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3. A density functional approach to ferrogels

Author

Cremer, P., Heinen, M., Menzel, A. M., and Löwen, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Ferrogels consist of magnetic colloidal particles embedded in an elastic polymer matrix. As a consequence, their structural and rheological properties are governed by a competition between magnetic particle-particle interactions and mechanical matrix elasticity. Typically, the particles are permanently fixed within the matrix, which makes them distinguishable by their positions. Over time, particle neighbors do not change due to the fixation by the matrix. Here we present a classical density functional approach for such ferrogels. We map the elastic matrix-induced interactions between neighboring colloidal particles distinguishable by their positions onto effective pairwise interactions between indistinguishable particles similar to a "pairwise pseudopotential". Using Monte-Carlo computer simulations, we demonstrate for one-dimensional dipole-spring models of ferrogels that this mapping is justified. We then use the pseudopotential as an input into classical density functional theory of inhomogeneous fluids and predict the bulk elastic modulus of the ferrogel under various conditions. In addition, we propose the use of an "external pseudopotential" when one switches from the viewpoint of a one-dimensional dipole-spring object to a one-dimensional chain embedded in an infinitely extended bulk matrix. Our mapping approach paves the way to describe various inhomogeneous situations of ferrogels using classical density functional concepts of inhomogeneous fluids., Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures

Published
2017
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4. Liquid pair correlations in four spatial dimensions: Theory versus simulation

Author

Heinen, M., Horbach, J., and Löwen, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Using liquid integral equation theory, we calculate the pair correlations of particles that interact via a smooth repulsive pair potential in d = 4 spatial dimensions. We discuss the performance of different closures for the Ornstein-Zernike equation, by comparing the results to computer simulation data. Our results are of relevance to understand crystal and glass formation in high-dimensional systems.

Published
2014
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5. Dynamical density functional theory for the diffusion of injected Brownian particles

Author

Löwen, H. and Heinen, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

While the theory of diffusion of a single Brownian particle in confined geometries is well-established by now, we discuss here the theoretical framework necessary to generalize the theory of diffusion to dense suspensions of strongly interacting Brownian particles. Dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) for classical Brownian particles represents an ideal tool for this purpose. After outlining the basic ingredients to DDFT we show that it can be readily applied to flowing suspensions with time-dependent particle sources. Particle interactions lead to considerable layering in the mean density profiles, a feature that is absent in the trivial case of noninteracting, freely diffusing particles. If the particle injection rate varies periodically in time with a suitable frequency, a resonance in the layering of the mean particle density profile is predicted.

Published
2014
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6. Statistical mechanics for non-reciprocal forces

Author

Ivlev, A. V., Bartnick, J., Heinen, M., and Löwen, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

A basic statistical mechanics analysis of many-body systems with non-reciprocal pair interactions is presented. Different non-reciprocity classes in two- and three-dimensional binary systems (relevant to real experimental situations) are investigated, where the action-reaction symmetry is broken for the interaction between different species. The asymmetry is characterized by a non-reciprocity parameter $\Delta$, which is the ratio of the non-reciprocal to reciprocal pair forces. It is shown that for the "constant" non-reciprocity (when $\Delta$ is independent of the interparticle distance $r$) one can construct a pseudo-Hamiltonian and such systems, being intrinsically non-equilibrium, can nevertheless be described in terms of equilibrium statistical mechanics and exhibit detailed balance with distinct temperatures for the different species. For a general case (when $\Delta$ is a function of $r$) the temperatures grow with time, approaching a universal power-law scaling, while their ratio is determined by an effective constant non-reciprocity which is uniquely defined for a given interaction.

