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In this paper, we present the methodology we used in the European Horizon 2020 AI-PROFICIENT project, to evaluate the implementation of the ethical component of the project. The project is a 3-year collaboration between a university partner and industrial and tech partners, which aims to research the integration of AI services in heavy industry work settings. An AI ethics approach developed for the project has involved embedded ethical analysis of work contexts and design solutions and the generation of specific and evolving ethical recommendations for partners. We have performed an ongoing evaluation and monitoring of the implementation of recommendations. We describe the quantitative results of these implementations: overall, broken down by category, and broken down by category and responsible project partner (anonymized). In parallel, we discuss the results in light of our approach and offer insights for future research into the ground-level application of ethical recommendations for AI in heavy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the ways in which the idea of the technical museum developed in the industrial region of Ostrava in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The issue is determined by political, economic and cultural changes in the following time periods: from the end of Austro-Hungarian monarchy (until 1918); the first Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938); WWII (1938–1945); post-war development, the so called Third Republic (1945–1948); the communist era (1948–1989); and from 1989 to the present. The development was always determined by whether the idea of the regional technical museum was interesting to powerful and intellectual elites, and what the response was from broader society – hence the significance of newspaper articles and other period reflections of the situation.

The paper analyses the ways in which the idea of the technical museum developed in the industrial region of Ostrava in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The issue is determined by political, economic and cultural changes in the following time periods: from the end of Austro-Hungarian monarchy (until 1918); the first Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938); WWII (1938-1945); post-war development, the so called Third Republic (1945-1948); the communist era (1948-1989); and from 1989 to the present. The development was always determined by whether the idea of the regional technical museum was interesting to powerful and intellectual elites, and what the response was from broader society - hence the significance of newspaper articles and other period reflections of the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membranes provide a unique opportunity for heavy industry decarbonization and a real solution requires optimal system design. We use a superstructure process model to minimize capital and operational expenses for post-combustion carbon capture systems. We consider membranes having CO2 permeances between 100 and 5000 GPU and selectivities for CO2 over N2 ranging from 10 to 300. For the four heavy industry-representative cases studied, we find membranes with selectivities approximately above 30 have essentially the same economics. When the permeance of CO2 is above 1000 GPU, and the selectivity is between 20 and 30, we find that membrane systems can achieve low capture costs ($20 to $55 per ton) and high energy efficiencies (150 to 500 kWh per ton). A quantitative relationship between membrane properties and optimized process economics enables effective product development for commercial applications.

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary History / Časopis za Suvremenu Povijest is the property of Croatia Institute for History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the features of the industrial development of the Lower Volga Region in the pre-war years. The completion of some facilities, the implementation of rapid structural changes, the development of many types of new products, and the provision of sufficiently high rates of development contributed to the transformation of the region into a major industrial center. A comparative analysis of the industrial development of the region in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods proves the effectiveness of the socialist model of industrial development.

West Pomerania has become known in recent years as a national leader in green economic transformation. The purpose of the article is to present the evolution that West Pomerania has undergone, from a region whose economic importance in the post-war period was based primarily on environmentally burdensome industry, to an area at the forefront of economic modernisation and implementation of the European Green Deal. The reason for the change in the direction of development after 1989 was, on the one hand, the deep economic crisis of the first years of political transition – characterised by a radical decline in industrial production, based on outdated and environmentally harmful solutions and, on the other hand, Poland’s accession and entry into the European Union and access to huge financial resources from subsequent programs and funds. In addition, the increase in environmental awareness, technological progress and the requirements of competitiveness of the market economy have led to increasing investment in economic transformation based on green ventures. The research used literature on the subject, industry publications, reports and studies, basic methods of descriptive statistics and analysis of development trends. As the analysis shows, due to its natural conditions and industry specialisation, the evolution of West Pomerania into an environmentally friendly area is based on investments in renewable energy sources (RES), with a particular focus on the wind power sector, including offshore. The development of RES is gradual but systemic, and this is confirmed by the use of increasing funds for this purpose, including from EU regional programs. Although progress toward decarbonisation and “greening” of the region faces some problems, it is hoped that they will be overcome. Indeed, local authorities stress that the transition to a climate-neutral economy is a priority for West Pomerania.

