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Due to the unprecedented situation caused by a global pandemic, the traditional way of teaching that is reliant on face-to-face interaction between teachers and students has been dismantled. This article looks into university teachers’ experiences of teaching under lockdown, with an intention to understand what the change meant in terms of social practice. The research follows a qualitative design, in which ten university teachers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Three themes interwoven with a common thread were identified through teachers’ reflections, including displacement, routine, and role. The common thread was identified as the interaction between teachers and students, and analysing the quality of this interaction led to understanding the social kernel of teaching as embedded in social practice, suggesting that physical dislocation demands teachers to recreate meaning in the new situation. This change has been seen as difficult, yet unpacking teachers’ perceptions provided valuable lessons for the future.

The 10–23 DNAzyme is one of the most prominent catalytically active DNA sequences1,2. Its ability to cleave a wide range of RNA targets with high selectivity entails a substantial therapeutic and biotechnological potential2. However, the high expectations have not yet been met, a fact that coincides with the lack of high-resolution and time-resolved information about its mode of action3. Here we provide high-resolution NMR characterization of all apparent states of the prototypic 10–23 DNAzyme and present a comprehensive survey of the kinetics and dynamics of its catalytic function. The determined structure and identified metal-ion-binding sites of the precatalytic DNAzyme–RNA complex reveal that the basis of the DNA-mediated catalysis is an interplay among three factors: an unexpected, yet exciting molecular architecture; distinct conformational plasticity; and dynamic modulation by metal ions. We further identify previously hidden rate-limiting transient intermediate states in the DNA-mediated catalytic process via real-time NMR measurements. Using a rationally selected single-atom replacement, we could considerably enhance the performance of the DNAzyme, demonstrating that the acquired knowledge of the molecular structure, its plasticity and the occurrence of long-lived intermediate states constitutes a valuable starting point for the rational design of next-generation DNAzymes.

New social actors have emerged with the social media. Among them, we highlighted the digital influencers, people who have millions of online followers, and induce them in favor or against products and brands to be consumed. Therefore, we aimed to analyze this endorsement process carried out by digital influencers in their online profiles, having as research field the fitness market that encourages people to evaluate and work tirelessly in their bodies. We used the Semiotic Image Analysis to investigate the postings of three Brazilian digital fitness influencers and identified four categories that configure the post format: body exposure, body extension, interaction between influencer and brand/product, and interaction between influencer and followers. By means of these categories, we identified that these influencers act as brand avatars, creating an intense link with these products, exposing their bodies in advertisements and extending the meanings of their good shape to endorsed goods and services. Han surgido nuevos actores sociales con Internet. Entre ellos, destacamos a los influencers digitales, personas que tienen millones de seguidores online, y los influyen a favor o en contra de productos y marcas para ser consumidos. Nos propusimos analizar este proceso de aval que realizan los influencers digitales en sus perfiles online, teniendo como campo de investigación el mercado del fitness que incita a las personas a evaluar y trabajar incansablemente en su cuerpo. Utilizamos el Análisis de imagen semiótica para investigar las publicaciones de tres influencers brasileños e identificamos cuatro categorías que configuran el formato de la publicación: exposición corporal, extensión corporal, interacción entre influencer y marca/producto, e interacción entre influencer y seguidores. Mediante estas categorías, identificamos que estos influencers actúan como avatares de marca, creando un vínculo intenso con productos, exponiendo sus cuerpos en anuncios y extendiendo los significados de su buena forma a bienes y servicios avalados.

Fluorine NMR has recently gained high popularity in drug discovery as it allows efficient and sensitive screening of large numbers of ligands. However, the positive hits found in screening must subsequently be ranked according to their affinity in order to prioritize them for follow-up chemistry. Unfortunately, the primary read-out from the screening experiments, namely the increased relaxation rate upon binding, is not proportional to the affinity of the ligand, as it is polluted by effects such as exchange broadening. Here we present the method CSAR (Chemical Shift-anisotropy-based Affinity Ranking) for reliable ranking of fluorinated ligands by NMR, without the need of isotope labeled protein, titrations or setting up a reporter format. Our strategy is to produce relaxation data that is directly proportional to the binding affinity. This is achieved by removing all other contributions to relaxation as follows: (i) exchange effects are efficiently suppressed by using high power spin lock pulses, (ii) dipolar relaxation effects are approximately subtracted by measuring at two different magnetic fields and (iii) differences in chemical shift anisotropy are normalized using calculated values. A similar ranking can be obtained with the simplified approach FastCSAR that relies on a measurement of a single relaxation experiment at high field (preferably > 600 MHz). An affinity ranking obtained in this simple way will enable prioritizing ligands and thus improve the efficiency of fragment-based drug design.