Published
2014
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8. Electrokinetic and hydrodynamic properties of charged-particles systems: From small electrolyte ions to large colloids

Author

Nägele, G., Heinen, M., Banchio, A. J., and Contreras-Aburto, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Dynamic processes in dispersions of charged spherical particles are of importance both in fundamental science, and in technical and bio-medical applications. There exists a large variety of charged-particles systems, ranging from nanometer-sized electrolyte ions to micron-sized charge-stabilized colloids. We review recent advances in theoretical methods for the calculation of linear transport coefficients in concentrated particulate systems, with the focus on hydrodynamic interactions and electrokinetic effects. Considered transport properties are the dispersion viscosity, self- and collective diffusion coefficients, sedimentation coefficients, and electrophoretic mobilities and conductivities of ionic particle species in an external electric field. Advances by our group are also discussed, including a novel mode-coupling-theory method for conduction-diffusion and viscoelastic properties of strong electrolyte solutions. Furthermore, results are presented for dispersions of solvent-permeable particles, and particles with non-zero hydrodynamic surface slip. The concentration-dependent swelling of ionic microgels is discussed, as well as a far-reaching dynamic scaling behavior relating colloidal long- to short-time dynamics.

Published
2013
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14. Droogtemonitoring Vergelijking metingen bodemvochtgehaltes met SWAP-WOFOST simulaties

Author

Heinen, M. and Heinen, M.

Abstract

Deze studie is uitgevoerd in het onderzoeksprogramma KLIMAP (www.KLIMAP.nl). Klimaatverandering zorgt op de Nederlandse zandgronden voor verandering in het bodem- en watersysteem en daarmee ook in de mogelijkheden voor landbouw en natuur in deze gebieden. 24 Partijen, waaronder regionale overheden, kennisinstellingen en bedrijven, hebben de handen ineen geslagen. Zij onderzoeken samen hoe het water- en bodemsysteem op deze zandgronden klimaatadaptief kan worden ingericht voor landbouw en natuur. In het project KLIMAP (‘Klimaatadaptatie in de Praktijk’), dat mede gefinancierd wordt door de Topsectoren Agri & Food en Water & Maritiem, gaan zij aan de slag met handvatten die nodig zijn voor het klimaatbestendig inrichten van de Nederlandse zandgebieden. In de periode 2018-2020 zijn in het onderzoeksproject ‘Droogte Zandgronden Nederland’ op diverse locaties in Nederland bodemvochtsensoren geïnstalleerd. Dit rapport beschrijft een vergelijking van de gemeten bodemvochtgehaltes met bodemvochtgehaltes zoals gesimuleerd met SWAP-WOFOST.

Published
2023

15. Aanvullend onderzoek klei in zand : Waterretentie- en doorlatendheidskarakteristieken van handmatig gemengde klei -in-zand monsters

Author

Heinen, M., Gerritsen, F., Bakker, G., Heinen, M., Gerritsen, F., and Bakker, G.

Abstract

In eerder KLIMAP-onderzoek is aangetoond dat voor grondmonsters waarin klei met zand was gemengd afwijkende waterretentie- en doorlatendheidskarakteristieken werden gemeten in vergelijking tot die voor zand waar geen klei aan was toegevoegd (Heinen et al., 2022). In dat onderzoek waren veldmonsters gestoken uit een perceel waar de klei in relatief grote brokken door het zand was gemengd. In die studie werd de aanbeveling gedaan om de waterretentie- en doorlatendheidskarakteristieken ook een keer te bepalen in klei-in-zand mengsels waarin de klei uniformer is verdeeld. Dit rapport beschrijft de waterretentie- en doorlatendheidskarakteristieken zoals gemeten in met de hand gecreëerde klei-in-zand mengsels waarbij de klei vooraf was gebroken en gezeefd. De karakteristieken worden vergeleken met die gemeten in de veldmonsters zoals gerapporteerd in Heinen et al. (2022).

Published
2023

17. Visualization of uncertain leaching fraction and drought exposure as a function of irrigation dosage and frequency

Author

Mondaca-Duarte, F.D., Reyes-Lastiri, D., Heinen, M., van Henten, E.J., van Mourik, S., Mondaca-Duarte, F.D., Reyes-Lastiri, D., Heinen, M., van Henten, E.J., and van Mourik, S.