Abstract This study aims to estimate the amount of air pollutants emitted from heavy industrial facilities in North Korea. The heavy industry sector in North Korea was classified according to the South Korean definition, and the air pollutant emissions that it generated were estimated for 2017. Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur oxides (SOx) by the heavy industry sector in North Korea were 22, 73, and 31%, respectively, of those in South Korea’ air pollutant emissions. Moreover, the CO, NOx, and SOx emissions comprised 0.6, 124, and 24%, respectively, of the total air pollutant emission in North Korea estimated from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 5.0 (EDGAR v5.0). Geographically, the NOx emissions were concentrated in the western part of North Korea, while CO and SOx were concentrated in North Hamgyong Province.

The relevance of the article lies in the significant reduction of the mammal population in the areas of heavy industry enterprises located in Kazakhstan. The aim of the research is to investigate the technogenic pollution's impact level on the representatives of the species of Rodents and Insectivores order in Northern Kazakhstan. The result of the work on the analysis of the species composition of small mammals in the technogenic territories of Northern Kazakhstan in comparison with the control zone in 2021 is presented. Technogenic sites were located in the vicinity of industrial enterprises. The following methods were used in the study: complex analysis, the method of record lines, and the method of statistical data processing. During the study, 15 species of animals were noted at all sites: 11 species of the Rodentia order and 4 species of representatives of the Eulipotyphla order. The registered animals were classified according to their distance from the emission sources. The dominance index was calculated. The calculation results were marked by low indicators in the impact and buffer territories and an increase in the background and control areas. All plots have dominant species. With the increase in anthropogenic influence and the approximation of the sources of emissions, the number of small mammal species decreases, the structure is simplified, and biodiversity is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a proposal to apply the concepts of biorubbles and bioruins in relation to post-industrial sites. On the basis of field observations and critical analysis of concepts such as post-industrial places, technofact, ruin or indunatura, the author tries to propose an approach closer to the non-anthropocentric understanding of landscape, in which the emphasis is primarily on the vital nature of destruction and waste. In the detailed part, the article proposes an analysis of artistic projects, e.g. Marcin Doś, Mona Tusz and Diana Lelonek, as well as revitalized or abandoned post-industrial sites (including the Grodziec cement plant and the site of the Orzegów coking plant in Ruda Śląska). The author presents the natural overgrowing of post-industrial rubble as an alternative to planned revitalization, which from the point of view of nature's needs seems to be a much more successful action than the planned reconstruction of the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the industries with high energy-extensive consumption in China, the carbon emissions (CO2-E) generated by heavy industry cannot be ignored. However, the related literatures that take heavy industry energy-related CO2-E as the research object in the past mainly focus on the index decomposition model (IDM), econometric analysis, and other aspects. At present, few literatures use the structural decomposition model (SDM) to analyze the CO2-E and influencing factors of the industry from the perspective of input–output (I-O) analysis. This perspective and model can unify the supply side and demand side energy-related CO2-E of the heavy industry, which is conducive to a more comprehensive analysis of the heavy industry energy-related CO2-E and further various direct and indirect influencing factors. Based on this, this paper employs the energy consumption method (ECM), the I-O analysis method, and SDM to examine the energy-related CO2-E and influencing factors of China's heavy industry. The findings show that while the growth tendency of China's heavy industry energy-related CO2-E has been effectively controlled within the sample interval. Simultaneously, the supply side's optimization of the energy consumption structure (ECS), the upgrading of energy utilization technologies, and the generalized technological progress rate (GTPR) reflecting the input structure effect (ISE) have an inhibitory effect on the heavy industry's energy-related CO2-E, while the final demand effect (FDE) has an increasing effect on the energy-related CO2-E in the heavy industry, indicating that the products produced by the heavy industry are still characterized by high carbonation. This paper not only further enriches the existing research literature on energy-related CO2-E from the heavy industry in theory, but also provides guidance for efficient control of excessive growth of energy-related CO2-E from the perspective of input and output for the heavy industry in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 35 % high-temperature waste heat in the steel industry is carried by blast furnace slag and steelmaking slag, and thermal radiation is a primary pathway for this waste heat to dissipate into the ambient environment. Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems can convert short-wavelength thermal radiation into electrical energy, but the long-wavelength radiation is still wasted. Here, this work introduces a concept of spectral-splitting (SS) for full-spectrum thermal radiation utilization, allowing simultaneous waste heat recovery by TPV and heat-to-power methods such as Stirling engine (SE). To further demonstrate this concept, an SS TPV-SE system is designed. An optical transmission window of 0–1.7 μm is applied for TPV, and an over 5 μm absorption window is applied for SE. Results show that, with a 0.1 × 1 m molten slag chute, the SS TPV-SE system yields an output power of over 1300 W and achieves an overall efficiency of around 19 %, resulting in an about 58 % improvement compared to the standalone TPV system, and leads to a CO 2 emission reduction of 7516 kg/year. Provided the improved energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, the spectral-splitting concept presented in this work provides a promising approach to enhancing waste heat recovery in the steel industry. • A novel concept of spectral-splitting and cascade utilization of thermal radiation is introduced. • A SS TPV-SE structure for waste heat recovery in steel industry is developed and evaluated. • Numerical simulations are performed to optimize the operating parameters of the SS TPV-SE system. • A comparison is conducted between the SS TPV-SE system and existed WHR methods in terms of efficiency and output power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bazı meslekler, barındırdığı zorluklar sebebiyle diğer meslek gruplarından ayrışabilmektedir. Ağır sanayi çalışanlarının yaşam kaliteleri, barındırdığı zorluklar sebebi ile önemli bir konudur. Bu çalışmada demir-çelik ve makine sanayinde çalışan 38 ağır sanayi çalışanı ile yapılan anketler değerlendirilerek demografik özelliklerinin yaşam kaliteleri üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Kurulan hipotezler, Kısmi En Küçük Kareler Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (KEKK-YEM) ve Smart PLS 3 paket programı ile test edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda kabul edilen hipotezleri etki derecelerine göre sıralamak için çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada bulanık karar verme yaklaşımı olarak AHP bütünleşik TOPSIS yöntemi kullanılmış ve hipotezlerin etki derecelerine göre sıralamasının KEKK-YEM analizinin sonuçlarını desteklediği görülmüştür. Analiz sonucunda 7 hipotez kabul edilmiştir. Her iki yöntemde de H20 hipotezinin yani eğitim düzeyinin çevresel koşullar üzerindeki etkisinin en yüksek etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmamızda ele aldığımız KEKK-YEM analizi ve bulanık AHP bütünleşik TOPSIS yöntemi, ağır sanayi çalışanlarının demografik özelliklerinin yaşam kaliteleri üzerindeki etkisini belirleme probleminde literatürde ilk defa kullanılmıştır.

Copyright of Revista de Comunicación 'Vivat Academia' is the property of Facultad de Ciencias de las Informacion de la Universidad Complutense (Espana) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obsolescence is an important consideration in the management and engineering of heavy industrial facilities. Examples of these could include refineries, chemical plants, and other large‐scale materials processing facilities. These facilities have lifetimes of many decades but operate on software, automation hardware, and other electrical equipment that reaches obsolescence much sooner than the rotating equipment, unit operations, and other major systems of the facility. This work proposes a method to manage obsolescence of automation and electrical systems at industrial sites. This risk management method was developed by first analyzing a database of upgrade projects at several industrial sites and identifying parts that had been replaced due to obsolescence. The analysis was used to prioritize replacement of obsolescent parts based on the average operational lifespans, their criticality in operations, their manufacturer's continued production state, and other factors. Based on those results, a taxonomy of obsolescence risk, and a risk assessment plan were developed to manage the replacement of parts. The value of this proposed management strategy was validated through its application to 13 heavy industrial facilities. The results indicate a reduction of roughly 70% in reactive replacements due to obsolescence after the major upgrade and a 24% reduction in unplanned downtime due to part failure during normal operations. While this study is focused on heavy industries, the proposed method for identifying and managing component obsolescence can be applied to other industries and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary History / Časopis za Suvremenu Povijest is the property of Croatia Institute for History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Social Science Institute is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Social Science Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, one