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35,659 results on '"Hecker, A."'

1. Spin structure of diatomic van der Waal molecules of alkali atoms

Author

Li, Jing-Lun, Julienne, Paul S., Denschlag, Johannes Hecker, and D'Incao, José P.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We theoretically investigate the spin structure of weakly bound diatomic van der Waals molecules formed by two identical bosonic alkali atoms. Our studies were performed using known Born-Oppenheimer potentials while developing a reduced interaction potential model. Such reduced potential models are currently a key for solving certain classes of few-body problems of atoms as they decrease the numerical burden on the computation. Although the reduced potentials are significantly shallower than actual Born-Oppenheimer potentials, they still capture the main properties of the near-threshold bound states, including their spin structure, and the scattering states over a broad range of magnetic fields. At zero magnetic field, we find that the variation in spin structure across different alkali species originates from the interplay between electronic spin exchange and hyperfine interactions. To characterize this competition we introduce a single parameter, which is a function of the singlet and triplet scattering lengths, the atomic hyperfine splitting constant, and the molecular binding energy. We show that this parameter can be used to classify the spin structure of vdW molecules for each atomic species.

Published
2024

2. Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in anticoagulated patients with acute distal and medium vessel stroke.

Author

Salim, Hamza, Musmar, Basel, Adeeb, Nimer, Yedavalli, Vivek, Lakhani, Dhairya, Grewal, Sahibjot, El Naamani, Kareem, Henninger, Nils, Sundararajan, Sri, Kühn, Anna, Khalife, Jane, Ghozy, Sherief, Scarcia, Luca, Tan, Benjamin, Regenhardt, Robert, Heit, Jeremy, Cancelliere, Nicole, Bernstock, Joshua, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Fiehler, Jens, Sheth, Sunil, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Colasurdo, Marco, Barreau, Xavier, Renieri, Leonardo, Filipe, João, Harker, Pablo, Radu, Răzvan, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Marotta, Thomas, Spears, Julian, Ota, Takahiro, Mowla, Ashkan, Jabbour, Pascal, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Siegler, James, Nguyen, Thanh, Varela, Ricardo, Baker, Amanda, Essibayi, Muhammed, Altschul, David, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Costalat, Vincent, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian, Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad, Hecker, Constantin, Shaikh, Hamza, Liebeskind, David, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Alexandre, Andrea, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias, Kalsoum, Erwah, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, Guenego, Adrien, and Dmytriw, Adam

Subjects
Stroke, anticoagulation, thrombectomy, Humans, Aged, Male, Female, Anticoagulants, Retrospective Studies, Ischemic Stroke, Aged, 80 and over, Thrombectomy, Treatment Outcome, Middle Aged, Stroke
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Stroke remains a major health concern globally, with oral anticoagulants widely prescribed for stroke prevention. The efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in anticoagulated patients with distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVO) are not well understood. METHODS: This retrospective analysis involved 1282 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who underwent MT in 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe from September 2017 to July 2023. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, treatment specifics, and outcomes were collected. The primary outcomes were functional outcomes at 90 days post-MT, measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Secondary outcomes included reperfusion rates, mortality, and hemorrhagic complications. RESULTS: Of the patients, 223 (34%) were on anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulated patients were older (median age 78 vs 74 years; p

Published
2024

3. Endovascular therapy versus medical management in isolated posterior cerebral artery acute ischemic stroke: A multinational multicenter propensity score-weighted study.

Author

Salim, Hamza, Pulli, Benjamin, Yedavalli, Vivek, Musmar, Basel, Adeeb, Nimer, Lakhani, Dhairya, Essibayi, Muhammed, El Naamani, Kareem, Henninger, Nils, Sundararajan, Sri, Kühn, Anna, Khalife, Jane, Ghozy, Sherief, Scarcia, Luca, Grewal, Inayat, Tan, Benjamin, Regenhardt, Robert, Heit, Jeremy, Cancelliere, Nicole, Bernstock, Joshua, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Fiehler, Jens, Sheth, Sunil, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Colasurdo, Marco, Barreau, Xavier, Renieri, Leonardo, Filipe, João, Harker, Pablo, Radu, Răzvan, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Marotta, Thomas, Spears, Julian, Ota, Takahiro, Mowla, Ashkan, Jabbour, Pascal, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Siegler, James, Nguyen, Thanh, Varela, Ricardo, Baker, Amanda, Altschul, David, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Costalat, Vincent, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian, Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad, Hecker, Constantin, Shaikh, Hamza, Griessenauer, Christoph, Liebeskind, David, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Alexandre, Andrea, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias, Kalsoum, Erwah, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, Wintermark, Max, Guenego, Adrien, and Dmytriw, Adam

Subjects
Acute ischemic stroke, endovascular therapy, medical management, posterior cerebral artery, propensity score analysis
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite the proven effectiveness of endovascular therapy (EVT) in acute ischemic strokes (AIS) involving anterior circulation large vessel occlusions, isolated posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusions (iPCAo) remain underexplored in clinical trials. This study investigates the comparative effectiveness and safety of EVT against medical management (MM) in patients with iPCAo. METHODS: This multinational, multicenter propensity score-weighted study analyzed data from the Multicenter Analysis of primary Distal medium vessel occlusions: effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy (MAD-MT) registry, involving 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe. We included iPCAo patients treated with either EVT or MM. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days, with secondary outcomes including functional independence, mortality, and safety profiles such as hemorrhagic complications. RESULTS: A total of 177 patients were analyzed (88 MM and 89 EVT). EVT showed a statistically significant improvement in 90-day mRS scores (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30-1.00, p = 0.048), functional independence (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.02-6.20, p = 0.045), and a reduction in 90-day mortality (OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.03-0.54, p = 0.006) compared to MM. Hemorrhagic complications were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: EVT for iPCAo is associated with better neurological outcomes and lower mortality compared to MM, without an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. Nevertheless, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the studys observational design. The findings are hypothesis-generating and highlight the need for future randomized controlled trials to confirm these observations and establish definitive treatment guidelines for this patient population.

Published
2024

4. Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF): the WSES and CWIS position paper.

Author

Sermonesi, Giacomo, Bertelli, Riccardo, Pieracci, Fredric, Balogh, Zsolt, Coimbra, Raul, Galante, Joseph, Hecker, Andreas, Weber, Dieter, Bauman, Zachary, Kartiko, Susan, Patel, Bhavik, Whitbeck, SarahAnn, White, Thomas, Harrell, Kevin, Perrina, Daniele, Rampini, Alessia, Tian, Brian, Amico, Francesco, Beka, Solomon, Bonavina, Luigi, Ceresoli, Marco, Cobianchi, Lorenzo, Coccolini, Federico, Cui, Yunfeng, Dal Mas, Francesca, De Simone, Belinda, Di Carlo, Isidoro, Di Saverio, Salomone, Dogjani, Agron, Fette, Andreas, Fraga, Gustavo, Gomes, Carlos, Khan, Jim, Kirkpatrick, Andrew, Kruger, Vitor, Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Mingoli, Andrea, Navarro, David, Passera, Eliseo, Pisano, Michele, Podda, Mauro, Russo, Emanuele, Sakakushev, Boris, Santonastaso, Domenico, Sartelli, Massimo, Shelat, Vishal, Tan, Edward, Wani, Imtiaz, Abu-Zidan, Fikri, Biffl, Walter, Civil, Ian, Latifi, Rifat, Marzi, Ingo, Picetti, Edoardo, Pikoulis, Manos, Agnoletti, Vanni, Bravi, Francesca, Vallicelli, Carlo, Ansaloni, Luca, Moore, Ernest, and Catena, Fausto

Subjects
Consensus, Flail chest, Guidelines, Minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO), Multiple rib fractures, Operative reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), Rib fixation, Rib fractures, Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF), Thoracic/chest trauma injury, Video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS), Rib Fractures, Humans, Fracture Fixation
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Rib fractures are one of the most common traumatic injuries and may result in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite growing evidence, technological advances and increasing acceptance, surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) remains not uniformly considered in trauma centers. Indications, contraindications, appropriate timing, surgical approaches and utilized implants are part of an ongoing debate. The present position paper, which is endorsed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), and supported by the Chest Wall Injury Society, aims to provide a review of the literature investigating the use of SSRF in rib fracture management to develop graded position statements, providing an updated guide and reference for SSRF. METHODS: This position paper was developed according to the WSES methodology. A steering committee performed the literature review and drafted the position paper. An international panel of experts then critically revised the manuscript and discussed it in detail, to develop a consensus on the position statements. RESULTS: A total of 287 studies (systematic reviews, randomized clinical trial, prospective and retrospective comparative studies, case series, original articles) have been selected from an initial pool of 9928 studies. Thirty-nine graded position statements were put forward to address eight crucial aspects of SSRF: surgical indications, contraindications, optimal timing of surgery, preoperative imaging evaluation, rib fracture sites for surgical fixation, management of concurrent thoracic injuries, surgical approach, stabilization methods and material selection. CONCLUSION: This consensus document addresses the key focus questions on surgical treatment of rib fractures. The expert recommendations clarify current evidences on SSRF indications, timing, operative planning, approaches and techniques, with the aim to guide clinicians in optimizing the management of rib fractures, to improve patient outcomes and direct future research.

