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2. Light Cannabis Use and the Adolescent Brain: An 8-years Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health, Cognition, and Reward Processing

Author

Macedo, Inês, Paiva, Tiago O., Pasion, Rita, Daedelow, Laura, Heinz, Andreas, Magalhães, Ana, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L. W., Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Brühl, Rüdiger, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Holz, Nathalie, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Vaidya, Nilakshi, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, and Barbosa, Fernando

Published
2024
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5. The genetic architecture of the human hypothalamus and its involvement in neuropsychiatric behaviours and disorders

Author

Chen, Shi-Dong, You, Jia, Zhang, Wei, Wu, Bang-Sheng, Ge, Yi-Jun, Xiang, Shi-Tong, Du, Jing, Kuo, Kevin, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Gareth J., Bokde, Arun L. W., Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Brühl, Rüdiger, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Lemaitre, Herve, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Millenet, Sabina, Baeuchl, Christian, Smolka, Michael N., Vaidya, Nilakshi, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Feng, Jian-Feng, Dong, Qiang, Cheng, Wei, and Yu, Jin-Tai

Published
2024
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6. Zusammenfassung

Author

Heinz, Andreas, Bargende, Michael, Series Editor, Reuss, Hans-Christian, Series Editor, Wiedemann, Jochen, Series Editor, and Heinz, Andreas

Published
2024
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8. Einleitung

Author

Heinz, Andreas, Bargende, Michael, Series Editor, Reuss, Hans-Christian, Series Editor, Wiedemann, Jochen, Series Editor, and Heinz, Andreas

Published
2024
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10. Grundlagen

Author

Heinz, Andreas, Bargende, Michael, Series Editor, Reuss, Hans-Christian, Series Editor, Wiedemann, Jochen, Series Editor, and Heinz, Andreas

Published
2024
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12. Stand der Technik

Author

Heinz, Andreas, Bargende, Michael, Series Editor, Reuss, Hans-Christian, Series Editor, Wiedemann, Jochen, Series Editor, and Heinz, Andreas

Published
2024
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19. Whole-brain gray matter maturation trajectories associated with autistic traits from adolescence to early adulthood

Author

Gros, Guillaume, Miranda Marcos, Ruben, Latrille, Anthony, Saitovitch, Ana, Gollier-Briant, Fanny, Fossati, Philippe, Schmidt, Liane, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Gareth J., Bokde, Arun L. W., Desrivières, Sylvane, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Brühl, Rüdiger, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Holz, Nathalie, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Vaidya, Nilakshi, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Lemaitre, Hervé, and Vulser, Hélène

Published
2024
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20. Differential associations of adolescent versus young adult cannabis initiation with longitudinal brain change and behavior

Author

Albaugh, Matthew D., Owens, Max M., Juliano, Anthony, Ottino-Gonzalez, Jonatan, Cupertino, Renata, Cao, Zhipeng, Mackey, Scott, Lepage, Claude, Rioux, Pierre, Evans, Alan, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L. W., Conrod, Patricia, Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Millenet, Sabina, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Potter, Alexandra, and Garavan, Hugh

Published
2023
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21. Measuring self-regulation in everyday life: Reliability and validity of smartphone-based experiments in alcohol use disorder

Author

Zech, Hilmar, Waltmann, Maria, Lee, Ying, Reichert, Markus, Bedder, Rachel L., Rutledge, Robb B., Deeken, Friederike, Wenzel, Julia, Wedemeyer, Friederike, Aguilera, Alvaro, Aslan, Acelya, Bach, Patrick, Bahr, Nadja S., Ebrahimi, Claudia, Fischbach, Pascale C., Ganz, Marvin, Garbusow, Maria, Großkopf, Charlotte M., Heigert, Marie, Hentschel, Angela, Belanger, Matthew, Karl, Damian, Pelz, Patricia, Pinger, Mathieu, Riemerschmid, Carlotta, Rosenthal, Annika, Steffen, Johannes, Strehle, Jens, Weiss, Franziska, Wieder, Gesine, Wieland, Alfred, Zaiser, Judith, Zimmermann, Sina, Liu, Shuyan, Goschke, Thomas, Walter, Henrik, Tost, Heike, Lenz, Bernd, Andoh, Jamila, Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich, Rapp, Michael A., Heinz, Andreas, Dolan, Ray, Smolka, Michael N., and Deserno, Lorenz