Abstract

There is a need for precise irrigation strategies to reduce leaching and water use, whilst avoiding drought exposure. A model-based prediction and visualization method is proposed to help estimate the precise required irrigation dosage and frequency to achieve desired leaching fraction and drought exposure as a multi-objective optimization problem. The method produces a contour plot that shows the estimated leaching and drought exposure under uncertain evapotranspiration. Three sandy soils and three clay soils were examined for a total of 6 different soils, which included a clay soil case with protected Chrysanthemum cultivation. The results illustrate the usefulness of this type of visualization in decision support. Predictions indicate that compared to a conventional irrigation strategy, leaching could be reduced by 40% and water use by 9% whilst maintaining a low drought exposure (below 1%). Furthermore, predictions indicate that reducing evapotranspiration uncertainty would require an irrigation frequency increase (∼20%) or a total irrigation dosage increase (∼10%). Compared to clay soils, sandy soils require a higher frequency irrigation (more than once per 2 days) to prevent drought exposure. The proposed model-based framework and visualization method provides a useful understanding of low-risk irrigation strategies that account for evapotranspiration uncertainty, while reducing water use and minimizing leaching, giving valuable insights to agricultural professionals and policymakers alike. Additionally, the developed framework has the potential to be used as a core for decision and control tools developed for sustainable agriculture and water resource management.

Published
2023

18. Fertigation Strategies to ImproveWater and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Surface Irrigation System in the North China Plain

Author

Sun, X., Li, Y., Heinen, M., Ritzema, H.P., Hellegers, P.J.G.J., van Dam, J.C., Sun, X., Li, Y., Heinen, M., Ritzema, H.P., Hellegers, P.J.G.J., and van Dam, J.C.

Abstract

Irrigation and fertilisation are often over-applied, which exceeds crop requirements. Surface fertigation, a technique of applying pre-dissolved fertilisers together with irrigation water, seems to be a viable way to improve the on-farm performance in the North China Plain (NCP). Thus, we conducted a field experiment based on farmers’ practices from 2017 to 2019. Moreover, we calibrated and validated SWAP-WOFOST-N, a seasonal integrated agro-hydrology and crop growth model, to assess the effects of different practices on yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency (WUE and NUE) and resource loss. Lastly, we developed various scenarios using the model to determine improved strategies. The results showed that the SWAP-WOFOST and extended Soil-N model offered satisfactory accuracy when compared with field measured data for the tested domain of the hydrological and nitrogen cycle; farmers’ current irrigation and fertilisation practices resulted in low WUE and NUE, but the practice of split top-dressing nitrogen did not show significant improvement in the surface irrigation system; WUE, NUE and nitrogen loss were closely related to irrigation practices. We further concluded that an optimised irrigation practice combined with an optimal fertigation scenario is the feasible strategy to achieve sustainable crop yield, high WUE and NUE and reduced nitrogen loss.

Published
2023

19. Microscopische wateropnamemodellen en dynamische wortelverdeling in SWAP

Author

Heinen, M., Mulder, M., Heinen, M., and Mulder, M.