Published
2024

5. Gate-defined flat-band charge carrier confinement in twisted bilayer graphene

Author

Rothstein, Alexander, Fischer, Ammon, Achtermann, Anthony, Icking, Eike, Hecker, Katrin, Banszerus, Luca, Otto, Martin, Trellenkamp, Stefan, Lentz, Florian, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Beschoten, Bernd, Dolleman, Robin J., Kennes, Dante M., and Stampfer, Christoph

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) near the magic angle is an interesting platform to study correlated electronic phases. These phases are gate-tunable and are closely related to the presence of flat electronic bands, isolated by single-particle band gaps. This allows electrostatically controlled confinement of charge carriers in the flat bands to explore the interplay between confinement, band renormalisation, electron-electron interactions and the moir\'e superlattice, potentially revealing key mechanisms underlying these electronic phases. Here, we show gate-controlled flat-band charge carrier confinement in near-magic-angle tBLG, resulting in well-tunable Coulomb blockade resonances arising from the charging of electrostatically defined islands in tBLG. Coulomb resonance measurements allow to study magnetic field-induced quantum oscillations in the density of states of the source-drain reservoirs, providing insight into the gate-tunable Fermi surfaces of tBLG. Comparison with tight-binding calculations emphasises the importance of displacement-field-induced band renormalisation, which is crucial for future advanced gate-tunable quantum devices and circuits in tBLG., Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures

Published
2024

6. Controlling few-body reaction pathways using a Feshbach resonance

Author

Haze, Shinsuke, Li, Jinglun, Dorer, Dominik, D'Incao, José P., Julienne, Paul S., Tiemann, Eberhard, Deiß, Markus, and Denschlag, Johannes Hecker

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Gaining control over chemical reactions on the quantum level is a central goal of the modern field of cold and ultracold chemistry. Here, we demonstrate a novel method to coherently steer reaction flux of a three-body recombination process across different product spin channels. For this, we employ a magnetically-tunable Feshbach resonance to admix, in a controlled way, a specific spin state to the reacting collision complex. This allows for the control of the reaction flux into the admixed spin channel, which can be used to significantly change the reaction products. Furthermore, we also investigate the influence of an Efimov resonance on the reaction dynamics. We find that while the Efimov resonance can be used to globally enhance three-body recombination, the relative flux between the reaction channels remains unchanged. Our control scheme is general and can be extended to other reaction processes. It also provides new opportunities in combination with other control schemes, such as quantum interference of reaction paths., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

7. Spin hierarchy in van der Waals molecule formation via ultracold three-body recombination

Author

Li, Jing-Lun, Julienne, Paul S., Denschlag, Johannes Hecker, and D'Incao, José P.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We theoretically investigate the product-state distribution of weakly bound diatomic van der Waals molecules via ultracold three-body recombination of bosonic alkali atoms. We find a two-level hierarchy of spin propensity rules at zero magnetic field. The primary propensity rule states that nearly all molecular products conserve the total hyperfine spin of reactant atomic pairs, while molecular products not conserving the total spin are highly suppressed. For the dominant molecular products, there is a secondary propensity to conserve certain spin components of the reactant pair such as the atomic hyperfine spins, or the total electronic or nuclear spins. The second propensity varies across species and depends fundamentally on the interplay between effective electronic exchange and hyperfine interactions. The spin sensitivity of product-state distribution can potentially open up new avenues for controlling state-to-state reaction rates in ultracold three-body recombination.

Published
2024

8. Predictive value of follow-up infarct volume on functional outcomes in middle cerebral artery M2 segment vessel occlusion stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy.

Author

Yedavalli, Vivek, Salim, Hamza, Musmar, Basel, Adeeb, Nimer, El Naamani, Kareem, Henninger, Nils, Sundararajan, Sri, Kühn, Anna, Khalife, Jane, Ghozy, Sherief, Scarcia, Luca, Tan, Benjamin, Regenhardt, Robert, Heit, Jeremy, Cancelliere, Nicole, Bernstock, Joshua, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Fiehler, Jens, Sheth, Sunil, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Colasurdo, Marco, Barreau, Xavier, Renieri, Leonardo, Filipe, João, Harker, Pablo, Radu, Răzvan, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Marotta, Thomas, Spears, Julian, Ota, Takahiro, Mowla, Ashkan, Jabbour, Pascal, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Siegler, James, Nguyen, Thanh, Varela, Ricardo, Baker, Amanda, Essibayi, Muhammed, Altschul, David, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Costalat, Vincent, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian, Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad, Hecker, Constantin, Shaikh, Hamza, Liebeskind, David, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Alexandre, Andrea, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias, Kalsoum, Erwah, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, Guenego, Adrien, and Dmytriw, Adam

Subjects
Stroke, follow-up infarct volume, mechanical thrombectomy, medium vessel occlusion
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) strokes, particularly affecting the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery, represent a critical proportion of acute ischemic strokes, posing significant challenges in management and outcome prediction. The efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in MeVO stroke may warrant reliable predictors of functional outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of follow-up infarct volume (FIV) for predicting 90-day functional outcomes in MeVO stroke patients undergoing MT. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Multicenter Analysis of primary Distal medium vessel occlusions: effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy (MAD-MT) registry, covering patients with acute ischemic stroke due to M2 segment occlusion treated with MT. We examined the relationship between 90-day functional outcomes, measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and follow-up infarct volume (FIV), assessed through CT or MRI within 12-36 h post-MT. RESULTS: Among 130 participants, specific FIV thresholds were identified with high specificity and sensitivity for predicting outcomes. A FIV ⩽5 ml was highly specific for predicting favorable and excellent outcomes. The optimal cut-off for both prognostications was identified at ⩽15 ml by the Youden Index, with significant reductions in the likelihood of favorable outcomes observed above a 40 ml threshold. Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) analyses confirmed FIV as a superior predictor of functional outcomes compared to traditional recanalization scores, such as final modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score (mTICI). Multivariable analysis further highlighted the inverse relationship between FIV and positive functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: FIV within 36 h post-MT serves as a potent predictor of 90-day functional outcomes in patients with M2 segment MeVO strokes. Establishing FIV thresholds may aid in the prognostication of stroke outcomes, suggesting a role for FIV in guiding post intervention treatment decisions and informing clinical practice. Future research should focus on validating these findings across diverse patient populations and exploring the integration of FIV measurements with other clinical and imaging markers to enhance outcome prediction accuracy.