Published
2023
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22. Covariation of preadult environmental exposures, adult brain imaging phenotypes, and adult personality traits

Author

Xue, Kaizhong, Gao, Bo, Chen, Feng, Wang, Meiyun, Cheng, Jingliang, Zhang, Bing, Zhu, Wenzhen, Qiu, Shijun, Geng, Zuojun, Zhang, Xiaochu, Cui, Guangbin, Yu, Yongqiang, Zhang, Quan, Liao, Weihua, Zhang, Hui, Xu, Xiaojun, Han, Tong, Qin, Wen, Liu, Feng, Liang, Meng, Guo, Lining, Xu, Qiang, Xu, Jiayuan, Fu, Jilian, Zhang, Peng, Li, Wei, Shi, Dapeng, Wang, Caihong, Lui, Su, Yan, Zhihan, Zhang, Jing, Li, Jiance, Wang, Dawei, Xian, Junfang, Xu, Kai, Zuo, Xi-Nian, Zhang, Longjiang, Ye, Zhaoxiang, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Gareth J., Bokde, Arun L. W., Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Brühl, Rüdiger, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Lemaitre, Herve, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Holz, Nathalie, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Vaidya, Nilakshi, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Shen, Wen, Miao, Yanwei, and Yu, Chunshui

Published
2023
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33. A stable and replicable neural signature of lifespan adversity in the adult brain

Author

Holz, Nathalie E., Zabihi, Mariam, Kia, Seyed Mostafa, Monninger, Maximillian, Aggensteiner, Pascal-M., Siehl, Sebastian, Floris, Dorothea L., Bokde, Arun L. W., Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Brühl, Rüdiger, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Vaidya, Nilakshi, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Brandeis, Daniel, Buitelaar, Jan K., Nees, Frauke, Beckmann, Christian, Banaschewski, Tobias, and Marquand, Andre F.

Published
2023
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34. Autistic traits and alcohol use in adolescents within the general population

Author

Pijnenburg, Lisa J., Kaplun, Anais, de Haan, Lieuwe, Janecka, Magdalena, Smith, Lauren, Reichenberg, Abraham, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L. W., Quinlan, Erin Burke, Desrivières, Sylvane, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Millenet, Sabina, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, and Velthorst, Eva

Published
2023
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37. Assessing general versus specific liability for externalizing problems in adolescence: Concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and substance use.

Author

Perkins, Emily, Foell, Jens, Drislane, Laura, Brislin, Sarah, Frick, Paul, Yancey, James, Soto, Elia, Ganley, Colleen, Keel, Pamela, Sica, Claudio, Flor, Herta, Nees, Frauke, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun, Desrivières, Sylvane, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Fröhner, Juliane, Smolka, Michael, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Patrick, Christopher, and Joyner, Keanan

Subjects
Adolescent, Alcoholism, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Conduct Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Substance-Related Disorders
Abstract

This study explored the generality versus specificity of two trait-liability factors for externalizing problems-disinhibition and callousness-in the concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and substance use (i.e., alcohol use disorder and history of illicit substance use). Disinhibition involves an impulsive, unrestrained cognitive-behavioral style; callousness entails a dispositional lack of social-emotional sensitivity. Participants were European adolescents from the multisite IMAGEN project who completed questionnaires and clinical interviews at ages 14 (N = 1,504, Mage = 14.41, 51.13% female) and 16 (N = 1,407, Mage = 16.46, 51.88% female). Disinhibition was related concurrently and prospectively to greater symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and alcohol use disorder; higher scores on a general externalizing factor; and greater likelihood of having tried an illicit substance. Callousness was selectively related to greater conduct disorder symptoms. These findings indicate disinhibition confers broad liability for externalizing spectrum disorders, perhaps due to its affiliated deficits in executive function. In contrast, callousness appears to represent more specific liability for antagonistic (aggressive/exploitative) forms of externalizing, as exemplified by antisocial behavior. Results support the utility of developmental-ontogenetic and hierarchical-dimensional models of psychopathology and have important implications for early assessment of risk for externalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2022