Abstract

Wateropname door plantenwortels is een kernproces in de (globale) watercyclus: meer dan 50% van de evapotranspiratie gaat via de plantenwortels terug naar de atmosfeer. Gebrek aan water in de wortelzone zal leiden tot reductie van de transpiratie en het gevolg is dat gewassen minder goed groeien (opbrengstreductie of opbrengstderving). Met simulatiemodellen voor de waterbalans in de (on)verzadigde bodem berekenen we de wateropname en de gevolgen voor gewasgroei. In Nederland maken we hiervoor gebruik van het agrohydrologische model SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant), bijvoorbeeld in het kader van de Waterwijzers Landbouw en Natuur. SWAP is ook de basis van het daarvan afgeleide metaSWAP dat wordt gebruikt in het Nederlands Hydrologisch Instrumentarium. Omdat in het recente verleden met deze modellen voor sommige bodem-gewascombinaties transpiratiereducties werden gesimuleerd die niet goed verklaard konden worden, is voorgesteld om de bestaande concepten voor het simuleren van wateropname in combinatie met een statische wortelverdeling te vergelijken met alternatieve wateropnameconcepten en een dynamische wortelverdeling. Twee bestaande, in de wetenschappelijke literatuur gepubliceerde, microscopische beschrijvingen voor wateropname door plantenwortels zijn toegevoegd aan SWAP. Deze microscopische concepten beschouwen stroming van water in een cilindervormige bodemkolom rondom een wortel naar de wortelwand toe en vervolgens de wortel in en naar het blad toe. Op deze manier wordt zowel rekening gehouden met de hydraulische eigenschappen van de bodem als met enkele gewaseigenschappen waaronder de doorlatendheid van de wortelwand en de geleidbaarheid in het pad wortel-stam-blad. Daarmee verschillen deze van het meer eenvoudige macroscopische concept van Feddes, waar geen rekening wordt gehouden met stroming naar een wortelwand toe. Voor alle 79 BOFEK2020-eenheden in combinatie met gras of mais en onder relatief droge en onder relatief natte hydrologische omstandigheden

Published
2023

30. Molecular modeling and simulation: Model development, thermodynamic properties, scaling behavior and data management

Author

Heinen, M., Chatwell, R. S., Homes, S., Guevara, G., Fingerhut, R., Kohns, M., Stephan, S., Horsch, Martin Thomas, Vrabec, J., Heinen, M., Chatwell, R. S., Homes, S., Guevara, G., Fingerhut, R., Kohns, M., Stephan, S., Horsch, Martin Thomas, and Vrabec, J.

Abstract

We are outlining our most recent findings, covering: 1) A comparison of a micro- and macroscopic solution of a two-phase Riemann problem obtained from molecular dynamics simulations and finite volume schemes; 2) A novel equation of state for the bulk viscosity of liquid noble gases based on a multi-mode relaxation ansatz; 3) A detailed analysis of the evaporation process of simple fluids; 4) Diffusion coefficients of quaternary liquid mixtures obtained with the Green-Kubo formalism; 5) An analysis of the solid/fluid phase transition for the face centered cubic (fcc) lattice; 6) The relative permittivity of mixtures of water and acetone; 7) An assessment of the reliability and reproducibility of molecular simulation results; 8) Techniques for the data management in simulation workflows, including annotations of simulation outcomes with appropriate metadata standardized by an ontology.

Published
2022

31. Modeling effectiveness of two runoff mitigation measures in the Netherlands

Author

Heinen, M., Beltman, W.H.J., Massop, H.T.L., Groenendijk, P., Dik, P.E., Sur, Robin, Heinen, M., Beltman, W.H.J., Massop, H.T.L., Groenendijk, P., Dik, P.E., and Sur, Robin

Abstract

Rainfall that exceeds the soil's maximum infiltration rate is prone to runoff, and the excess rainfall will flow toward open water systems. Nutrients, pesticides or other contaminants may be transported along with this overland flow, thus contaminating surface waters. There are various measures that can be implemented to prevent or reduce runoff, which involve either improving the soil's infiltration capacity or temporarily storing more water at the field scale. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two mitigation measures, i.e., micro-dams and edge-of-field trenches, in reducing the total number of runoff events and the runoff volume for specific rainfall events. For this purpose, numerical simulations were performed with a deterministic soil–water–atmosphere–plant model for reference situations and for situations involving either of the two mitigation measures. The mitigation measures are implemented as a change in the ponding threshold height above which the model predicts runoff. For this purpose, we considered several soil / groundwater level / crop / intrinsic field soil surface storage situations that are common in the Netherlands. For ridge-furrow cropping systems, micro-dams are more effective than edge-of-field trenches. Depending on the soil type (excluding sand), the minimum effectiveness is 70% and may be >90% in specific situations. For the edge-of-field trench, the reduction in runoff events was mostly in the 24–35% range, while the effectiveness for the runoff volume for a rainfall event that typically occurs once per year was in the 13–48% range (excluding sand). Due to the relatively high hydraulic conductivity at saturation for the sandy soils, runoff was simulated in only a few cases for these soils. The effectiveness was evidently dependent on intrinsic field soil surface storage and soil types, varied slightly between crop types and was very similar across the groundwater level classes considered.