Fluorine NMR has recently gained high popularity in drug discovery as it allows efficient and sensitive screening of large numbers of ligands. However, the positive hits found in screening must subsequently be ranked according to their affinity in order to prioritize them for follow-up chemistry. Unfortunately, the primary read-out from the screening experiments, namely the increased relaxation rate upon binding, is not proportional to the affinity of the ligand, as it is polluted by effects such as exchange broadening. Here we present the method CSAR (Chemical Shift-anisotropy-based Affinity Ranking) for reliable ranking of fluorinated ligands by NMR, without the need of isotope labeled protein, titrations or setting up a reporter format. Our strategy is to produce relaxation data that is directly proportional to the binding affinity. This is achieved by removing all other contributions to relaxation as follows: (i) exchange effects are efficiently suppressed by using high power spin lock pulses, (ii) dipolar relaxation effects are approximately subtracted by measuring at two different magnetic fields and (iii) differences in chemical shift anisotropy are normalized using calculated values. A similar ranking can be obtained with the simplified approach FastCSAR that relies on a measurement of a single relaxation experiment at high field (preferably 600 MHz). An affinity ranking obtained in this simple way will enable prioritizing ligands and thus improve the efficiency of fragment-based drug design.

Atomic-level information about the structure and dynamics of biomolecules is critical for an understanding of their function. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides unique insights into the dynamic nature of biomolecules and their interactions, capturing transient conformers and their features. However, relaxation-induced line broadening and signal overlap make it challenging to apply NMR spectroscopy to large biological systems. Here we took advantage of the high sensitivity and broad chemical shift range of 19F nuclei and leveraged the remarkable relaxation properties of the aromatic 19F-13C spin pair to disperse 19F resonances in a two-dimensional transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy spectrum. We demonstrate the application of 19F-13C transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy to investigate proteins and nucleic acids. This experiment expands the scope of 19F NMR in the study of the structure, dynamics, and function of large and complex biological systems and provides a powerful background-free NMR probe.

The article aims to analyze the forms of engagement generated from the endorsement of products by digital influencers on Instagram, considering the characteristics of their online posts. A qualitative approach was used to investigate digital influencers’ posts based on semiotic image analysis and the critical incidents technique. The results reinforced that digital platforms enable distinct forms of engagement by establishing new configurations that affect relationship marketing and promotion strategies. In particular, on Instagram, the development of engagement can involve four participants who play different social roles, expanding the process of value co-creation.

Recording NMR signals of several nuclear species simultaneously by using parallel receivers provides more information from a single measurement and at the same time increases the measurement sensitivity per unit time. Here we present a comprehensive series of the most frequently used NMR experiments modified for simultaneous direct detection of two of the most sensitive NMR nuclei - (1) H and (19) F. We hope that the presented material will stimulate interest in and further development of this technique.

In RNA secondary structure determination, it is essential to determine whether a nucleotide is base-paired and not. Base-pairing of nucleotides is mediated by hydrogen bonds. The NMR characterization of hydrogen bonds relies on experiments correlating the NMR resonances of exchangeable protons and can be best performed for structured parts of the RNA, where labile hydrogen atoms are protected from solvent exchange. Functionally important regions in RNA, however, frequently reveal increased dynamic disorder which often leads to NMR signals of exchangeable protons that are broadened beyond (1)H detection. Here, we develop (13)C direct detected experiments to observe all nucleotides in RNA irrespective of whether they are involved in hydrogen bonds or not. Exploiting the self-decoupling of scalar couplings due to the exchange process, the hydrogen bonding behavior of the hydrogen bond donor of each individual nucleotide can be determined. Furthermore, the adaption of HNN-COSY experiments for (13)C direct detection allows correlations of donor-acceptor pairs and the localization of hydrogen-bond acceptor nucleotides. The proposed (13)C direct detected experiments therefore provide information about molecular sites not amenable by conventional proton-detected methods. Such information makes the RNA secondary structure determination by NMR more accurate and helps to validate secondary structure predictions based on bioinformatics.