Published
2024

9. Comprehensive analysis of local and nonlocal amplitudes in the $B^0\rightarrow K^{*0}\mu^+\mu^-$ decay

Author

LHCb collaboration, Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Beteta, C. Abellan, Abudinén, F., Ackernley, T., Adefisoye, A. A., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Adlarson, P., Agapopoulou, C., Aidala, C. A., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Akiba, K., Albicocco, P., Albrecht, J., Alessio, F., Alexander, M., Aliouche, Z., Cartelle, P. Alvarez, Amalric, R., Amato, S., Amey, J. L., Amhis, Y., An, L., Anderlini, L., Andersson, M., Andreianov, A., Andreola, P., Andreotti, M., Andreou, D., Anelli, A., Ao, D., Archilli, F., Argenton, M., Cuendis, S. Arguedas, Artamonov, A., Artuso, M., Aslanides, E., Da Silva, R. Ataide, Atzeni, M., Audurier, B., Bacher, D., Perea, I. Bachiller, Bachmann, S., Bachmayer, M., Back, J. J., Rodriguez, P. Baladron, Balagura, V., Baldini, W., Bao, H., Leite, J. Baptista de Souza, Barbetti, M., Barbosa, I. R., Barlow, R. J., Barnyakov, M., Barsuk, S., Barter, W., Bartolini, M., Bartz, J., Basels, J. M., Bassi, G., Batsukh, B., Bay, A., Beck, A., Becker, M., Bedeschi, F., Bediaga, I. B., Belin, S., Bellee, V., Belous, K., Belov, I., Belyaev, I., Benane, G., Bencivenni, G., Ben-Haim, E., Berezhnoy, A., Bernet, R., Andres, S. Bernet, Bertolin, A., Betancourt, C., Betti, F., Bex, J., Bezshyiko, Ia., Bhom, J., Bieker, M. S., Biesuz, N. V., Billoir, P., Biolchini, A., Birch, M., Bishop, F. C. R., Bitadze, A., Bizzeti, A., Blake, T., Blanc, F., Blank, J. E., Blusk, S., Bocharnikov, V., Boelhauve, J. A., Garcia, O. Boente, Boettcher, T., Bohare, A., Boldyrev, A., Bolognani, C. S., Bolzonella, R., Bondar, N., Borgato, F., Borghi, S., Borsato, M., Borsuk, J. T., Bouchiba, S. A., Bowcock, T. J. V., Boyer, A., Bozzi, C., Rodriguez, A. Brea, Breer, N., Brodzicka, J., Gonzalo, A. Brossa, Brown, J., Brundu, D., Buchanan, E., Buonaura, A., Buonincontri, L., Burke, A. T., Burr, C., Butkevich, A., Butter, J. S., Buytaert, J., Byczynski, W., Cadeddu, S., Cai, H., Calabrese, R., Ramirez, S. Calderon, Calefice, L., Cali, S., Calvi, M., Gomez, M. Calvo, Magalhaes, P. Camargo, Bouzas, J. I. Cambon, Campana, P., Perez, D. H. Campora, Quezada, A. F. Campoverde, Capelli, S., Capriotti, L., Caravaca-Mora, R., Carbone, A., Salgado, L. Carcedo, Cardinale, R., Cardini, A., Carniti, P., Carus, L., Vidal, A. Casais, Caspary, R., Casse, G., Godinez, J. Castro, Cattaneo, M., Cavallero, G., Cavallini, V., Celani, S., Cervenkov, D., Cesare, S., Chadwick, A. J., Chahrour, I., Charles, M., Charpentier, Ph., Chatzianagnostou, E., Barajas, C. A. Chavez, Chefdeville, M., Chen, C., Chen, S., Chen, Z., Chernov, A., Chernyshenko, S., Chobanova, V., Cholak, S., Chrzaszcz, M., Chubykin, A., Chulikov, V., Ciambrone, P., Vidal, X. Cid, Ciezarek, G., Cifra, P., Clarke, P. E. L., Clemencic, M., Cliff, H. V., Closier, J., Toapaxi, C. Cocha, Coco, V., Cogan, J., Cogneras, E., Cojocariu, L., Collins, P., Colombo, T., Comerma-Montells, A., Congedo, L., Contu, A., Cooke, N., Corredoira, I., Correia, A., Corti, G., Meldrum, J. J. Cottee, Couturier, B., Craik, D. C., Torres, M. Cruz, Rivera, E. Curras, Currie, R., Da Silva, C. L., Dadabaev, S., Dai, L., Dai, X., Dall'Occo, E., Dalseno, J., D'Ambrosio, C., Daniel, J., Danilina, A., d'Argent, P., Davidson, A., Davies, J. E., Davis, A., Francisco, O. De Aguiar, De Angelis, C., De Benedetti, F., de Boer, J., De Bruyn, K., De Capua, S., De Cian, M., Da Graca, U. De Freitas Carneiro, De Lucia, E., De Miranda, J. M., De Paula, L., De Serio, M., De Simone, P., De Vellis, F., de Vries, J. A., Debernardis, F., Decamp, D., Dedu, V., Del Buono, L., Delaney, B., Dembinski, H. -P., Deng, J., Denysenko, V., Deschamps, O., Dettori, F., Dey, B., Di Nezza, P., Diachkov, I., Didenko, S., Ding, S., Dittmann, L., Dobishuk, V., Docheva, A. D., Dong, C., Donohoe, A. M., Dordei, F., Reis, A. C. dos, Dowling, A. D., Duan, W., Duda, P., Dudek, M. W., Dufour, L., Duk, V., Durante, P., Duras, M. M., Durham, J. M., Durmus, O. D., Dziurda, A., Dzyuba, A., Easo, S., Eckstein, E., Egede, U., Egorychev, A., Egorychev, V., Eisenhardt, S., Ejopu, E., Eklund, L., Elashri, M., Ellbracht, J., Ely, S., Ene, A., Epple, E., Eschle, J., Esen, S., Evans, T., Fabiano, F., Falcao, L. N., Fan, Y., Fang, B., Fantini, L., Faria, M., Farmer, K., Fazzini, D., Felkowski, L., Feng, M., Feo, M., Gomez, M. Fernandez, Fernez, A. D., Ferrari, F., Rodrigues, F. Ferreira, Ferrillo, M., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Filippov, S., Fini, R. A., Fiorini, M., Fischer, K. M., Fitzgerald, D. S., Fitzpatrick, C., Fleuret, F., Fontana, M., Foreman, L. F., Forty, R., Foulds-Holt, D., Sevilla, M. Franco, Frank, M., Franzoso, E., Frau, G., Frei, C., Friday, D. A., Fu, J., Fuehring, Q., Fujii, Y., Fulghesu, T., Gabriel, E., Galati, G., Galati, M. D., Torreira, A. Gallas, Galli, D., Gambetta, S., Gandelman, M., Gandini, P., Ganie, B., Gao, H., Gao, R., Gao, Y., Garau, M., Martin, L. M. Garcia, Moreno, P. Garcia, Pardiñas, J. García, Garg, K. G., Garrido, L., Gaspar, C., Geertsema, R. E., Gerken, L. L., Gersabeck, E., Gersabeck, M., Gershon, T., Ghorbanimoghaddam, Z., Giambastiani, L., Giasemis, F. I., Gibson, V., Giemza, H. K., Gilman, A. L., Giovannetti, M., Gioventù, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Giugliano, C., Giza, M. A., Gkougkousis, E. L., Glaser, F. C., Gligorov, V. V., Göbel, C., Golobardes, E., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gomes, A., Fernandez, S. Gomez, Abrantes, F. Goncalves, Goncerz, M., Gong, G., Gooding, J. A., Gorelov, I. V., Gotti, C., Grabowski, J. P., Cardoso, L. A. Granado, Graugés, E., Graverini, E., Grazette, L., Graziani, G., Grecu, A. T., Greeven, L. M., Grieser, N. A., Grillo, L., Gromov, S., Gu, C., Guarise, M., Guittiere, M., Guliaeva, V., Günther, P. A., Guseinov, A. -K., Gushchin, E., Guz, Y., Gys, T., Habermann, K., Hadavizadeh, T., Hadjivasiliou, C., Haefeli, G., Haen, C., Haimberger, J., Hajheidari, M., Halvorsen, M. M., Hamilton, P. M., Hammerich, J., Han, Q., Han, X., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hao, L., Harnew, N., Hartmann, M., He, J., Hecker, M., Hemmer, F., Henderson, C., Henderson, R. D. L., Hennequin, A. M., Hennessy, K., Henry, L., Herd, J., Gascon, P. Herrero, Heuel, J., Hicheur, A., Mendizabal, G. Hijano, Hill, D., Hollitt, S. E., Horswill, J., Hou, R., Hou, Y., Howarth, N., Hu, J., Hu, W., Hu, X., Huang, W., Hulsbergen, W., Hunter, R. J., Hushchyn, M., Hutchcroft, D., Ilin, D., Ilten, P., Inglessi, A., Iniukhin, A., Ishteev, A., Ivshin, K., Jacobsson, R., Jage, H., Elles, S. J. Jaimes, Jakobsen, S., Jans, E., Jashal, B. K., Jawahery, A., Jevtic, V., Jiang, E., Jiang, X., Jiang, Y., Jiang, Y. J., John, M., Johnson, D., Jones, C. R., Jones, T. P., Joshi, S., Jost, B., Jurik, N., Juszczak, I., Kaminaris, D., Kandybei, S., Kane, M., Kang, Y., Kar, C., Karacson, M., Karpenkov, D., Kauniskangas, A., Kautz, J. W., Keizer, F., Kenzie, M., Ketel, T., Khanji, B., Kharisova, A., Kholodenko, S., Khreich, G., Kirn, T., Kirsebom, V. S., Kitouni, O., Klaver, S., Kleijne, N., Klimaszewski, K., Kmiec, M. R., Koliiev, S., Kolk, L., Konoplyannikov, A., Kopciewicz, P., Koppenburg, P., Korolev, M., Kostiuk, I., Kot, O., Kotriakhova, S., Kozachuk, A., Kravchenko, P., Kravchuk, L., Kreps, M., Krokovny, P., Krupa, W., Krzemien, W., Kshyvanskyi, O. K., Kubat, J., Kubis, S., Kucharczyk, M., Kudryavtsev, V., Kulikova, E., Kupsc, A., Kutsenko, B. K., Lacarrere, D., Lai, A., Lampis, A., Lancierini, D., Gomez, C. Landesa, Lane, J. J., Lane, R., Langenbruch, C., Langer, J., Lantwin, O., Latham, T., Lazzari, F., Lazzeroni, C., Gac, R. Le, Lefèvre, R., Leflat, A., Legotin, S., Lehuraux, M., Cid, E. Lemos, Leroy, O., Lesiak, T., Leverington, B., Li, A., Li, H., Li, K., Li, L., Li, P., Li, P. -R., Li, Q., Li, S., Li, T., Li, Y., Lian, Z., Liang, X., Libralon, S., Lin, C., Lin, T., Lindner, R., Lisovskyi, V., Litvinov, R., Liu, F. L., Liu, G., Liu, K., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. L., Salvia, A. Lobo, Loi, A., Castro, J. Lomba, Long, T., Lopes, J. H., Huertas, A. Lopez, Soliño, S. López, Lucarelli, C., Lucchesi, D., Martinez, M. Lucio, Lukashenko, V., Luo, Y., Lupato, A., Luppi, E., Lynch, K., Lyu, X. -R., Ma, G. M., Ma, R., Maccolini, S., Machefert, F., Maciuc, F., Mack, B., Mackay, I., Mackey, L. M., Mohan, L. R. Madhan, Madurai, M. M., Maevskiy, A., Magdalinski, D., Maisuzenko, D., Majewski, M. W., Malczewski, J. J., Malde, S., Malentacca, L., Malinin, A., Maltsev, T., Manca, G., Mancinelli, G., Mancuso, C., Escalero, R. Manera, Manuzzi, D., Marangotto, D., Marchand, J. F., Marchevski, R., Marconi, U., Mariani, S., Benito, C. Marin, Marks, J., Marshall, A. M., Martelli, G., Martellotti, G., Martinazzoli, L., Martinelli, M., Santos, D. Martinez, Vidal, F. Martinez, Massafferri, A., Matev, R., Mathad, A., Matiunin, V., Matteuzzi, C., Mattioli, K. R., Mauri, A., Maurice, E., Mauricio, J., Mayencourt, P., Mazurek, M., McCann, M., Mcconnell, L., McGrath, T. H., McHugh, N. T., McNab, A., McNulty, R., Meadows, B., Meier, G., Melnychuk, D., Meng, F. M., Merk, M., Merli, A., Garcia, L. Meyer, Miao, D., Miao, H., Mikhasenko, M., Milanes, D. A., Minotti, A., Minucci, E., Miralles, T., Mitreska, B., Mitzel, D. S., Modak, A., Mödden, A., Mohammed, R. A., Moise, R. D., Mokhnenko, S., Mombächer, T., Monk, M., Monteil, S., Gomez, A. Morcillo, Morello, G., Morello, M. J., Morgenthaler, M. P., Morris, A. B., Morris, A. G., Mountain, R., Mu, H., Mu, Z. M., Muhammad, E., Muheim, F., Mulder, M., Müller, K., Muñoz-Rojas, F., Murta, R., Naik, P., Nakada, T., Nandakumar, R., Nanut, T., Nasteva, I., Needham, M., Neri, N., Neubert, S., Neufeld, N., Neustroev, P., Nicolini, J., Nicotra, D., Niel, E. M., Nikitin, N., Nogarolli, P., Nogga, P., Nolte, N. S., Normand, C., Fernandez, J. Novoa, Nowak, G., Nunez, C., Nur, H. N., Oblakowska-Mucha, A., Obraztsov, V., Oeser, T., Okamura, S., Okhotnikov, A., Okhrimenko, O., Oldeman, R., Oliva, F., Olocco, M., Onderwater, C. J. G., O'Neil, R. H., Goicochea, J. M. Otalora, Owen, P., Oyanguren, A., Ozcelik, O., Padee, A., Padeken, K. O., Pagare, B., Pais, P. R., Pajero, T., Palano, A., Palutan, M., Panshin, G., Paolucci, L., Papanestis, A., Pappagallo, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Pappenheimer, C., Parkes, C., Passalacqua, B., Passaleva, G., Passaro, D., Pastore, A., Patel, M., Patoc, J., Patrignani, C., Paul, A., Pawley, C. J., Pellegrino, A., Peng, J., Altarelli, M. Pepe, Perazzini, S., Pereima, D., Da Costa, H. Pereira, Castro, A. Pereiro, Perret, P., Perro, A., Petridis, K., Petrolini, A., Pfaller, J. P., Pham, H., Pica, L., Piccini, M., Pietrzyk, B., Pietrzyk, G., Pinci, D., Pisani, F., Pizzichemi, M., Placinta, V., Casasus, M. Plo, Polci, F., Lener, M. Poli, Poluektov, A., Polukhina, N., Polyakov, I., Polycarpo, E., Pomery, G. J., Ponce, S., Popov, D., Poslavskii, S., Prasanth, K., Prouve, C., Pugatch, V., Punzi, G., Qasim, S., Qian, Q. Q., Qian, W., Qin, N., Qu, S., Quagliani, R., Trejo, R. I. Rabadan, Rademacker, J. H., Rama, M., García, M. Ramírez, De Oliveira, V. Ramos, Pernas, M. Ramos, Rangel, M. S., Ratnikov, F., Raven, G., De Miguel, M. Rebollo, Redi, F., Reich, J., Reiss, F., Ren, Z., Resmi, P. K., Ribatti, R., Ricart, G. R., Riccardi, D., Ricciardi, S., Richardson, K., Richardson-Slipper, M., Rinnert, K., Robbe, P., Robertson, G., Rodrigues, E., Fernandez, E. Rodriguez, Lopez, J. A. Rodriguez, Rodriguez, E. Rodriguez, Rogovskiy, A., Rolf, D. L., Roloff, P., Romanovskiy, V., Lamas, M. Romero, Vidal, A. Romero, Romolini, G., Ronchetti, F., Rong, T., Rotondo, M., Roy, S. R., Rudolph, M. S., Ruf, T., Diaz, M. Ruiz, Fernandez, R. A. Ruiz, Vidal, J. Ruiz, Ryzhikov, A., Ryzka, J., Saavedra-Arias, J. J., Silva, J. J. Saborido, Sadek, R., Sagidova, N., Sahoo, D., Sahoo, N., Saitta, B., Salomoni, M., Gras, C. Sanchez, Sanderswood, I., Santacesaria, R., Rios, C. Santamarina, Santimaria, M., Santoro, L., Santovetti, E., Saputi, A., Saranin, D., Sarnatskiy, A. S., Sarpis, G., Sarpis, M., Satriano, C., Satta, A., Saur, M., Savrina, D., Sazak, H., Smead, L. G. Scantlebury, Scarabotto, A., Schael, S., Scherl, S., Schiller, M., Schindler, H., Schmelling, M., Schmidt, B., Schmitt, S., Schmitz, H., Schneider, O., Schopper, A., Schulte, N., Schulte, S., Schune, M. H., Schwemmer, R., Schwering, G., Sciascia, B., Sciuccati, A., Sellam, S., Semennikov, A., Senger, T., Soares, M. Senghi, Sergi, A., Serra, N., Sestini, L., Seuthe, A., Shang, Y., Shangase, D. M., Shapkin, M., Sharma, R. S., Shchemerov, I., Shchutska, L., Shears, T., Shekhtman, L., Shen, Z., Sheng, S., Shevchenko, V., Shi, B., Shi, Q., Shimizu, Y., Shmanin, E., Shorkin, R., Shupperd, J. D., Coutinho, R. Silva, Simi, G., Simone, S., Skidmore, N., Skwarnicki, T., Slater, M. W., Smallwood, J. C., Smith, E., Smith, K., Smith, M., Snoch, A., Lavra, L. Soares, Sokoloff, M. D., Soler, F. J. P., Solomin, A., Solovev, A., Solovyev, I., Song, R., Song, Y., Song, Y. S., De Almeida, F. L. Souza, De Paula, B. Souza, Norella, E. Spadaro, Spedicato, E., Speer, J. G., Spiridenkov, E., Spradlin, P., Sriskaran, V., Stagni, F., Stahl, M., Stahl, S., Stanislaus, S., Stein, E. N., Steinkamp, O., Stenyakin, O., Stevens, H., Strekalina, D., Su, Y., Suljik, F., Sun, J., Sun, L., Sun, Y., Lima, D. S. Sundfeld, Sutcliffe, W., Swallow, P. N., Swystun, F., Szabelski, A., Szumlak, T., Tan, Y., Tat, M. D., Terentev, A., Terzuoli, F., Teubert, F., Thomas, E., Thompson, D. J. D., Tilquin, H., Tisserand, V., T'Jampens, S., Tobin, M., Tomassetti, L., Tonani, G., Tong, X., Machado, D. Torres, Toscano, L., Tou, D. Y., Trippl, C., Tuci, G., Tuning, N., Uecker, L. H., Ukleja, A., Unverzagt, D. J., Ursov, E., Usachov, A., Ustyuzhanin, A., Uwer, U., Vagnoni, V., Valenti, G., Canudas, N. Valls, Van Hecke, H., van Herwijnen, E., Van Hulse, C. B., Van Laak, R., van Veghel, M., Vasquez, G., Gomez, R. Vazquez, Regueiro, P. Vazquez, Sierra, C. Vázquez, Vecchi, S., Velthuis, J. J., Veltri, M., Venkateswaran, A., Vesterinen, M., Diaz, M. Vieites, Vilasis-Cardona, X., Figueras, E. Vilella, Villa, A., Vincent, P., Volle, F. C., Bruch, D. vom, Voropaev, N., Vos, K., Vouters, G., Vrahas, C., Wagner, J., Walsh, J., Walton, E. J., Wan, G., Wang, C., Wang, G., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. W., Wang, R., Wang, X., Wang, X. W., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Ward, J. A., Waterlaat, M., Watson, N. K., Websdale, D., Wei, Y., Wendel, J., Westhenry, B. D. C., White, D. J., Whitehead, M., Whiter, E., Wiederhold, A. R., Wiedner, D., Wilkinson, G., Wilkinson, M. K., Williams, M., Williams, M. R. J., Williams, R., Wilson, F. F., Wislicki, W., Witek, M., Witola, L., Wong, C. P., Wormser, G., Wotton, S. A., Wu, H., Wu, J., Wu, Y., Wyllie, K., Xian, S., Xiang, Z., Xie, Y., Xu, A., Xu, J., Xu, L., Xu, M., Xu, Z., Yang, D., Yang, K., Yang, S., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yeroshenko, V., Yeung, H., Yin, H., Yu, C. Y., Yu, J., Yuan, X., Zaffaroni, E., Zavertyaev, M., Zdybal, M., Zeng, C., Zeng, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, D., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Z., Zhao, Y., Zharkova, A., Zhelezov, A., Zheng, S. Z., Zheng, X. Z., Zheng, Y., Zhou, T., Zhou, X., Zhou, Y., Zhovkovska, V., Zhu, L. Z., Zhu, X., Zhukov, V., Zhuo, J., Zou, Q., Zuliani, D., and Zunica, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A comprehensive study of the local and nonlocal amplitudes contributing to the decay $B^0\rightarrow K^{*0}(\to K^+\pi^-) \mu^+\mu^-$ is performed by analysing the phase-space distribution of the decay products. The analysis is based on $pp$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.4fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. This measurement employs for the first time a model of both one-particle and two-particle nonlocal amplitudes, and utilises the complete dimuon mass spectrum without any veto regions around the narrow charmonium resonances. In this way it is possible to explicitly isolate the local and nonlocal contributions and capture the interference between them. The results show that interference with nonlocal contributions, although larger than predicted, only has a minor impact on the Wilson Coefficients determined from the fit to the data. For the local contributions, the Wilson Coefficient $C_9$, responsible for vector dimuon currents, exhibits a $2.1\sigma$ deviation from the Standard Model expectation. The Wilson Coefficients $C_{10}$, $C_{9}'$ and $C_{10}'$ are all in better agreement than $C_{9}$ with the Standard Model and the global significance is at the level of $1.5\sigma$. The model used also accounts for nonlocal contributions from $B^{0}\to K^{*0}\left[\tau^+\tau^-\to \mu^+\mu^-\right]$ rescattering, resulting in the first direct measurement of the $b s\tau\tau$ vector effective-coupling $C_{9\tau}$., Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2024-011.html (LHCb public pages)

