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Objective: Tooth decay or the caries process is a common dental problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Many risk factors are modifiable,while others are not (e.g., genetic factors). Polymorphism of the enamelin (ENAM) gene, which is required to ensure production of an essentialprotein for enamel development, may pose as a risk factor for the caries process. This study sought to investigate the possibility of ENAM C2452Tpolymorphism acting as a risk factor in the caries process.Methods: The polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method was employed to evaluate DNA samples taken from 95subjects with a high caries prevalence and 89 control subjects for ENAM C2452T polymorphism.Results: Based on Chi-squared tests, there were significant genotype and allele distribution differences between the group with a high cariesprevalence and the control group (p=0.005 and p=0.007). Polymorphism in this context may, therefore, serve as a risk factor for caries onset andprogression (OR: 3.62).Conclusion: ENAM C2452T polymorphism is related to the caries process and may constitute a risk factor.

Osteoporosis is a condition that is characterized by reduced bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration. Previous studies have shown that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism may be involved in the development of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the distribution of this polymorphism in 100 Indonesian postmenopausal women. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism were determined in 25 women with osteopenia, 50 women with osteoporosis, and 25 control subjects using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique with Hinf1 enzyme. The results showed CC genotype (wild type) 70%, CT genotype (heterozygous polymorphic) 29%, and TT genotype (homozygous polymorphic) 1%, with a T-allele frequency of 15.5%. The result also showed that there was no significant variation with MTHFR C677T genotype. It can be concluded that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was weakly associated with BMD (Bone Mineral Density).

Dental caries was caused by Streptococcus mutans. Grape (Vitis vinifera) variety Blue Probolinggo have active substance: Polyphenol compound such as flavonoid, tannin, anthocyanin and resveratrol. One of its benefits is its capability to prevent dental caries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of grape skin (Vitis vinifera) infusum on salivary mutans streptococci. Methods: Grape skin infusum of Vitis vinifera containing polyphenol compound was examined in vitro on the bacterial growth by determining the inhibition zone (agar diffusion method), Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The microorganisms tested of mutans of Streptococcus mutans was isolated from human harboring species in Jakarta Indonesia. Data obtained was done in a descriptive method. Results: Grape skin infusum containing Vitis vinifera had effect on all of mutans of Streptococcus mutans: Inhibitory zone was inclined from 0.05 mm in conentration 20%/ml to 6.70 mm in concentration 90%. MIC was made at 50% and MBC ws made at 60%. Conclusion: The grape skin of Vitis vinifera showed antimicrobial activity against locals trains of mutans of Streptococcus mutans, isolated from humans harboring species. It is expected that in can be used in preventing caries risk in the future.DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v17i1.109

Objective: Analyzing the potential of S. salivarius isolated from the saliva and tongue dorsum of adults to inhibit the growth of Fusobacteriumnucleatum.Methods: Polymerase chain reaction, deferred antagonism test, and well-diffused agar test.Results: Inhibition of the growth F. nucleatum by S. salivarius isolated from the tongue dorsum (p>0.05). No inhibition to the growth of F. nucleatumby S. salivarius isolated from the saliva. No inhibition to the growth of F. nucleatum by the protein produced by S. salivarius.Conclusions: The growth of F. nucleatum was not inhibited by S. salivarius isolated from the saliva but by S. salivarius isolated from the dorsum of thetongue.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the inhibitory potential of Streptococcus salivarius, after it has been isolated from saliva and the tongue’sdorsum, on the growth of Streptococcus mutans.Method: Polymerase chain reaction, SDS PAGE, Bradford test, deferred antagonism test, and well-diffusion test were used.Result: S. salivarius isolated from saliva and the tongue’s dorsum inhibited the growth of S. mutans, but it was not the case with S. salivarius ATCC13419 (p0.05).Conclusion: S. salivarius isolated from saliva and the tongue’s dorsum can inhibit the growth of S. mutans, but there was no significant difference inthe inhibitory potential of S. salivarius isolated from saliva on the tongue’s dorsum.

Objective: To analyze the inhibitory potential of S. salivarius isolated from saliva and the dorsum of the tongue, and the protein it produces, ininhibiting the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans . Methods: Examine the inhibition zone of A. actinomycetemcomitans formed by the treatment of S. salivarius isolated from saliva and the tonguedorsum, along with the protein produced, in 10 participants using a deferred antagonism test with well-diffused gelatin. Results: The inhibitory zone of S. salivarius isolated from saliva and the tongue against A. actinomycetemcomitans is insignificantly different (p=0.05).There is no inhibition of the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans shown by whole-cell and spent medium proteins of S. salivarius . Conclusion: S. salivarius isolated from both saliva and the tongue dorsum is able to inhibit the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans , but not theprotein they produce.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the inhibitory potential of Streptococcus salivarius isolates from the saliva and dorsum of the tongue of adults on Enterococcal faecalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 29212. Methods: Deferred antagonism and agar well diffusion methods were used to analyze the potential of S. salivarius to inhibit E. faecalis growth with S. salivarius ATCC 13419 as the positive control. Result: The maximum inhibitor diameter for each isolation was 11.17 mm at 10 10 CFU for the dorsum of tongue isolates and 8.17 mm at 109 CFU for saliva isolates. Conclusions: Clinical S. salivarius isolates from the dorsum of tongue had greater potential for inhibiting E. faecalis growth compared to the saliva isolates and control bacteria.

Experimental studies have shown that dental pulp tissue has potential to regenerate dentine in response to adverse stimuli, such as caries and associated operative procedures. However, the potential of dental pulp regeneration seems to be limited by regenerative capacity of the cell involved. In this study, we report the effect of transfection of a recombinant plasmid containing human BMP-2 gene in proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp tissue in vitro. The regenerative capacity was analyzed by ALP production and calcium content. Results showed that the transfected dental pulp cell was able to differentiate into the odontoblast phenotype, indicating the presence of odontoblast progentitor cells in dental pulp tissue.