of the priorities of the Hungarian government was the creation of a railway network that would facilitate the economic development of the country. The boom in railway constructions and the general demand for iron products in the economy stimulated the investments in the metallurgic industry. Transylvania, the easternmost statistical region of the Kingdom of Hungary, was one of the richest lands in iron ore and coal. The state iron ore mines and furnaces around Hunedoara and the private company at Cãlan (Kalán, Klandorf) became the most important actors in the field. The state investments in Hunedoara and the German (later Viennese) capital inflow to Cãlan increased the production capacities and the quality of the products. The need for coal of the developing railway network encouraged coalmining. In Transylvania, the 1880s saw the beginning of large-scale coalmining in the Jiu Valley. Alongside the State Coal Mining Company, two large companies and a smaller private business were interested in the region. The French, and the Viennese capital in partnership with the big investors from Budapest, brought about the most important industrial developments in the southwestern part of Transylvania. Apart from coal extraction, they were interested in the processing of brown coal. The Uricani-Jiu Valley Company (with French and Austrian capital) also built coke ovens and a benzene distillery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores how Dortmund's municipal government propagated a concept of city-citizenship and belonging for new arrivals by mediating between expellee, refugee and migrant communities and 'native' civil society in the 1940s-1950s. The devastation of Dortmund during the Second World War, and the housing and energy shortages that followed, meant that the arrival of over a hundred thousand expellees and refugees in 1945–1960 placed severe strains on municipal resources while exacerbating conflicts between 'native' Dortmunders and new arrivals. The success of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in building a hegemonic position in postwar politics and administration by the late 1940s facilitated the coordination of municipal efforts to foster inter-community relations and introduce new populations to city life. Within the city council and government, in expellee meetings, and in municipal events we observe sustained municipal efforts to 1) exert social control over expellee/refugee arrivals to deflect anger at the poor conditions of the reconstruction period away from municipal officials and 2) inculcate taboos based on peace and democratic norms to delegitimise the politics of inter-community resentment. It concludes by tracing how official narratives and municipal practices constructed in the 1940s-50s were redeployed during the arrival of guest workers in the 1960s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Icelandic Review on Politics & Administration is the property of Institute of Public Administration & Politics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Heavy industry emits many potentially hazardous pollutants into the air which can affect health. However, the effects of air pollution from heavy industry on lung function and respiratory symptoms have been investigated scarcely. Our aim was to investigate the associations of long-term air pollution from heavy industry with lung function and respiratory symptoms in school children. Methods A cross-sectional lung function study was conducted among school children (7–13 years) in the vicinity of an area with heavy industry. Lung function measurements were conducted during school hours. Parents of the children were asked to complete a questionnaire about the health of their children. A dispersion model was used to characterize the additional individual-level exposures to air pollutants from the industry in the area. Associations between PM2.5 and NOX exposure with lung function and presence of respiratory symptoms were investigated by linear and/or logistic regression analysis. Results Participation in the lung function measurements and questionnaires was 84% (665/787) and 77% (603/787), respectively. The range of the elevated PM2.5 and NOX five years average concentrations (2008–2012) due to heavy industry were 0.04–1.59 μg/m3 and 0.74–11.33 μg/m3 respectively. After adjustment for confounders higher exposure to PM2.5 and NOX (per interquartile range of 0.56 and 7.43 μg/m3 respectively) was associated with lower percent predicted peak expiratory flow (PEF) (B -2.80%, 95%CI -5.05% to − 0.55% and B -3.67%, 95%CI -6.93% to − 0.42% respectively). Higher exposure to NOX (per interquartile range of 7.43 μg/m3) was also associated with lower percent forced vital capacity (FVC) and percent predicted forced expiration volume in 1 s (FEV1) (B -2.30, 95% CI -4.55 to − 0.05 and B -2.73, 95%CI -5.21 to − 0.25 respectively). No significant associations were found between the additional exposure to PM2.5 or NOX and respiratory symptoms except for PM2.5 and dry cough (OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.94). Conclusion Exposure to PM2.5 and NOX from industry was associated with decreased lung function. Exposure to PM2.5 was also associated with parents’ reports of dry cough among their children.