Published
2024
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10. Developing trustworthy AI applications with foundation models

Author

Mock, Michael, Schmidt, Sebastian, Müller, Felix, Görge, Rebekka, Schmitz, Anna, Haedecke, Elena, Voss, Angelika, Hecker, Dirk, and Poretschkin, Maximillian

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, I.2.0
Abstract

The trustworthiness of AI applications has been the subject of recent research and is also addressed in the EU's recently adopted AI Regulation. The currently emerging foundation models in the field of text, speech and image processing offer completely new possibilities for developing AI applications. This whitepaper shows how the trustworthiness of an AI application developed with foundation models can be evaluated and ensured. For this purpose, the application-specific, risk-based approach for testing and ensuring the trustworthiness of AI applications, as developed in the 'AI Assessment Catalog - Guideline for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence' by Fraunhofer IAIS, is transferred to the context of foundation models. Special consideration is given to the fact that specific risks of foundation models can have an impact on the AI application and must also be taken into account when checking trustworthiness. Chapter 1 of the white paper explains the fundamental relationship between foundation models and AI applications based on them in terms of trustworthiness. Chapter 2 provides an introduction to the technical construction of foundation models and Chapter 3 shows how AI applications can be developed based on them. Chapter 4 provides an overview of the resulting risks regarding trustworthiness. Chapter 5 shows which requirements for AI applications and foundation models are to be expected according to the draft of the European Union's AI Regulation and Chapter 6 finally shows the system and procedure for meeting trustworthiness requirements., Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures

Published
2024
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11. Outcomes with General Anesthesia Compared to Conscious Sedation for Endovascular Treatment of Medium Vessel Occlusions: Results of an International Multicentric Study

Author

Radu, Răzvan Alexandru, Costalat, Vincent, Romoli, Michele, Musmar, Basel, Siegler, James E., Ghozy, Sherief, Khalife, Jane, Salim, Hamza, Shaikh, Hamza, Adeeb, Nimer, Cuellar-Saenz, Hugo H., Thomas, Ajith J., Kadirvel, Ramanathan, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh N., Heit, Jeremy J., Regenhardt, Robert W., Bernstock, Joshua D., Patel, Aman B., Rabinov, James D., Stapleton, Christopher J., Cancelliere, Nicole M., Marotta, Thomas R., Mendes Pereira, Vitor, El Naamani, Kareem, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Jabbour, Pascal, Meyer, Lukas, Fiehler, Jens, Faizy, Tobias D., Guerreiro, Helena, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Mounayer, Charbel, Kühn, Anna Luisa, Puri, Ajit S., Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter T., Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard L. L., Tan, Benjamin YQ, Gopinathan, Anil, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Chervak, Lina M., Vagal, Achala, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Alexandre, Andrea M., Filipe, João Pedro, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor R., YMD, Markus A., Jesser, Jessica, Weyland, Charlotte, ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Paul Stracke, Christian, Hecker, Constantin, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J., Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David S., Tancredi, Illario, Fahed, Robert, Lubicz, Boris, Essibayi, Muhammed Amir, Baker, Amanda, Altschul, David, Scarcia, Luca, Kalsoum, Erwah, Dmytriw, Adam A., and Guenego, Adrien

Published
2024
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14. Glioblastoma in the real-world setting: patterns of care and outcome in the Austrian population