We propose several significant improvements to the PANSY (Parallel NMR SpectroscopY) experiments—PANSY COSY and PANSY-TOCSY. The improved versions of these experiments provide sufficient spectral information for structure elucidation of small organic molecules from just two 2D experiments. The PANSY-TOCSY-Q experiment has been modified to allow for simultaneous acquisition of three different types of NMR spectra—1D C-13 of non-protonated carbon sites, 2D TOCSY and multiplicity edited 2D HETCOR. In addition the J-filtered 2D PANSY-gCOSY experiment records a 2D HH gCOSY spectrum in parallel with a 1J-filtered HC long-range HETCOR spectrum as well as offers a simplified data processing. In addition to parallel acquisition, further time savings are feasible because of significantly smaller F1 spectral windows as compared to the indirect detection experiments. Use of cryoprobes and multiple receivers can significantly alleviate the sensitivity issues that are usually associated with the so called direct detection experiments. In cases where experiments are sampling limited rather than sensitivity limited further reduction of experiment time is achieved by using Hadamard encoding. In favorable cases the total recording time for the two PANSY experiments can be reduced to just 40 s. The proposed PANSY experiments provide sufficient information to allow the CMCse software package (Bruker) to solve structures of small organic molecules. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The way media presents fat people in ads is the focus of this paper. We analyzed, from the perspective of non-fat individuals the role played by fat people in Brazilian TV commercials. Therefore, there were one focus group with people who have seen advertisements in which the protagonist was a fat guy. There was initially a content analysis of a collection of commercial as well as the content of the discussions in which it was built a map of the social representation of 'being fat' in these messages. The analyzes stressed that these protagonists present themselves in order to provoke laughter through humor. Because of this, stigmas as 'comical', 'weird' and 'weak' are formed from their stereotypes and roles. The question that remains is how far these interpretations may affect the brand image conveyed, considering that the obesity phenomenon is present in everyday life of most consumers. Key words: Television commercials, fat people, stigma.

Three improved 13C-spinlock experiments for side chain assignments of isotope labelled proteins in liquid state are presented. These are based on wide bandwidth spinlock techniques that have become possible with contemporary cryogenic probes. The first application, the H(CaliCaro)H-TOCSY, is an HCCH-TOCSY in which all CHn moieties of a protein are detected in a single experiment, including the aromatic ones. This enables unambiguous assignment of aromatic and aliphatic amino acids in a single, highly sensitive experiment. In the second application, the 13C-detected Call-TOCSY, magnetization transfer comprises all carbons—aliphatic, aromatic as well as the carbonyl carbons—making the complete carbon assignment possible using one spectrum only. Thirdly, the frequently used HC(CCO)NH experiment was redesigned by replacing the long C-carbonyl refocused INEPT transfer step by direct 13C–13C-TOCSY magnetization transfer from side chain carbons to the backbone carbonyls. The resulting HC(CCO)NH experiment minimizes relaxation losses because it is shorter and represents a more sensitive alternative particularly for larger proteins. The performance of the experiments is demonstrated on isotope labeled proteins up to the size of 43 kDa.

Information available in websites encompasses symbols and hints that help consumers to construct images of the enterprises by interpreting the attributes and benefits of the services and products being offered. A direct communication between company and consumer is thus established. To understand how this communication system works, this article makes use of semiotics as an approach to dealing with the data, and to make hypotheses on how effective the messages are. The propositions made relate to the strategies the enterprises may follow to overcome the intangibility problem – a common feature of services – and establish a brand identity for them. The qualitative research that supports this article focused on the website of the Accord Hotels Network in Brazil, an organization that works with several types of hotels. It was found that the problem of how to create in the consumer a mental image distinctive of a service with so many tangible and intangible features is a complex one which can only be solved with the recourse to diversified and well defined strategies.