44. The relationship between negative life events and cortical structural connectivity in adolescents

Author

Sibilia, Francesca, Jost-Mousseau, Coline, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Gareth J., Büchel, Christian, Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Poustka, Luise, Millenet, Sabina, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, and Bokde, Arun L.W.

Published
2024
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45. Temporo-basal sulcal connections: a manual annotation protocol and an investigation of sexual dimorphism and heritability

Author

de Matos, Kevin, Cury, Claire, Chougar, Lydia, Strike, Lachlan T., Rolland, Thibault, Riche, Maximilien, Hemforth, Lisa, Martin, Alexandre, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L. W., Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Brühl, Rüdiger, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Lemaitre, Herve, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Millenet, Sabina, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Vaidya, Nilakshi, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Frouin, Vincent, Bach Cuadra, Meritxell, Colliot, Olivier, and Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste

Published
2023
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46. A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity

Author

Xie, Chao, Xiang, Shitong, Shen, Chun, Peng, Xuerui, Kang, Jujiao, Li, Yuzhu, Cheng, Wei, He, Shiqi, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Gareth J., Bokde, Arun L. W., Bromberg, Uli, Büchel, Christian, Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Sahakian, Barbara J., Robbins, Trevor W., Schumann, Gunter, Jia, Tianye, and Feng, Jianfeng

Published
2023
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47. A methodological checklist for fMRI drug cue reactivity studies: development and expert consensus

Author

Ekhtiari, Hamed, Zare-Bidoky, Mehran, Sangchooli, Arshiya, Janes, Amy C, Kaufman, Marc J, Oliver, Jason A, Prisciandaro, James J, Wüstenberg, Torsten, Anton, Raymond F, Bach, Patrick, Baldacchino, Alex, Beck, Anne, Bjork, James M, Brewer, Judson, Childress, Anna Rose, Claus, Eric D, Courtney, Kelly E, Ebrahimi, Mohsen, Filbey, Francesca M, Ghahremani, Dara G, Azbari, Peyman Ghobadi, Goldstein, Rita Z, Goudriaan, Anna E, Grodin, Erica N, Hamilton, J Paul, Hanlon, Colleen A, Hassani-Abharian, Peyman, Heinz, Andreas, Joseph, Jane E, Kiefer, Falk, Zonoozi, Arash Khojasteh, Kober, Hedy, Kuplicki, Rayus, Li, Qiang, London, Edythe D, McClernon, Joseph, Noori, Hamid R, Owens, Max M, Paulus, Martin P, Perini, Irene, Potenza, Marc, Potvin, Stéphane, Ray, Lara, Schacht, Joseph P, Seo, Dongju, Sinha, Rajita, Smolka, Michael N, Spanagel, Rainer, Steele, Vaughn R, Stein, Elliot A, Steins-Loeber, Sabine, Tapert, Susan F, Verdejo-Garcia, Antonio, Vollstädt-Klein, Sabine, Wetherill, Reagan R, Wilson, Stephen J, Witkiewitz, Katie, Yuan, Kai, Zhang, Xiaochu, and Zilverstand, Anna

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Substance Misuse, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Checklist, Cues, Delphi Technique, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reproducibility of Results, Chemical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics
Abstract