Author

Hainfellner, Andreas, Borkovec, Martin, Seebrecht, Lukas, Neuhauser, Magdalena, Roetzer-Pejrimovsky, Thomas, Greutter, Lisa, Surböck, Birgit, Hager-Seifert, Andrea, Gorka-vom Hof, Doris, Urbanic-Purkart, Tadeja, Stultschnig, Martin, Cijan, Clemens, Würtz, Franz, Calabek-Wohinz, Bernadette, Pichler, Josef, Höllmüller, Isolde, Leibetseder, Annette, Weis, Serge, Kleindienst, Waltraud, Seiberl, Michael, Bieler, Lara, Hecker, Constantin, Schwartz, Christoph, Iglseder, Sarah, Heugenhauser, Johanna, Nowosielski, Martha, Thomé, Claudius, Moser, Patrizia, Hoffermann, Markus, Loibnegger, Karin, Dieckmann, Karin, Tomschik, Matthias, Widhalm, Georg, Rössler, Karl, Marosi, Christine, Wöhrer, Adelheid, Hainfellner, Johannes A., and Oberndorfer, Stefan

Published
2024
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18. Classification of electronic nematicity in three-dimensional crystals and quasicrystals

Author

Hecker, Matthias, Rastogi, Anant, Agterberg, Daniel F., and Fernandes, Rafael M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Electronic nematic order has been reported in a rich landscape of materials, encompassing not only a range of intertwined correlated and topological phenomena, but also different underlying lattice symmetries. Motivated by these findings, we investigate the behavior of electronic nematicity as the spherical symmetry of three-dimensional (3D) space is systematically lowered by the lattice environment. We consider all 32 crystallographic point groups as well as 4 major classes of quasicrystalline point groups, given the recent observations of electronic phases of interest in quasicrystalline materials and artificial twisted quasicrystals. Valuable insights are gained by establishing a mapping between the five-component charge-quadrupolar nematic order parameter of the electronic fluid and the 3D tensorial order parameter of nematic liquid crystals. We find that a uniaxial nematic state is only generically realized in polyhedral point groups (icosahedral and cubic), with the nematic director pointing along different sets of rotational symmetry axes. Interestingly, icosahedral point groups are the only ones in which the five nematic order parameter components transform as the same irreducible representation, making them the closest analog of 3D isotropic nematics. In axial point groups, one of the nematic components is always condensed, whereas the other four components decompose into an in-plane and an out-of-plane nematic doublet, resulting in biaxial nematic ground states. Because these two nematic doublets behave as $Z_q$-clock order parameters, this allows us to identify the types of crystals and quasicrystals that can host interesting electronic nematic phenomena enabled by the critical properties of the $q\geq 4$ clock model, such as emergent continuous nematic fluctuations in 3D, critical phases with quasi-long-range nematic order in 2D, and Ashkin-Teller nematicity in 2D., Comment: 39 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Published
2024
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19. Phonon-limited valley life times in single-particle bilayer graphene quantum dots

Author

Banszerus, Luca, Hecker, Katrin, Wang, Lin, Möller, Samuel, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Burkard, Guido, Volk, Christian, and Stampfer, Christoph

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The valley degree of freedom in honeycomb crystals such as 2D semiconductors, graphene and bilayer graphene is a promising carrier of quantum information alongside spin and charge. This is all the more true since gate-controlled single-particle quantum dots (QDs) have been demonstrated in bilayer graphene (BLG), paving the way for the realisation of spin and valley qubits. Although long spin relaxation times have recently been reported in BLG QDs, nothing is known about single-particle valley lifetimes. Here we report single-particle valley relaxation times ($T_1$ times) exceeding several microseconds in electrostatically defined BLG QDs. The observed dependence of $T_1$ on the perpendicular magnetic field can be understood qualitatively and quantitatively by a model in which $T_1$ is limited by electron-phonon coupling. We identify coupling to acoustic phonons via the bond length change and via the deformation potential as the limiting mechanisms., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

20. A critical nematic phase with pseudogap-like behavior in twisted bilayers

Author

Gali, Virginia, Hecker, Matthias, and Fernandes, Rafael M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The crystallographic restriction theorem constrains two-dimensional nematicity to display either Ising ($Z_{2}$) or three-state-Potts ($Z_{3}$) critical behaviors, both of which are dominated by amplitude fluctuations. Here, we use group theory and microscopic modeling to show that this constraint is circumvented in a $30^{\circ}$-twisted hexagonal bilayer due to its emergent quasicrystalline symmetries. We find a critical phase dominated by phase fluctuations of a $Z_{6}$ nematic order parameter and bounded by two Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transitions, which displays only quasi-long-range nematic order. The electronic spectrum in the critical phase displays a thermal pseudogap-like behavior, whose properties depend on the anomalous critical exponent. We also show that an out-of-plane magnetic field induces nematic phase fluctuations that suppress the two BKT transitions via a mechanism analogous to the Hall viscoelastic response of the lattice, giving rise to a putative nematic quantum critical point with emergent continuous symmetry. Finally, we demonstrate that even in the case of an untwisted bilayer, a critical phase emerges when the nematic order parameter changes sign between the two layers, establishing an odd-parity nematic state., Comment: Manuscript (7 pages, 3 figures) plus Supplementary Material (5 pages, 1 figure)

Published
2024

21. Association of PHACTR1 with Coronary Artery Calcium Differs by Sex and Cigarette Smoking.

Author

Voorhies, Kirsten, Young, Kendra, Hsu, Fang-Chi, Palmer, Nicholette, McDonald, Merry-Lynn, Lee, Sanghun, Hahn, Georg, Hecker, Julian, Prokopenko, Dmitry, Wu, Ann, Regan, Elizabeth, DeMeo, Dawn, Kinney, Greg, Crapo, James, Cho, Michael, Silverman, Edwin, Lange, Christoph, Budoff, Matthew, Hokanson, John, and Lutz, Sharon

Subjects
CDKN2B-AS1, PHACTR1, coronary artery calcium
Abstract

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and is a complex heritable trait with both genetic and environmental risk factors, including sex and smoking. Methods: We performed genome-wide association (GWA) analyses for CAC among all participants and stratified by sex in the COPDGene study (n = 6144 participants of European ancestry and n = 2589 participants of African ancestry) with replication in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS). We adjusted for age, sex, current smoking status, BMI, diabetes, self-reported high blood pressure, self-reported high cholesterol, and genetic ancestry (as summarized by principal components computed within each racial group). For the significant signals from the GWA analyses, we examined the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by sex interactions, stratified by smoking status (current vs. former), and tested for a SNP by smoking status interaction on CAC. Results: We identified genome-wide significant associations for CAC in the chromosome 9p21 region [CDKN2B-AS1] among all COPDGene participants (p = 7.1 × 10-14) and among males (p = 1.0 × 10-9), but the signal was not genome-wide significant among females (p = 6.4 × 10-6). For the sex stratified GWA analyses among females, the chromosome 6p24 region [PHACTR1] had a genome-wide significant association (p = 4.4 × 10-8) with CAC, but this signal was not genome-wide significant among all COPDGene participants (p = 1.7 × 10-7) or males (p = 0.03). There was a significant interaction for the SNP rs9349379 in PHACTR1 with sex (p = 0.02), but the interaction was not significant for the SNP rs10757272 in CDKN2B-AS1 with sex (p = 0.21). In addition, PHACTR1 had a stronger association with CAC among current smokers (p = 6.2 × 10-7) than former smokers (p = 7.5 × 10-3) and the SNP by smoking status interaction was marginally significant (p = 0.03). CDKN2B-AS1 had a strong association with CAC among both former (p = 7.7 × 10-8) and current smokers (p = 1.7 × 10-7) and the SNP by smoking status interaction was not significant (p = 0.40). Conclusions: Among current and former smokers of European ancestry in the COPDGene study, we identified a genome-wide significant association in the chromosome 6p24 region [PHACTR1] with CAC among females, but not among males. This region had a significant SNP by sex and SNP by smoking interaction on CAC.

Published
2024

22. Incidence and clinical outcomes of perforations during mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective, multicenter, and multinational study.