Resumo Estereótipos positivos e negativos estão presentes em comunicações de marketing e são apresentados aos consumidores de forma indiscriminada. Com a atual epidemia de obesidade mundial, propagandas televisivas que se utilizam de indivíduos obesos em situações estigmatizadas não são exceção. Este artigo analisa o papel desempenhado por pessoas gordas em propagandas veiculadas na televisão sob a ótica de estigmas e estereótipos. Para tanto, realizaram-se três grupos focais com sujeitos que assistiram propagandas em que o protagonista era um indivíduo gordo. Fez-se inicialmente a análise do conteúdo de uma coleção de comerciais, bem como do corpus da pesquisa na qual se construiu uma figura representativa do “ser gordo” nessas mensagens. Sobressaiu nas análises que esses protagonistas apresentam-se com o objetivo de provocar o riso por meio do humor. Por conta disso, estigmas como “cômicos”, “estranhos” e “fracos” são formados a partir dos seus estereótipos e papéis desempenhados. Ao avançar nas investigações, questiona-se até que ponto essas interpretações podem comprometer a imagem da marca veiculada, considerando que o fenômeno obesidade está presente no quotidiano da maioria dos consumidores.

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar acessibilidade organizacional de crianças com paralisia cerebral aos serviços de reabilitação motora. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, censitário, efetuado de janeiro a junho/2009, em três serviços de reabilitação do Recife. Participaram 38 menores de cinco anos, portadores do agravo, residentes no Recife. Utilizou-se questionário para obter informações de acompanhantes e prontuários das crianças. As variáveis foram descritas segundo serviço atual, primeiro serviço utilizado e número de serviços utilizados. RESULTADOS: entre os acompanhantes, 94,7% eram responsáveis pela criança (76,3% mãe) e 68,4% das crianças tinham entre 25-59 meses de idade. Metade usou mais de um serviço, ocorrendo utilização simultânea em 26,3%. Para 28,2% reabilitação iniciou-se mais de seis meses após diagnóstico. As crianças foram encaminhadas por médico (75,8%) e 86,4% tiveram um tempo máximo de espera para primeira consulta com fisioterapeuta de 30 dias. As responsáveis encontraram dificuldade para agendar primeira consulta (68,4%). Uma maior dificuldade para continuar fisioterapia foi identificada entre aqueles que usaram de dois e mais serviços. CONCLUSÕES: constatou-se demanda reprimida. Utilização de mais de um serviço e superposição de serviços sugeriram insatisfação com atenção. Os processos políticos e organizacionais voltados à estruturação do sistema de referência/contrarreferência necessitam priorização.OBJECTIVES: to characterize organizational access to motor rehabilitation services for children with cerebral paralysis. METHODS: a descriptive, retrospective, censusbased study, carried out between January and June 2009, at three rehabilitation services in Recife. The study covered 38 children aged less than five years, with the disorder, residing in Recife. A questionnaire was used to obtain information from the individual accompanying the child and the child's medical records. The variables were organized according to current service, first service used, and number of services used. RESULTS: of the people accompanying the children, 94.7% were one of the child's parents or legal guardian (76.3% mother) and 68.4% of the children were aged between 25 and 59 months. Half had attended more than one service, in 28.2% of cases simultaneously. For 28.2% rehabilitation was commenced more than six months after diagnosis. The children were mostly referred to the service by a doctor (75.8%) and 86.4% had a maximum waiting time of 30 days for the first consultation with a physiotherapist. The parents or legal guardians generally found it difficult to schedule the first consult (68.4%). Greater difficulty in continuing physiotherapy was found among those who used more than one service. CONCLUSIONS: there appears to be a hidden demand. Use of more than one service (at times simultaneously) suggests dissatisfaction with the level of care. Political and organizational processes relating to the referral/counter-referral system should be accorded high priority.