Negotiations over wages have always been a central part of industrial relations in capitalist economies. The unstable value of money in the 19th and 20th centuries has made these negotiations both crucial and complex. Linking contemporary understandings of monetary values to wage bargaining provides an important historical background for a better understanding of real wage developments and the agency of workers. Adopting a comparative perspective, this paper discusses how managers and workers dealt with changing monetary values in Germany and the United States from the 1870s to the immediate aftermath of the First World War. The paper also discusses the extent to which actors understood the instability of their respective currencies' purchasing power and whether their perceptions changed over time. The paper reveals that negotiations were never exclusively shaped and guided by concepts such as inflation or the 'cost of living' in both countries but that the importance of the concepts changed with the level of price fluctuations and institutional setting. Indices could achieve a dominant role only in exceptional circumstances due to their artificial and contestable nature, their neglect of the complexity of workers' job contexts and living environments, and their normative implications concerning wage demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the strategic role of policymakers in shielding the interest of Malaysia's domestic automotive producers. Policy arrangements formed by certain elites and national car makers have enabled coordination and mobilization of economic preferences in the latest version of the National Automotive Policy (NAP). Despite liberalization initiatives, the strategic role of policy actors in policy-making institutions has allowed some parties to tweak policy terms in favour of national car makers and local vendors. Although it may appear that the NAP is opening up the industry, actual pro-market reforms have been limited. This is inevitable due to the historical specificity and political considerations embedded in the country's policy-making institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Price distortion correction is considered an effective way to improve the energy consumption structure (ECS) in the era of carbon neutrality. However, the quantitative relationship between multiple energy price distortions and ECS has not been verified from the sector's perspective. Taking China's heavy industry as the research sample, we first estimate multiple energy price distortions (including coal, oil, and natural gas) from 2003 to 2019. Then, we employ the system generalized method of moments model to explore the impact of price distortion on ECS. On this basis, we further apply the input– output price and price- shifting models to analyze potential ECS improvement resulting from price distortion correction. The main results indicate the following: (1) The price distortion of natural gas is the most serious (− 25.54%), followed by oil (−15.99%) and coal (−7.25%). (2) The effects of absolute price distortion of coal and natural gas on ECS are positive, while oil price distortion negatively affects ECS. And relative price distortion for oil negatively affects ECS, while natural gas exerts a positive effect. (3) Removing the price distortion of coal and natural gas and slightly increasing the oil price will significantly improve the ECS without price control. Eliminating distortions of coal or natural gas individually under price controls would have a greater positive impact on ECS upgrade than that under non-price control. The results may offer policy support for the low-carbon transition of China's heavy industry. • Multiple energy price distortions in China's heavy industry are estimated. • The effect of price distortion on energy consumption structure is explored. • We explore potential upgrade of energy structure led by distortion correction. • We analyze the chain reaction of price change under price control and non-control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel structure for industrial demand response aggregators (IDRAs) to provide operational flexibility for the power system. A robust self-scheduling approach is formulated for the first time to optimize different sub-processes of the whole production line of heavy industries. The new approach satisfies the customer order with the lowest energy cost. Numerical studies are implemented on eight integrated cement factories, from Khorasan Regional Electric Company, in the east of Iran. The results show that the integrated model of heavy industries provides guaranteed flexibility to the system when a power shortage occurs or system reliability is jeopardized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a part of Turkey's economy has been analyzed by political-economy perspective in case of heavy industry problem of Atatürk era. This problem is related to historical and material conditions that prevent the passage of heavy industry. Because these conditions are heavy, the development process based on heavy industry has become clogged and the expected miracle has not occurred. Atatürk era could be a Westernization period but not heavy industry period. Because there was not heavy industry in Atatürk era but there was an intense will and craving. There was not only money and capital but also balance budget discipline to activate this will; so, will became dysfunctional. Heavy industrialism was an element of Atatürk's pragmatic model of development but remained weak as a component in their historical context. This period was a source of great inspiration and experience as a the antithesis of the One-Party and the National Chief that continues its political spectrum and power a decade in 1950s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the sources and concentrations of heavy metals in atmospheric PM10, a total of 144 samples were collected in two areas of Handan, China. The metal contents of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb in the sample were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Contamination characteristics and sources were analysed by the geo-accumulation index and the enrichment factor method. Results indicated that heavy metal elements Mn, Cu, and Pb accounted for 96.9% of the total concentration. In addition, the seasonal levels of concentrations of the six elements from high to low were in the order of winter > fall > spring > summer. In both areas, the metal contents of Cd, Pb, and Cu were at levels 6, 4 and 2, respectively. Co and Ni were not considered polluting elements. The element Cd was mainly from anthropogenic sources, while the element Mn was mainly from natural sources. The enrichment factor values of Cu and Pb were between 10 and 100. The study revealed that pollution by heavy metals in industrialised cities is astounding, and leads to serious consequences for human health. Urgent measures are required to reinforce prevention and control of this pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]