated were pure Al, Al and Si in two different ratios and SiC. The addition of SiC did not lead to the formation of new phases but in case of Al and Si addition carbides, nitrides, oxycarbonitrides and oxynitrides were formed. The reaction series, its reason and its relation to equilibrium phase composition have been revealed.

To investigate the surface properties of different modified poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) wood samples, the color, surface roughness, and wettability of untreated poplar wood (control) and poplar modified via heat treatment, resin impregnation, and impregnation combined heat treatment were analyzed and compared in this study. The impregnant used in the test was a modified urea-formaldehyde resin with a low molecular weight and low viscosity. The results showed that the lightness of the samples was sorted in order as follows: the control was lighter than the resin impregnated sample, which was lighter than the impregnation combined heat treatment sample, which was lighter than the heat treatment sample. The surface of the control samples was relatively smooth, while after the impregnation, heat, and impregnation combined heat treatments, the Ra and Rz values increased, which indicated increased surface roughness due to the modifications. Among them, the heat-treated samples had the roughest surface, and the surface roughness of the impregnation combined heat treated samples at 160 °C had no major difference from the resin impregnated sample. The wettability of the samples decreased after heat treatment and increased after impregnation combined heat treatment. It was concluded that after the modification treatments, the color of the wood became darker, and the surface roughness and hydrophobicity increased.

The distribution of primary γ′ precipitates in Waspaloy after solution heat treatment at various temperatures is investigated. The γ′ precipitates distribute inhomogeneously in the matrix after sub-solvus heat treatment at 1020, 1030 and 1040 °C and are fully dissolved at 1050 °C. The inhomogeneity increases as sub-solvus temperature increases, and the γ′-precipitate-free zones appear after heat treatment at 1040 °C. For the sub-solvus heat treated samples, the matrix containing less γ′ precipitates is revealed to surround the MC carbides spatially, which is caused by the fluctuation of the concentration of γ′-forming element Ti due to the consumption by MC carbides. The inhomogeneous distribution of γ′ precipitates induces hardness fluctuation within the matrix.

The paper contains the results of an experimental investigation of fatigue crack development under mixed-mode I + II and I + III in heat-treated 42CrMo4 steel. Tests were performed on heat-treated compact tension shear specimens and rectangular cross-section specimens for mixed-mode I + III. Mixed-mode I + II tests were conducted for 30 and 60° loading angle, while the test for I + III mixed-mode was conducted for 30 and 45°. Additionally, the paper presents fracture analysis results of fatigue crack path development.

The main aim is to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of blue heat-treated instruments with different kinematics. Twenty-four endodontic instruments of the same brand were used for each of three experimental groups: VB (Vortex Blue 40/0.04), RB (RECIPROC Blue 40/0.06), and XB (X1 Blue 40/0.06). The instruments were randomly distributed and subjected to temperatures of 20°C and 37°C. The fatigue test was performed using a stainless steel device. Data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Student’s t-test, the F test, and Tukey’s and Tamhane tests at significance level P = 0.05 . The instruments’ cyclic fatigue resistance at both temperatures differed significantly for each instrument type ( P < 0.001 ). The RB instruments displayed greater cyclic fatigue resistance at the tested temperatures compared with the VB and XB instruments ( P < 0.001 ). Reciprocating kinematics positively influenced cyclic fatigue resistance. Blue heat-treated instruments showed decreased cyclic fatigue resistance as the temperature increased ( P < 0.001 ).

BACKGROUND Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) resin is the most commonly used denture base material which satisfies colour stability, aesthetic demands, accurate fit, affordable cost, and ease in manipulation. The common disadvantages are incomplete flow, impact strength, transverse strength and fatigue resistance. The fracture of denture base is mainly due to flexural fatigue failure which can be minimised by reinforcing with various artificial and natural fibres. There are very few studies which have incorporated natural fibres to enhance the strength of PMMA resin. So, in this study both natural and artificial fibres were used to enhance the property and find the best fibres to strengthen the denture base. METHODS A total of 80 samples were prepared using a standardized stainless steel metal die and these samples were grouped into Group A as control group, Group B PMMA samples reinforced with raw teak wood fibres, Group C reinforced with alkali treated teak wood fibres, Group D reinforced with heat treated teak wood fibres and Group E samples were reinforced with Ultra-High molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene fibres and processing was carried out by conventional method. The flexural strength of each sample was calculated. RESULTS The mean flexural strength of Group A, Group B, Group C, Group D and Group E were 82.338, 58.680, 62.259, 105.878, 90.2263 respectively with a P value of 0.001. Group D samples showed a P value < 0.001 which was statistically significant when compared to other groups. The obtained values were statistically analysed by oneway ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test using statistical software SPSS 17. CONCLUSIONS This in-vitro study infers that the samples of Group D incorporated with heat treated teak fibres had shown increased flexural strength, which could be a good replacement for various synthetic and natural fibres to enhance the strength of denture base resins. KEY WORDS Teakwood Fibres, Heat Treatment, Alkali Treatment, Sandwich Technique, Polyethylene Fibres