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar acessibilidade organizacional de crianças com paralisia cerebral aos serviços de reabilitação motora. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, censitário, efetuado de janeiro a junho/2009, em três serviços de reabilitação do Recife. Participaram 38 menores de cinco anos, portadores do agravo, residentes no Recife. Utilizou-se questionário para obter informações de acompanhantes e prontuários das crianças. As variáveis foram descritas segundo serviço atual, primeiro serviço utilizado e número de serviços utilizados. RESULTADOS: entre os acompanhantes, 94,7% eram responsáveis pela criança (76,3% mãe) e 68,4% das crianças tinham entre 25-59 meses de idade. Metade usou mais de um serviço, ocorrendo utilização simultânea em 26,3%. Para 28,2% reabilitação iniciou-se mais de seis meses após diagnóstico. As crianças foram encaminhadas por médico (75,8%) e 86,4% tiveram um tempo máximo de espera para primeira consulta com fisioterapeuta de 30 dias. As responsáveis encontraram dificuldade para agendar primeira consulta (68,4%). Uma maior dificuldade para continuar fisioterapia foi identificada entre aqueles que usaram de dois e mais serviços. CONCLUSÕES: constatou-se demanda reprimida. Utilização de mais de um serviço e superposição de serviços sugeriram insatisfação com atenção. Os processos políticos e organizacionais voltados à estruturação do sistema de referência/contrarreferência necessitam priorização. OBJECTIVES: to characterize organizational access to motor rehabilitation services for children with cerebral paralysis. METHODS: a descriptive, retrospective, censusbased study, carried out between January and June 2009, at three rehabilitation services in Recife. The study covered 38 children aged less than five years, with the disorder, residing in Recife. A questionnaire was used to obtain information from the individual accompanying the child and the child's medical records. The variables were organized according to current service, first service used, and number of services used. RESULTS: of the people accompanying the children, 94.7% were one of the child's parents or legal guardian (76.3% mother) and 68.4% of the children were aged between 25 and 59 months. Half had attended more than one service, in 28.2% of cases simultaneously. For 28.2% rehabilitation was commenced more than six months after diagnosis. The children were mostly referred to the service by a doctor (75.8%) and 86.4% had a maximum waiting time of 30 days for the first consultation with a physiotherapist. The parents or legal guardians generally found it difficult to schedule the first consult (68.4%). Greater difficulty in continuing physiotherapy was found among those who used more than one service. CONCLUSIONS: there appears to be a hidden demand. Use of more than one service (at times simultaneously) suggests dissatisfaction with the level of care. Political and organizational processes relating to the referral/counter-referral system should be accorded high priority.

Compreender como os conflitos com a instituição e desacordos quanto às atribuições de membros da equipe, são apreendidos e reconstruídos pelos médicos da Saúde da Família, sob a perspectiva do "burnout". Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida no Recife, entre agosto de 2005 e novembro de 2006, com 24 médicos. Foram selecionadas quatro equipes a partir de avaliação da gerência (acesso geográfico, conflitos na equipe, entre equipe e Distrito, entre equipe e comunidade e violência pública na área), em cada um dos seis Distritos Sanitários. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados: Os médicos revelam enorme discrepância entre expectativas e realidade do trabalho. Rejeitam a priorização institucional da consulta e cobrança de produtividade. Sofrem diante do que consideram à perda da identidade profissional: atribuições da enfermeira questionam o núcleo histórico da sua prática -o diagnóstico e o tratamento da doença. Sobretudo entre aqueles com maiores expectativas na conversão do modelo, existe descrédito quanto às mudanças e há o desejo de desistir. Observa-se amplo conjunto de elementos que favorecem o desenvolvimento simultâneo de esgotamento e ineficácia profissional, e que provocam atitudes negativas, reforçando a necessidade da promoção da saúde no trabalho.The scope of this paper is to understand how conflicts with the institution and disagreements regarding team members'attributions are interpreted by Family Healthcare physicians from the burnout perspective. Qualitative research was conducted with 24 doctors in Recife between August 2005 and November 2006 based on management evaluation (geographic access, conflicts within the team, between teams and the District, between the team and the community and public violence in the area), and four teams were selected in each of the six Health Districts. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted. An enormous discrepancy between the expectations of physicians and the reality of the workplace was detected. They reject the institutional consultation priority and demands for productivity. They suffer from what they consider loss of professional identity, with nurses attributions questioning the historic essence of their practice. There is discredit concerning change and a desire to abandon the profession, especially amongst those with the highest expectations concerning conversion of the model. A broad set of elements was detected that favor simultaneous exhaustion and professional inefficiency and provoke negative attitudes, stressing the need for promoting health in the workplace.