Author

Dmytriw, Adam, Musmar, Basel, Salim, Hamza, Ghozy, Sherief, Siegler, James, Kobeissi, Hassan, Shaikh, Hamza, Khalife, Jane, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh, Heit, Jeremy, Regenhardt, Robert, Cancelliere, Nicole, Bernstock, Joshua, Naamani, Kareem, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Meyer, Lukas, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Saleme, Suzana, Mounayer, Charbel, Fiehler, Jens, Kühn, Anna, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter, Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Marotta, Thomas, Stapleton, Christopher, Rabinov, James, Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard, Tan, Benjamin, Gopinathan, Anil, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Chervak, Lina, Vagal, Achala, Adeeb, Nimer, Cuellar-Saenz, Hugo, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula, Jabbour, Pascal, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Filipe, João, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Jesser, Jessica, Costalat, Vincent, Ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian, Hecker, Constantin, Kadirvel, Ramanathan, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph, Thomas, Ajith, Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David, Alexandru Radu, Răzvan, Alexandre, Andrea, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias, Fahed, Robert, Weyland, Charlotte, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, and Guenego, Adrien

Subjects
AIS, MT, MeVo, Stroke, mechanical thrombectomy, perforation, Humans, Ischemic Stroke, Male, Retrospective Studies, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Incidence, Thrombectomy, Treatment Outcome, Aged, 80 and over
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has revolutionized the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), but its efficacy and safety in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) remain less explored. This multicenter, retrospective study aims to investigate the incidence and clinical outcomes of vessel perforations (confirmed by extravasation during an angiographic series) during MT for AIS caused by MeVO. METHODS: Data were collected from 37 academic centers across North America, Asia, and Europe between September 2017 and July 2021. A total of 1373 AIS patients with MeVO underwent MT. Baseline characteristics, procedural details, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of vessel perforation was 4.8% (66/1373). Notably, our analysis indicates variations in perforation rates across different arterial segments: 8.9% in M3 segments, 4.3% in M2 segments, and 8.3% in A2 segments (p = 0.612). Patients with perforation had significantly worse outcomes, with lower rates of favorable angiographic outcomes (TICI 2c-3: 23% vs 58.9%, p

Published
2024

24. Multicenter evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy for distal medium vessel occlusions with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Scores ≥ 6 and ≤ 6

Author

Kühn, Anna Luisa, Puri, Ajit S., Salim, Hamza Adel, Musmar, Basel, Ghozy, Sherief, Siegler, James, Shaikh, Hamza, Khalife, Jane, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh N., Heit, Jeremy J., Regenhardt, Robert W., Diestro, Jose Danilo Bengzon, Cancelliere, Nicole M., Sweid, Ahmad, Naamani, Kareem El, Hasan, Zuha, Gopinathan, Anil, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Meyer, Lukas, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Saleme, Suzana, Mounayer, Charbel, Fiehler, Jens, Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter T., Singh, Jasmeet, Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Marotta, Thomas R., Stapleton, Christopher J., Rabinov, James D., Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard LL., Tan, Benjamin Y. Q., Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Jabbour, Pascal, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Filipe, João Pedro, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor R., Möhlenbruch, Markus A., Jesser, Jessica, Costalat, Vincent, ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Chervak, Lina, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian Paul, Hecker, Constantin, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J., Thomas, Ajith, Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David S., Radu, Răzvan Alexandru, Alexandre, Andrea M., Fahed, Robert, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias D., Weyland, Charlotte, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman B., Pereira, Vitor Mendes, Guenego, Adrien, and Dmytriw, Adam A.

Published
2024
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29. Cold trapped molecular ions and hybrid platforms for ions and neutral particles

Author

Deiß, Markus, Willitsch, Stefan, and Denschlag, Johannes Hecker

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

We review recent progress in the field of cold trapped molecular ions. A new generation of collision and cold chemistry experiments between atoms and ions has emerged, where cold atoms and ions are brought into contact in a controlled way in novel hybrid atom-ion platforms. Furthermore, new possibilities for the preparation and detection of molecular quantum states with high sensitivity and precision have been demonstrated based on quantum-logic schemes. These advances represent important stepping stones for new directions in fundamental research and technological applications across various domains including precision measurements, quantum technologies and chemical dynamics., Comment: review article, 10 pages, 6 figures

Published
2023
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30. Automated Volume Corrected Mitotic Index Calculation Through Annotation-Free Deep Learning using Immunohistochemistry as Reference Standard

Author

Ammeling, Jonas, Hecker, Moritz, Ganz, Jonathan, Donovan, Taryn A., Bertram, Christof A., Breininger, Katharina, and Aubreville, Marc

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The volume-corrected mitotic index (M/V-Index) was shown to provide prognostic value in invasive breast carcinomas. However, despite its prognostic significance, it is not established as the standard method for assessing aggressive biological behaviour, due to the high additional workload associated with determining the epithelial proportion. In this work, we show that using a deep learning pipeline solely trained with an annotation-free, immunohistochemistry-based approach, provides accurate estimations of epithelial segmentation in canine breast carcinomas. We compare our automatic framework with the manually annotated M/V-Index in a study with three board-certified pathologists. Our results indicate that the deep learning-based pipeline shows expert-level performance, while providing time efficiency and reproducibility.

Published
2023

31. Local condensation of charge-$4e$ superconductivity at a nematic domain wall

Author

Hecker, Matthias and Fernandes, Rafael M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

In the fluctuation regime that precedes the onset of pairing in multi-component superconductors, such as nematic and chiral superconductors, the normal state is generally unstable towards the formation of charge-$4e$ order $-$ an exotic quantum state in which electrons form coherent quartets rather than Cooper pairs. However, charge-$4e$ order is often suppressed by other competing composite orders, such as nematics. Importantly, the formation of nematic domains is unavoidable due to the long-range strains generated, leading to one-dimensional regions where the competing nematic order is suppressed. Here, we employ a real-space variational approach to demonstrate that, in such nematic domain walls, charge-$4e$ order is locally condensed via a vestigial-order mechanism. We explore the experimental manifestations of this effect and discuss materials in which it can be potentially observed., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023
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32. First pass effect as an independent predictor of functional outcomes in medium vessel occlusions: An analysis of an international multicenter study.

Author

Radu, Răzvan, Costalat, Vincent, Fahed, Robert, Ghozy, Sherief, Siegler, James, Shaikh, Hamza, Khalife, Jane, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh, Heit, Jeremy, Sweid, Ahmad, El Naamani, Kareem, Regenhardt, Robert, Diestro, Jose, Cancelliere, Nicole, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Meyer, Lukas, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Saleme, Suzana, Mounayer, Charbel, Fiehler, Jens, Kühn, Anna, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter, Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Kyheng, Maéva, Marotta, Thomas, Stapleton, Christopher, Rabinov, James, Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard, Tan, Benjamin, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula, Jabbour, Pascal, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Pedro Filipe, João, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Jesser, Jessica, Tancredi, Illario, Ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Chervak, Lina, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Paul Stracke, Christian, Hecker, Constantin, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph, Thomas, Ajith, Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David, Alexandre, Andrea, Faizy, Tobias, Weyland, Charlotte, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, Lubicz, Boris, Dmytriw, Adam, and Guenego, Adrien

Subjects
MeVO, Stroke, outcomes research, reperfusion, thrombectomy, Humans, Stroke, Brain Ischemia, Retrospective Studies, Thrombectomy, Treatment Outcome, Intracranial Hemorrhages
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: First pass effect (FPE), achievement of complete recanalization (mTICI 2c/3) with a single pass, is a significant predictor of favorable outcomes for endovascular treatment (EVT) in large vessel occlusion stroke (LVO). However, data concerning the impact on functional outcomes and predictors of FPE in medium vessel occlusions (MeVO) are scarce. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an international retrospective study on MeVO cases. Multivariable logistic modeling was used to establish independent predictors of FPE. Clinical and safety outcomes were compared between the two study groups (FPE vs non-FPE) using logistic regression models. Good outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale 0-2 at 3 months. RESULTS: Eight hundred thirty-six patients with a final mTICI ⩾ 2b were included in this analysis. FPE was observed in 302 patients (36.1%). In multivariable analysis, hypertension (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.10-2.20) and lower baseline NIHSS score (aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97) were independently associated with an FPE. Good outcomes were more common in the FPE versus non-FPE group (72.8% vs 52.8%), and FPE was independently associated with favorable outcome (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.59-3.05). 90-day mortality and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were significantly lower in the FPE group, 0.43 (95% CI, 0.25-0.72) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.39-0.77), respectively. CONCLUSION: Over 2/3 of patients with MeVOs and FPE in our cohort had a favorable outcome at 90 days. FPE is independently associated with favorable outcomes, it may reduce the risk of any intracranial hemorrhage, and 3-month mortality.