La harina de avena fue tratada térmicamente a 80, 100 o 130 °C durante 30 min para después ser utilizada en la sustitución del 10 o 20 % de harina de trigo para la elaboración de pan. Se determinó capacidad de retención de agua, perfil de viscosidad, volumen específico, pérdida de peso, actividad de agua y análisis de perfil de textura a los días 0, 2 y 7 después de elaborado el pan. Los parámetros de viscosidad fueron afectados por el nivel de sustitución de harina de avena y el tratamiento térmico, siendo más notable cuando la harina de avena se trató a 130 °C. Al utilizar harina de avena tratada a 100 °C, el volumen específico de pan aumentó, incluso más que al observado en el pan de harina de trigo (2.22 cm3/g). Esto sucedió para ambos niveles de sustitución 10 o 20 % (2.64 y 2.75 cm3/g). El perfil de textura, también se vio afectado por el nivel de sustitución y el tratamiento térmico. A los 7 días de almacenamiento, la firmeza del pan disminuyó cuando se usó 10 % de harina de avena tratada a 130 °C (12.86 N) con respecto al elaborado de harina de trigo (19.63 N). Los tratamientos térmicos en harina de avena utilizada en la sustitución de harina de trigo, pueden ser una alternativa importante para mejorar las propiedades reológicas, texturales y de calidad del pan.

AISI 1045 steel is a steel of medium carbon, widely used in machinery, the automotive industry, and the food industry, among others. Therefore, to fulfill its purpose, it is necessary to improve its mechanical resistance, wear resistance and resistance to fatigue through different surface heat treatments. Variables such as heating time and hence speed affect the thickness of the hardened layer and the microstructural characteristics of the area affected by heat treatment. The inspection of the transformation of phases during the treatment and the thickness of the boundary layer is generated by determining the hardness of the material, whose procedure is subject to the ASTM E92-17 and E384-17standards, which establish the methodology to be followed. Therefore, the objective of this work is to quantify the effect of three heating times at 1123 K on the hardening of AISI 1045 steel and the regularity of the hardened layer to ensure its functionality as a component subjected to friction, in addition to developing a table of equivalences between the Knoop (HK), Vickers (HK) and Rockwell C (HRC) hardness scales.

The aim of this article is to propose a two environmental problems solution. One is the silting up of dams, despite the expensive dredging operations and the absence of a policy for the reuse of dredged sludge stored on non-agricultural land. The other represents the rate of cement used in the concrete. The dredged sludge is introduced after heating treatment at 600°C into the cement matrix of an ordinary concrete represents the proposed solution for both problems. In these eco-concretes, the cement has been replaced by treated dredged sludge at different percentages (5-10-20%) with a similar amount of water. Physical measurements and mechanical tests like shrinkage, absorption, and ultrasonic pulse velocity indicated dependence on substitution under dilution effect. Thermogravimetric analysis like the produced portlandite rate indicates a lack of reactive silica to supply the pozzolanic reaction. The results reveal that the substitution of 5% of cement by treated sludge leads to an appropriate concrete and minimizes the siltation effect.

In this study, some physical and mechanical properties of yellow pine wood (Pinus sylvestris), which is used extensively in furniture industry, were tested after heat treatment. The findings obtained were modelled by artificial neural network (ANN) and interval values related to temperature and time variations were tried to be estimated. This study, which makes it easier to reach intermediate values, aims to save the relevant researchers from trial load all of the heating parameters during the furniture design/production stages. In the study scotch pine samples were heat-treated at 150, 160, 170, 180, 190 and 200 °C for 2, 4 and 6 hours, under normal atmosphere conditions. Color changes, weight losses and compression strength parallel to grain values of heat-treated samples were determined. After experimental study, modelling procedure was performed by ANN using two different learning algorithm- Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) algorithm- 15 different hidden neurons. The best model was obtained from 2-7-6 structure using LM learning algorithm. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the best model was found below 8.0% for estimated color parameters. The weight loss and compression strength parallel to grain were 5.79% and 1.50%, respectively. It was concluded that ANN can be used successfully to predict all studied parameters of heat-treated wood samples.

The paper presents the results of the behavior and resistance to the erosion by vibrating cavitation of the CuZn39Pb3 brass, obtained by quenching the volume heat treatment from 800°C with water cooling, followed by the stress-relief to 250°C, with air cooling. Comparison with both the delivery status and the naval brass (used for ship propellers), based on the characteristic parameters values, recommended by the ASTM G32 standards and used in the Cavitation Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara, shows that the hardness increase resulted from the heat treatment led to a significant increase of resistance to vibrating cavitation.