OBJETIVO: Compreender como enfermeiras da Estratégia Saúde da Família vivem a superposição de atribuições e construção da autonomia técnica. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 22 enfermeiras em Recife, PE, entre agosto de 2005 e novembro de 2006. A partir de avaliação da gerência (acesso geográfico, conflitos na equipe, entre equipe e distrito, entre equipe e comunidade e violência pública na área), em cada um dos seis distritos sanitários foram selecionadas quatro equipes. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os principais temas no roteiro referiram-se a expectativas e relevância do trabalho, organização e processo de trabalho e sentimentos sobre as práticas. Os resultados foram interpretados sob a perspectiva do burnout. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: Foi recorrente a opinião das enfermeiras sobre número excessivo de famílias, suporte organizacional insuficiente e pressões advindas de demandas insatisfeitas dos usuários. A sobreposição de assistência e administração provocou sobrecarga, gerando ansiedade, impotência, frustração e sentimento de ser injustiçada na divisão de tarefas na equipe. A dimensão clínica da prática motivou insegurança de natureza t��cnica e ética, além de satisfação pelo poder e prestígio conquistados pela categoria profissional. A formação médica especializada representou um obstáculo para concretizar a interdependência da autonomia e responsabilidade. Foram relatados estresse, insatisfação, adoecimento físico e mental, reconhecimento da relevância do trabalho e importância do próprio desempenho e baixo envolvimento laboral. CONCLUSÕES: Diante da falta de expectativa de mudanças em curto prazo, a sobreposição de baixa realização profissional e esgotamento provocam atitudes negativas, indicando a importância da promoção da saúde para ampliar a possibilidade de interferência e mudança nas condições de trabalho.OBJETIVO: Comprender como enfermeras de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia viven la sobreposición de atribuciones y construcción de la autonomía técnica. PROCEDIMIENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Investigación cualitativa realizada con 22 enfermeras en Recife, en noreste de Brasil, entre agosto de 2005 y noviembre de 2006. A partir de evaluación de la gerencia (acceso geográfico, conflictos en el equipo, entre equipo y distrito, entre equipo y comunidad y violencia pública en el área), en cada uno de los seis distritos sanitarios fueron seleccionados cuatro equipos. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los principales temas en la guía se referían a expectativas y relevancia del trabajo, organización y proceso de trabajo y sentimientos sobre las prácticas. Los resultados fueron interpretados bajo la perspectiva del burnout. ANÁLISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS: Fue recurrente la opinión de las enfermeras sobre número excesivo de familias, soporte organizacional insuficiente y presiones advenidas de demandas insatisfechas de los usuarios. La sobreposición de asistencia y administración provocó sobrecarga, generando ansiedad, impotencia, frustración y sentimiento de ser agraviada en la división de tareas en el equipo. La dimensión clínica de la práctica motivó inseguridad de naturaleza técnica y ética, además de satisfacción por el poder y prestigio conquistados por la categoría profesional. La formación médica especializada representó un obstáculo para concretar la interdependencia de la autonomía y responsabilidad. Fueron relatados estrés, insatisfacción, enfermedad física y mental, reconocimiento de la relevancia del trabajo e importancia del propio desempeño y bajo envolvimiento laboral. CONCLUSIONES: Frente a la falta de expectativa de cambios a corto plazo, la sobreposición de baja realización profesional y agotamiento provocan actitudes negativas, indicando la importancia de la promoción de la salud para ampliar la posibilidad de interferencia y cambio en las condiciones de trabajo.OBJECTIVE: To understand how Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) nurses experience the overlapping of duties and building of technical autonomy. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: This was a qualitative study performed with 22 nurses, in the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between August 2005 and November 2006. Based on management evaluation (geographic access; conflicts in the team, between team and district and between team and community; and public violence in the area), four teams were selected in each of the six health districts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The main themes in the interview guide were about work expectations and relevance, its organization and process, and feelings towards these practices. The results were interpreted under the perspective of burnout. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: The nurses' opinion on the excessive number of families, insufficient organizational support and pressures from user demands that had not been met was recurrent. Overlapping of health care and management caused work overload, creating anxiety, impotence, frustration and the feeling of being treated unfairly when tasks were divided among team members. The clinical dimension of practice led to a feeling of insecurity of a technical and ethical nature, in addition to the satisfaction for the power and prestige achieved by the professional category. Specialized medical training represented an obstacle to autonomy and responsibility becoming interdependent. Stress, dissatisfaction, becoming physically and mentally ill, recognition of the relevance of work and importance of one's performance, and low work involvement were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the lack of expectation of changes in the short term, the overlapping of low professional satisfaction and work overload causes negative attitudes, indicating the importance of health promotion to increase the possibility of influencing and changing work conditions.