Cue reactivity is one of the most frequently used paradigms in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of substance use disorders (SUDs). Although there have been promising results elucidating the neurocognitive mechanisms of SUDs and SUD treatments, the interpretability and reproducibility of these studies is limited by incomplete reporting of participants' characteristics, task design, craving assessment, scanning preparation and analysis decisions in fMRI drug cue reactivity (FDCR) experiments. This hampers clinical translation, not least because systematic review and meta-analysis of published work are difficult. This consensus paper and Delphi study aims to outline the important methodological aspects of FDCR research, present structured recommendations for more comprehensive methods reporting and review the FDCR literature to assess the reporting of items that are deemed important. Forty-five FDCR scientists from around the world participated in this study. First, an initial checklist of items deemed important in FDCR studies was developed by several members of the Enhanced NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analyses (ENIGMA) Addiction working group on the basis of a systematic review. Using a modified Delphi consensus method, all experts were asked to comment on, revise or add items to the initial checklist, and then to rate the importance of each item in subsequent rounds. The reporting status of the items in the final checklist was investigated in 108 recently published FDCR studies identified through a systematic review. By the final round, 38 items reached the consensus threshold and were classified under seven major categories: 'Participants' Characteristics', 'General fMRI Information', 'General Task Information', 'Cue Information', 'Craving Assessment Inside Scanner', 'Craving Assessment Outside Scanner' and 'Pre- and Post-Scanning Considerations'. The review of the 108 FDCR papers revealed significant gaps in the reporting of the items considered important by the experts. For instance, whereas items in the 'General fMRI Information' category were reported in 90.5% of the reviewed papers, items in the 'Pre- and Post-Scanning Considerations' category were reported by only 44.7% of reviewed FDCR studies. Considering the notable and sometimes unexpected gaps in the reporting of items deemed to be important by experts in any FDCR study, the protocols could benefit from the adoption of reporting standards. This checklist, a living document to be updated as the field and its methods advance, can help improve experimental design, reporting and the widespread understanding of the FDCR protocols. This checklist can also provide a sample for developing consensus statements for protocols in other areas of task-based fMRI.

Published
2022

48. Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders

Author

Zhang, Zuo, Robinson, Lauren, Campbell, Iain, Irish, Madeleine, Bobou, Marina, Winterer, Jeanne, Zhang, Yuning, King, Sinead, Vaidya, Nilakshi, Broulidakis, M. John, van Noort, Betteke Maria, Stringaris, Argyris, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L.W., Brühl, Rüdiger, Fröhner, Juliane H., Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Hohmann, Sarah, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Sinclair, Julia, Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Schmidt, Ulrike, and Desrivières, Sylvane

Published
2024
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49. Adolescents’ pain-related ontogeny shares a neural basis with adults’ chronic pain in basothalamo-cortical organization

Author

Heukamp, Nils Jannik, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L.W., Desrivières, Sylvane, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Kandić, Mina, Brühl, Rüdiger, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Lemaitre, Herve, Löffler, Martin, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Millenet, Sabina, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Usai, Katrin, Vaidya, Nilakshi, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Flor, Herta, and Nees, Frauke

Published
2024
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50. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high‐risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Author

Zwarte, Sonja MC, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso‐Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth EL, Cahn, Wiepke, Canales‐Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro‐Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Bonnin, Caterina Mar, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó‐Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goikolea, Jose M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Ongun, Ceren Hidiroglu, Hillegers, Manon HJ, Houenou, Josselin, Pol, Hilleke E Hulshoff, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka MG, Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S, McDonald, Colm, Meyer‐Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B, Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M, Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A, Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J, Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M, Piguet, Camille, Pomarol‐Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S, Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Aydogan, Aybala Saricicek, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R, Simsek, Esma M, Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R, Whalley, Heather C, Wu, Mon‐Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A, Ching, Christopher RK, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Erp, Theo GM, Jahanshad, Neda, and Thompson, Paul M

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Clinical Research, Serious Mental Illness, Neurosciences, Schizophrenia, Mental Health, Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Cognitive Dysfunction, Educational Status, Family, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Intelligence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, bipolar disorder, education, intelligence, neuroimaging, relatives, schizophrenia, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.

Published
2022

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