Published
2022

32. A Review of Crop Husbandry and Soil Management Practices Using Meta-Analysis Studies: Towards Soil-Improving Cropping Systems

Author

Rietra, R.P.J.J., Heinen, M., Oenema, O., Rietra, R.P.J.J., Heinen, M., and Oenema, O.

Abstract

Coherent improvements in crop varieties and crop husbandry and soil management practices are needed to increase global crop production in a sustainable manner. However, these practices are often discussed separately, and as a result there is little overview. Here, we present a database and synthesis of 154 meta-analysis studies related to ten main crop husbandry and soil management practices, including crop type and rotations, tillage, drainage, nutrient management, irrigation and fertigation, weed management, pest management, crop residue management, mechanization and technology, and landscape management. Most meta-analysis studies were related to tillage (55), followed by crop type and rotations (32), nutrient management (25), crop residue management (19), and irrigation and fertigation (18). Few studies were related to landscape management (6) and mechanization and technology (2). In terms of outcome, studies focused on crop yield and quality (81), soil quality (73), and environmental impacts (56), and little on economic effects (7) or resource use efficiency (24). Reported effects of alternative practices, relative to conventional practice, were positive in general. Effect sizes were relatively large for environmental effects (nutrient leaching, greenhouse gas emissions), and small for soil quality (except for soil life) and crop yield. Together, meta-analysis studies indicate that there is large scope for increasing cropland productivity and minimizing environmental impacts. A roadmap is provided for integration and optimization of all ten practices, and recommendations are formulated to address the gaps in meta-analysis studies.

Published
2022

33. Ondergrondse druppelirrigatie : Modelonderzoek effect installatiediepte op een zandgrond

Author

Heinen, M. and Heinen, M.

Abstract

Als gevolg van klimaatverandering ervaren we meer drogere periodes in de zomer tijdens het groeiseizoen. Dat betekent dat er een toename zal plaatsvinden van beregening of irrigatie om het neerslagtekort (deels) op te heffen. Bij beregenen treden verliezen op als gevolg van verdampen tijdens het beregenen, het verwaaien naar elders, en interceptie door het gewas. Druppelirrigatie kan gezien worden als een efficiëntere manier om het water toe te dienen. Bij oppervlakkige toediening (beregenen, bovengrondse druppelirrigatie) blijft de bodem aan maaiveld nat, waardoor bodemverdamping een deel van het water verbruikt. Ondergrondse druppelirrigatie kan dit effect opheffen. Afgezien van praktische en economische aspecten over de haalbaarheid van ondergrondse druppelirrigatie is het gewenst om na te gaan of dit een efficiëntere manier van watergeven is, of dat het water dat op (grotere) diepte wordt toegediend alsnog niet beschikbaar is voor opname door het gewas. Het doel van dit onderzoek was om met behulp van een driedimensionaal simulatiemodel na te gaan of het toegediende water op een zandgrond beschikbaar blijft in de wortelzone voor gewasopname of dat een deel naar de diepere ondergrond stroomt en eventueel terecht komt in het grondwater.

Published
2022

47. Public beliefs about the consequences of living with obesity in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Author

Spyreli, Eleni, McGowan, L, Heery, E, Kelly, A, Croker, H, Lawlor, C, O'Neill, R, Kelleher, CC, McCarthy, M, Wall, P, Heinen, MM, Kelleher, C C, and Heinen, M M