Color changes were tested and compared for heat-treated Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis wood treated with hot oil or hot air for further utilization of these species. Hot oil and hot air treatments were conducted at 180, 200, and 220 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. Heat-treated wood color changes were determined using the CIE-Lab color system. Weight changes of the wood before and after heat treatment were also determined. The weight of the oil heat-treated wood increased considerably but it decreased in air heat-treated wood. The oil heat-treated samples showed a greater decrease in lightness (L*) than air heat-treated samples. A significant change in L* was observed in Paulownia tomentosa. The red/green chromaticity (a*) of both wood samples increased at 180 and 200 °C and slightly decreased at 220 °C. The yellow/blue chromaticity (b*) in both wood samples increased at 180 °C, but it rapidly decreased with increasing treatment durations at 200 and 220 °C. The overall color change (ΔE*) in both heat treatments increased with increasing temperature, being higher in Paulownia tomentosa than in Pinus koraiensis. In conclusion, oil heat treatment reduced treatment duration and was a more effective method than air heat treatment in improving wood color.

The corrosion behaviors of a combined weld (plasma, gas tungsten arc) joint in a super austenitic stainless steel pipe were investigated using a range of experimental and analytical methods. To ensure superior corrosion resistance, a Ni-based super alloy (Inconel 625) was employed as the welding material only in the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Nevertheless, pitting corrosion occurred preferentially around the sigma phase which had been precipitated in the interdendritic region of the GTAW. This indicated that the Inconel 625, which has a higher pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN), became even more susceptible to pitting corrosion than the base metal (BM). The higher Fe content in the Inconel 625 due to the dilution of Fe, supplied by the leading plasma arc welding, may increase the driving force for the precipitation of sigma phase. It was also revealed that the post weld heat treatment conducted at 1050~1150 oC effectively reduced the fraction of sigma phase precipitated in the weld. Even after such heat treatment, however, pitting corrosion occurred unexpectedly in the center region of the BM. This may be due to additional precipitation of the sigma phase in the BM, caused by inadequate control of the cooling rate during heat treatment at the industrial site.

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) processed with significant technological interventions offer excellent properties at reduced cost resulted in a wide range of engineering applications. In MMCs, ensur...

In this work, the influence of the number of dowels and the option to place the dowels in the cross section of part on the bending moment capacity of heat-treated wood dowel joints was analysed. The joints, which were made of heat-treated ash, were tested by means of a universal testing machine.The ultimate failure load and the moment arms were used to figure out the bending moment capacity of the joints loaded in compression or in tension. The number of dowels affected the tensile strength of the L-shaped heat-treated wood joints. The modality to place the dowels in the cross section of rail, namely, in collinearity or in a triangular shape, did not significantly affect the strength of the heat-treated wood dowel joints.

The aluminium-based hybrid metal matrix composites have noteworthy applications in sub-sea installations, structures of deep-sea crawlers, submarine parts, engine cylinders, drum brakes etc., as they possess high strength, corrosion resistance, chemical, and dimensional stability. In this investigation, the pitting corrosion behaviour of friction welded and post-weld heat-treated AA6061/SiC/graphite hybrid composites were analysed. The corrosion rates of AW (as welded), ST (Solution treated), STA (Solution treated and Aged), and AA (Artificially Aged) weld joints were experimentally determined. The corrosion behaviour has been discussed in light of microstructure. The experimental results revealed that the STA joints exhibited better corrosion resistance characteristics as compared to AW, AA, and ST joints. The corrosion rate was high for AW joints, followed by AA and ST joints, respectively. Taking into account the corrosion rates of AW and STA joints, the STA joints have a corrosion rate 34.6% lesser than that of AW joints. A comparison of AA and ST with STA joints reveals that the rate of corrosion for STA joints was 31.1% lesser than that of AA joints and 28.8% lesser than that of ST joints. A lower corrosion rate was observed for STA joints as compared to AA, AW, and ST joints.

Alloys Fe-18Cr-9Ni-3Al, Fe-16Cr-18Ni-5Al, and Fe-20Cr-20Ni-5Al wt.% were prepared by vacuum arc melting and heat treated at 600 °C/514 days, 800 °C/56 days, 1000 °C/32 days, and 1100 °C/15 days. The microstructures of the samples were characterized to identify the equilibrium phases at each temperature. The compositions of the phases were measured with SEM-EDS. Solidus and liquidus were determined using DSC. The experimental results were compared with equilibrium thermodynamic calculations. Significant differences were observed for solidus, solvus temperatures, and compositions of the equilibrium phases.