Published
2024

33. Challenges and Opportunities for Commercializing Technologies in the Pulmonary Arena: An Official American Thoracic Society Report.

Author

Vukmirovic, Milica, Benam, Kambez, Rose, Jason, Turner, Scott, Magin, Chelsea, Lagares, David, Cohen, Alan, Kaminski, Naftali, Hirota, Jeremy, Maher, Toby, Konigshoff, Melanie, Mallampalli, Rama, Sheppard, Dean, Tarran, Robert, Gomer, Richard, Kenyon, Nicholas, Morris, David, Hobbie, Silke, Raju, S, Petrache, Irina, Watkins, Timothy, Kumar, Rishav, Lam, Wilbur, Sherer, Todd, and Hecker, Louise

Subjects
academic entrepreneurship, commercialization, intellectual property, pulmonary, technology development, Humans, United States, Biomedical Technology, Translational Science, Biomedical, Pulmonary Medicine
Abstract

Translational medicine has been a buzzword for over two decades. The concept was intended to be lofty, to reflect a new bench-to-bedside approach to basic and clinical research that would bridge fields, close gaps, accelerate innovation, and shorten the time and effort it takes to bring novel technologies from basic discovery to clinical application. Has this approach been successful and lived up to its promise? Despite incredible scientific advances and innovations developed within academia, successful clinical translation into real-world solutions has been difficult. This has been particularly challenging within the pulmonary field, because there have been fewer U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and higher failure rates for pulmonary therapies than with other common disease areas. The American Thoracic Society convened a working group with the goal of identifying major challenges related to the commercialization of technologies within the pulmonary space and opportunities to enhance this process. A survey was developed and administered to 164 participants within the pulmonary arena. This report provides a summary of these survey results. Importantly, this report identifies a number of poorly recognized challenges that exist in pulmonary academic settings, which likely contribute to diminished efficiency of commercialization efforts, ultimately hindering the rate of successful clinical translation. Because many innovations are initially developed in academic settings, this is a global public health issue that impacts the entire American Thoracic Society community. This report also summarizes key resources and opportunities and provides recommendations to enhance successful commercialization of pulmonary technologies.

Published
2024

41. Strategies to prevent blood loss and reduce transfusion in emergency general surgery, WSES-AAST consensus paper

Author

Coccolini, Federico, Shander, Aryeh, Ceresoli, Marco, Moore, Ernest, Tian, Brian, Parini, Dario, Sartelli, Massimo, Sakakushev, Boris, Doklestich, Krstina, Abu-Zidan, Fikri, Horer, Tal, Shelat, Vishal, Hardcastle, Timothy, Bignami, Elena, Kirkpatrick, Andrew, Weber, Dieter, Kryvoruchko, Igor, Leppaniemi, Ari, Tan, Edward, Kessel, Boris, Isik, Arda, Cremonini, Camilla, Forfori, Francesco, Ghiadoni, Lorenzo, Chiarugi, Massimo, Ball, Chad, Ottolino, Pablo, Hecker, Andreas, Mariani, Diego, Melai, Ettore, Malbrain, Manu, Agostini, Vanessa, Podda, Mauro, Picetti, Edoardo, Kluger, Yoram, Rizoli, Sandro, Litvin, Andrey, Maier, Ron, Beka, Solomon Gurmu, De Simone, Belinda, Bala, Miklosh, Perez, Aleix Martinez, Ordonez, Carlos, Bodnaruk, Zenon, Cui, Yunfeng, Calatayud, Augusto Perez, de Angelis, Nicola, Amico, Francesco, Pikoulis, Emmanouil, Damaskos, Dimitris, Coimbra, Raul, Chirica, Mircea, Biffl, Walter L., and Catena, Fausto

Published
2024
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43. Intra-abdominal infections survival guide: a position statement by the Global Alliance For Infections In Surgery

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Barie, Philip, Agnoletti, Vanni, Al-Hasan, Majdi N., Ansaloni, Luca, Biffl, Walter, Buonomo, Luis, Blot, Stijn, Cheadle, William G., Coimbra, Raul, De Simone, Belinda, Duane, Therese M., Fugazzola, Paola, Giamarellou, Helen, Hardcastle, Timothy C., Hecker, Andreas, Inaba, Kenji, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Labricciosa, Francesco M., Leone, Marc, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Maier, Ronald V., Marwah, Sanjay, Maves, Ryan C., Mingoli, Andrea, Montravers, Philippe, Ordóñez, Carlos A., Palmieri, Miriam, Podda, Mauro, Rello, Jordi, Sawyer, Robert G., Sganga, Gabriele, Tattevin, Pierre, Thapaliya, Dipendra, Tessier, Jeffrey, Tolonen, Matti, Ulrych, Jan, Vallicelli, Carlo, Watkins, Richard R., Catena, Fausto, and Coccolini, Federico

Published
2024
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49. Do smaller P300 amplitudes in schizophrenia result from larger variability in temporal processing?

Author

Mareike Wilson, Ellen Joos, Anne Giersch, Anne Bonnefond, Ludger Tebartz van Elst, Lukas Hecker, and Jürgen Kornmeier

Subjects
Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Abstract The P3b is a prominent event-related potential (ERP) with maximal amplitude between 250 ms and 500 ms after the onset of a rare target stimulus within a sequence of standard non-target stimuli (oddball paradigm). Several studies found reduced P3b amplitudes in patients with schizophrenia compared to neurotypicals. Our work and the literature suggest that temporal imprecision may play a large pathophysiological role in schizophrenia. Here, we investigated whether reduced P3b amplitudes result from reduced neural activity (power) or temporal imprecision (inter-trial phase coherence; ITC) in delta and theta bands, using two EEG datasets from different studies with different oddball paradigms (Study 1: 19 patients with schizophrenia and 17 matched controls, Study 2: 26 patients and 26 controls). Both studies revealed typical P3b ERP components with smaller amplitudes in patients. Reduced ITC in patients was found in the delta band, which correlated with P3b peak amplitudes for all participant groups (ρ = 0.58–0.89). In Study 1, we also found significant differences between patients and controls in ITC in the theta band, which also correlated with P3b peak amplitudes (patients’ ρ = 0.64, controls’ ρ = 0.54). This was not found in Study 2. The results indicate that P3b amplitude reduction in patients with schizophrenia is linked to a reduction in temporal precision of neural activity. These results expand the notion of imprecision in temporal processing at phenomenological, psychological, and neurological levels that have been related to disturbances of the sense of self. They confirm that temporal imprecision may be more important than the reduction of neural activity itself.

Published
2024
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50. Close relationships with caregivers as protective factor for the mental health and functioning of war-affected Congolese youth

Author

Florian Scharpf, Roos Haer, and Tobias Hecker

Subjects
War, Armed conflict, Trauma, Mental health, Youth, Caregivers, Special situations and conditions, RC952-1245, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract Background Supportive social connections are a crucial determinant of the mental health and adjustment of youth in conflict-torn regions. Conflict-affected youth face particular risks to their well-being due to high levels of trauma exposure and perpetration of violent acts as members of armed groups and post-conflict discrimination. However, little is known about the possible protective role of close relationships with caregivers in the aftermath of trauma. This study examined whether a higher perceived quality of relationships with caregivers would attenuate the associations between exposure to traumatic experiences and four indicators of adjustment (posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS], emotional problems, behavioural problems, criminal behaviour) in a sample of 268 war-affected youth (61.2% male, Mage = 16.31 years) living in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo. More than half of the present sample (56.7%) were former members of armed groups. Methods Data were collected using quantitative structured interviews and analyzed through regression models using the PROCESS macro. Results Higher cumulative trauma exposure was significantly related to higher levels of PTSS and emotional problems, while more frequent perpetration of war-related violence was significantly related to higher levels of PTSS, behavioural problems, and criminal behavior. The perceived quality of relationships with caregivers significantly moderated the associations between youth’s cumulative trauma exposure and all four outcomes. At higher perceived quality of relationships with caregivers, the associations between trauma exposure and emotional problems, behavioural problems, and criminal behaviour were no longer significant and the association with PTSS was significantly weakened. Higher perceived quality of relationships with caregivers was also directly significantly related to lower levels of mental health problems and criminal behaviour. Conclusions The findings suggest that interventions that focus on strengthening relationships with caregivers are crucial for supporting the mental health and functioning of youth who experienced and perpetrated war-related violence.

Published
2024
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