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to capture public beliefs about living with obesity, examine how these beliefs have changed over time and to explore whether certain characteristics were associated with them in a nationally representative sample of adults from the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and Northern Ireland (NI).Methods: A cross-sectional survey employed a random quota sampling approach to recruit a nationally representative sample of 1046 adults across NI and RoI. Telephone interviews captured information on demographics; health behaviours & attitudes; and beliefs about the consequences of obesity (measured using the Obesity Beliefs Scale). Univariable analyses compared beliefs about the consequences of living with obesity between participants with a self-reported healthy weight and those living with overweight or obesity, and non-responders (those for whom weight status could not be ascertained due to missing data). Multiple linear regression examined associations between obesity-related beliefs and socio-demographics, self-rated health and perceived ability to change health behaviours. Multiple linear regression also compared changes in obesity-related beliefs between 2013 and 2020 in the RoI.Results: Higher endorsement of the negative outcomes of obesity was significantly associated with living with a healthy weight, higher self-rated health, dietary quality and perceived ability to improve diet and physical activity. Those who lived with overweight, with obesity and non-responders were less likely to endorse the negative consequences of obesity. Those living with obesity and non-responders were also more likely to support there is an increased cost and effort in maintaining a healthy weight. Comparison with survey data from 2013 showed that currently, there is a greater endorsement of the health benefits of maintaining a healthy weight (p < 0001), but also of the increased costs associated with it (p < 0001).Conclusion: Beliefs about the consequences of maintaining a healthy body weight are associated with individuals' weight, self-rated health, diet and perceived ease of adoption of dietary and exercise-related improvements. Beliefs about the health risks of obesity and perceived greater costs associated with maintaining a healthy weight appear to have strengthened over time. Present findings are pertinent to researchers and policy makers involved in the design and framing of interventions to address obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author