In contemporary market conditions, quality has become a key element in meeting consumer requirements. Of particular interest is the manufacture of products with high organoleptic characteristics, which have a long sales prospect, with long shelf life, without changing the product quality. In order to achieve safe and qualitatively nutritious products, we need the latest raw materials and technologies. Establishing the validity of these products over a period of time helps to market foodstuffs that are safe for consumption and from the point of view of producers' economic and food safety considerations. The research was performed on assortments of sausages made of heat-treated ingredients, such as: Lebărvurști, c / I - packed in natural membrane; Boiled pork toba - packed in polyamide, Pork Saltison - packed in natural membrane, made for public consumption. The purpose of the research was to determine the quality, physico-chemical and microbiological indices in order to study the possibility of extending the shelf life of meat products up to 7 days, the meat products were manufactured in accordance with the company’s standards and technological instructions in force of the meat processor. Thus, there were obtained very good results, related to the organoleptic characteristics such as: external appearance, consistency, odor, color that correspond to the requirements of the norms stipulated in the normative acts in force for these products; the same can be said for the physical indices, since they have not changed considerably over time, remaining within the normative requirements even at the end of the shelf life, not affecting the quality of the product. And in terms of microbiological indications, it is noteworthy that throughout the shelf life of the product (7 days) they have not been modified and have corresponded to the requirements of the normative documents.

The role of nutrition in ensuring the health of a modern person is becoming increasingly important both at the level of national and international programs. The nutritional factor is essential in the correction of overweight and obesity. Purpose of the study. Influence of the effectiveness of fractionated and heat treated wheat bran. on weight status in animal experiments. Materials and research methods. Sexually mature outbred white rats (weight - 140-150 g). 1.group - control - animals are on a full-fledged general food ration; Group 2 experiment - animals with the introduction of the studied wheat bran into the diet. Euthanasia of animals was carried out by introducing deep anesthesia with ether in accordance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Experimental Animals 86/609 EEC. Research results. Wheat bran, fractionated and heat-treated, activate energy expenditure in the body and stimulate metabolic and fecal processes, which provide weight loss, which may serve as a basis for recommending the intake of the studied wheat bran for weight correction.

Studies on heat-treated wood are mostly focused on physical and mechanical properties. There is no sufficient study on combustion properties of heat-treated wooden material. In this study, combustion properties of heat-treated wooden material were determined. According to results of combustion, mass reduction in heat-treated wooden material less than non-heat-treated wood material. Temperature values of the heat-treated wooden material are higher than control samples. During combustion test, also, it was noticed that the amount of released gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO) and oxygen (O2) values in heat-treated wooden material are higher than control ones in general.

Duplex stainless steels (DSS) have become more attractive than single-phase austenitic and ferrite grades in industrial application due to their high strength and corrosion resistance in chloride-c...

The microstructure of the advanced low carbon steel with a superior hardenability was studied. The steel contained the following main alloying elements, wt. %: C – 0.20; Cr – 2.0; Mn – 2.0; Si – 1.04 Ni – 1.0; Mo – 0.3. The dilatometer investigation of the steel under consideration revealed the only phase transformation occurring during continuous cooling (0.1...30 °C/s), which started at the martensite start temperature Ms. It was shown that the isothermal treatment of the studied steel led to the bainite formation above and below Ms. The temperature of the bainite morphology shift was determined.

Currently, Aluminium (Al) 6061 material is used in various industrial application and Automobile sector. Al 6061 gives good formability and excellent mechanical properties. This paper is mainly focused on the behaviour of the heat-treated aluminium alloy-6061 under the various test such as hardness test, impact test and other industrial applications. Based on the outcomes of Heat treatment, the quality of the Aluminium alloy-6061 is also compared with that of Aluminium alloy-5083, 6063. Hence, this paper helps in future research, which is based on the behaviour of the Heat-treated aluminium alloy under Hardness test.

In this study, the magnetoimpedance (MI) and stress impedance (SI) effect properties of Fe77.5Si7.5B15 wires have been investigated. Wires were annealed at 460 oC for different times. The largest change in the MI was observed at 1MHz ac current frequency value. At this frequency value, the change in MI was about 40% in the wire that as-received, while the change in the wire heat treated at 460 oC for 10 minutes was found to be 169%. It has been determined that low time annealed leads to increase in magnetic softness., Bu çalışmada Fe77.5Si7.5B15 tellerin manyetoempedans (MI) ve stresempedans (SI) etki özellikleri incelenmiştir. Teller 460C de farklı sürelerde ısıtılmıştır. MI değerinde en büyük değişim 1MHz ac akım frekans değerinde gözlenmiştir. Bu frekans değerinde, ısıl işlem görmemiş telde MI değişimi yaklaşık %40 iken 460 C de 10 dakika ısıl işlem görmüş teldeki değişim %169 olarak bulunmuştur. Tellere uygulanan düşük süreli ısıl işlemlerin manyetik yumuşaklıkta artışa yol açtığı belirlenmiştir.