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Background: Long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) is a rare inherited disease caused by pathogenic variants of HADHA gene. Along with signs common to fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD), specific retina and heart alterations are observed. Because long-chain fatty acid oxidation is selectively affected, supplementations with short/medium-chain fats represent energetic sources bypassing the enzymatic blockade. Here, we report on an atypical presentation of the disease., Methods: Clinical features were described with medical explorations including ophthalmic and cardiac examination. Biological underlying defects were investigated by measurements of biochemical metabolites and by fluxomic studies of mitochondrial β-oxidation. Whole exome sequencing and molecular validation of variants confirmed the diagnosis., Results: The patient has developed at nine years an unlabeled maculopathy, and at 28 years, an acute cardiac decompensation without any premise. Blood individual acylcarnitine analysis showed a rise in hydroxylated long-chain fatty acids and fluxomic studies validated enzyme blockade consistent with LCHADD. Genetic analysis revealed the common p.(Glu510Gln) variant in HADHA , in trans with a novel variant c.1108G > A, p.(Gly370Arg) located in the NAD binding domain. Patient pathology was responsive to triheptanoin supplementation., Conclusion: This atypical LCHADD form report should encourage the early assessment of biochemical and genetic testing as a specific management is recommended (combination with fast avoidance, low fat-high carbohydrate diet, medium-even-chain triglycerides or triheptanoin supplementation)., Competing Interests: No conflicting relationship exists for any author., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Background: Previous studies have shown that pulmonary hypertension is a predictor of mortality in patients with systolic heart failure (SHF). Persistent pulmonary hypertension after a reactivity test is associated with a worse outcome after transplantation. Recent studies have shown the utility of different haemodynamic parameters., Aims: To define best haemodynamic parameters for risk stratification in patients with advanced systolic heart failure., Methods: We included 425 consecutive patients who underwent a right heart catheterization with an inotropic challenge if indicated., Results: During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 1.67 (0.49-4.49) years, there were 151 major cardiac events (126 cardiovascular deaths and 25 postoperative deaths after ventricular assist device implantation or heart transplantation). The most powerful independent predictors of major cardiac events were baseline right atrial pressure (RAP) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.12; P<0.0001) and baseline pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.17; P=0.002). After inotropic challenge, the only independent predictor was mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.09; P<0.0001). The combination of PVR (≤or>3 Wood units), RAP (30mmHg) was the best predictor of major events., Conclusion: We suggest using a simple algorithm based on baseline PVR, baseline RAP and mPAP after the inotropic challenge for the risk stratification of stable patients with advanced systolic heart failure., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Heart transplantation in a recipient with giant left atrium is rare. To correct the mismatch between recipient and donor at the level of the left atrium, plication of the left atrium has been proposed. We report a case in which plication was not feasible owing to significant calcification of the left atrial wall and tight pericardial adhesions resulting from two previous sternotomies. Creating a pulmonary venous confluence allows orthotopic heart transplantation with any size of left atrium and conformation of pulmonary veins in cases of significant calcification or redo sternotomy., (Copyright © 2021 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Although several risk factors such as infarct size have been identified, the progression of heart failure (HF) remains difficult to predict in clinical practice. Using an experimental rat model of post-myocardial infarction (MI), we previously identified 45 proteins differentially modulated during HF by proteomic analysis. This study sought to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) able to regulate these proteins and to test their relevance as biomarkers for HF. In silico bioinformatical analysis selected 13 miRNAs related to the 45 proteins previously identified. These miRNAs were analyzed in the rat and in cohorts of patients phenotyped for left ventricular remodeling (LVR). We identified that 3 miRNAs, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p and miR-222-3p, and their target Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD2) were significantly increased in LV and plasma of HF-rats. We found by luciferase activity a direct interaction of miR-222-3p with 3'UTR of SOD2. Transfection of human cardiomyocytes with miR-222-3p mimic or inhibitor induced respectively a decrease and an increase of SOD2 expression. Circulating levels of the 3 miRNAs and their target SOD2 were associated with high LVR post-MI in REVE-2 patients. We demonstrated for the first time the potential of microRNAs regulating SOD2 as new circulating biomarkers of HF.