Iurilli, M.L.C. Zhou, B. Bennett, J.E. Carrillo-Larco, R.M. Sophiea, M.K. Rodriguez-Martinez, A. Bixby, H. Solomon, B.D. Taddei, C. Danaei, G. Di Cesare, M. Stevens, G.A. Riley, L.M. Savin, S. Cowan, M.J. Bovet, P. Damasceno, A. Chirita-Emandi, A. Hayes, A.J. Ikeda, N. Jackson, R.T. Khang, Y.-H. Laxmaiah, A. Liu, J. Miranda, J.J. Saidi, O. Sebert, S. Sorić, M. Starc, G. Gregg, E.W. Abarca-Gómez, L. Abdeen, Z.A. Abdrakhmanova, S. Ghaffar, S.A. Rahim, H.F.A. Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. Garba, J.A. Acosta-Cazares, B. Adams, R.J. Aekplakorn, W. Afsana, K. Afzal, S. Agdeppa, I.A. Aghazadeh-Attari, J. Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. Agyemang, C. Ahmad, M.H. Ahmad, N.A. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadi, N. Ahmed, S.H. Ahrens, W. Aitmurzaeva, G. Ajlouni, K. Al-Hazzaa, H.M. Al-Lahou, B. Al-Raddadi, R. Alarouj, M. AlBuhairan, F. AlDhukair, S. Ali, M.M. Alkandari, A. Alkerwi, A. Allin, K. Alvarez-Pedrerol, M. Aly, E. Amarapurkar, D.N. Amiri, P. Amougou, N. Amouyel, P. Andersen, L.B. Anderssen, S.A. Ängquist, L. Anjana, R.M. Ansari-Moghaddam, A. Aounallah-Skhiri, H. Araújo, J. Ariansen, I. Aris, T. Arku, R.E. Arlappa, N. Aryal, K.K. Aspelund, T. Assah, F.K. Assunção, M.C.F. Aung, M.S. Auvinen, J. Mária Avdicová Avi, S. Azevedo, A. Azimi-Nezhad, M. Azizi, F. Azmin, M. Babu, B.V. Bæksgaard Jørgensen, M. Baharudin, A. Bahijri, S. Baker, J.L. Balakrishna, N. Bamoshmoosh, M. Banach, M. Bandosz, P. Banegas, J.R. Baran, J. Barbagallo, C.M. Barceló, A. Barkat, A. Barros, A.J.D. Barros, M.V.G. Basit, A. Bastos, J.L.D. Bata, I. Batieha, A.M. Batista, R.L. Battakova, Z. Batyrbek, A. Baur, L.A. Beaglehole, R. Bel-Serrat, S. Belavendra, A. Romdhane, H.B. Benedics, J. Benet, M. Bergh, I.H. Berkinbayev, S. Bernabe-Ortiz, A. Bernotiene, G. Bettiol, H. Bezerra, J. Bhagyalaxmi, A. Bharadwaj, S. Bhargava, S.K. Bhutta, Z.A. Bi, H. Bi, Y. Bia, D. Lele, E.C.B. Bikbov, M.M. Bista, B. Bjelica, D.J. Bjerregaard, P. Bjertness, E. Bjertness, M.B. Björkelund, C. Bloch, K.V. Blokstra, A. Bo, S. Bobak, M. Boddy, L.M. Boehm, B.O. Boeing, H. Boggia, J.G. Bogova, E. Boissonnet, C.P. Bojesen, S.E. Bonaccio, M. Bongard, V. Bonilla-Vargas, A. Bopp, M. Borghs, H. Braeckevelt, L. Braeckman, L. Bragt, M.C.E. Brajkovich, I. Branca, F. Breckenkamp, J. Breda, J. Brenner, H. Brewster, L.M. Brian, G.R. Brinduse, L. Brophy, S. Bruno, G. Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. Bugge, A. Buoncristiano, M. Burazeri, G. Burns, C. de León, A.C. Cacciottolo, J. Cai, H. Cama, T. Cameron, C. Camolas, J. Can, G. Candido, A.P.C. Cañete, F. Capanzana, M.V. Capková, N. Capuano, E. Capuano, V. Cardol, M. Cardoso, V.C. Carlsson, A.C. Carmuega, E. Carvalho, J. Casajús, J.A. Casanueva, F.F. Celikcan, E. Censi, L. Cervantes-Loaiza, M. Cesar, J.A. Chamukuttan, S. Chan, A.W. Chan, Q. Chaturvedi, H.K. Chaturvedi, N. Rahim, N.C.A. Chee, M.L. Chen, C.-J. Chen, F. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, Z. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheraghian, B. Chetrit, A. Chikova-Iscener, E. Chiolero, A. Chiou, S.-T. Chirlaque, M.-D. Cho, B. Christensen, K. Christofaro, D.G. Chudek, J. Cifkova, R. Cilia, M. Cinteza, E. Claessens, F. Clarke, J. Clays, E. Cohen, E. Concin, H. Confortin, S.C. Cooper, C. Coppinger, T.C. Corpeleijn, E. Costanzo, S. Cottel, D. Cowell, C. Craig, C.L. Crampin, A.C. Crujeiras, A.B. Csilla, S. Cucu, A.M. Cui, L. Cureau, F.V. Czenczek-Lewandowska, E. D’Arrigo, G. d’Orsi, E. Dacica, L. Dal Re Saavedra, M.A. Dallongeville, J. Damsgaard, C.T. Dankner, R. Dantoft, T.M. Dasgupta, P. Dastgiri, S. Dauchet, L. Davletov, K. De Backer, G. De Bacquer, D. de Gaetano, G. De Henauw, S. de Oliveira, P.D. De Ridder, D. De Ridder, K. de Rooij, S.R. De Smedt, D. Deepa, M. Deev, A.D. DeGennaro, V., Jr Dehghan, A. Delisle, H. Delpeuch, F. Demarest, S. Dennison, E. Dereń, K. Deschamps, V. Dhimal, M. Di Castelnuovo, A.F. Dias-da-Costa, J.S. Díaz-Sánchez, M.E. Diaz, A. Dika, Z. Djalalinia, S. Djordjic, V. Do, H.T.P. Dobson, A.J. Donati, M.B. Donfrancesco, C. Donoso, S.P. Döring, A. Dorobantu, M. Dorosty, A.R. Doua, K. Dragano, N. Drygas, W. Duan, J.L. Duante, C.A. Duboz, P. 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Subjects
nutritional and metabolic diseases, sense organs, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. © Copyright.

Published
2021

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