OBJETIVO: Compreender como enfermeiras da Estratégia Saúde da Família vivem a superposição de atribuições e construção da autonomia técnica. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 22 enfermeiras em Recife, PE, entre agosto de 2005 e novembro de 2006. A partir de avaliação da gerência (acesso geográfico, conflitos na equipe, entre equipe e distrito, entre equipe e comunidade e violência pública na área), em cada um dos seis distritos sanitários foram selecionadas quatro equipes. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os principais temas no roteiro referiram-se a expectativas e relevância do trabalho, organização e processo de trabalho e sentimentos sobre as práticas. Os resultados foram interpretados sob a perspectiva do burnout. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: Foi recorrente a opinião das enfermeiras sobre número excessivo de famílias, suporte organizacional insuficiente e pressões advindas de demandas insatisfeitas dos usuários. A sobreposição de assistência e administração provocou sobrecarga, gerando ansiedade, impotência, frustração e sentimento de ser injustiçada na divisão de tarefas na equipe. A dimensão clínica da prática motivou insegurança de natureza técnica e ética, além de satisfação pelo poder e prestígio conquistados pela categoria profissional. A formação médica especializada representou um obstáculo para concretizar a interdependência da autonomia e responsabilidade. Foram relatados estresse, insatisfação, adoecimento físico e mental, reconhecimento da relevância do trabalho e importância do próprio desempenho e baixo envolvimento laboral. CONCLUSÕES: Diante da falta de expectativa de mudanças em curto prazo, a sobreposição de baixa realização profissional e esgotamento provocam atitudes negativas, indicando a importância da promoção da saúde para ampliar a possibilidade de interferência e mudança nas condições de trabalho. OBJECTIVE: To understand how Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) nurses experience the overlapping of duties and building of technical autonomy. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: This was a qualitative study performed with 22 nurses, in the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between August 2005 and November 2006. Based on management evaluation (geographic access; conflicts in the team, between team and district and between team and community; and public violence in the area), four teams were selected in each of the six health districts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The main themes in the interview guide were about work expectations and relevance, its organization and process, and feelings towards these practices. The results were interpreted under the perspective of burnout. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: The nurses' opinion on the excessive number of families, insufficient organizational support and pressures from user demands that had not been met was recurrent. Overlapping of health care and management caused work overload, creating anxiety, impotence, frustration and the feeling of being treated unfairly when tasks were divided among team members. The clinical dimension of practice led to a feeling of insecurity of a technical and ethical nature, in addition to the satisfaction for the power and prestige achieved by the professional category. Specialized medical training represented an obstacle to autonomy and responsibility becoming interdependent. Stress, dissatisfaction, becoming physically and mentally ill, recognition of the relevance of work and importance of one's performance, and low work involvement were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the lack of expectation of changes in the short term, the overlapping of low professional satisfaction and work overload causes negative attitudes, indicating the importance of health promotion to increase the possibility of influencing and changing work conditions. OBJETIVO: Comprender como enfermeras de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia viven la sobreposición de atribuciones y construcción de la autonomía técnica. PROCEDIMIENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Investigación cualitativa realizada con 22 enfermeras en Recife, en noreste de Brasil, entre agosto de 2005 y noviembre de 2006. A partir de evaluación de la gerencia (acceso geográfico, conflictos en el equipo, entre equipo y distrito, entre equipo y comunidad y violencia pública en el área), en cada uno de los seis distritos sanitarios fueron seleccionados cuatro equipos. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los principales temas en la guía se referían a expectativas y relevancia del trabajo, organización y proceso de trabajo y sentimientos sobre las prácticas. Los resultados fueron interpretados bajo la perspectiva del burnout. ANÁLISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS: Fue recurrente la opinión de las enfermeras sobre número excesivo de familias, soporte organizacional insuficiente y presiones advenidas de demandas insatisfechas de los usuarios. La sobreposición de asistencia y administración provocó sobrecarga, generando ansiedad, impotencia, frustración y sentimiento de ser agraviada en la división de tareas en el equipo. La dimensión clínica de la práctica motivó inseguridad de naturaleza técnica y ética, además de satisfacción por el poder y prestigio conquistados por la categoría profesional. La formación médica especializada representó un obstáculo para concretar la interdependencia de la autonomía y responsabilidad. Fueron relatados estrés, insatisfacción, enfermedad física y mental, reconocimiento de la relevancia del trabajo e importancia del propio desempeño y bajo envolvimiento laboral. CONCLUSIONES: Frente a la falta de expectativa de cambios a corto plazo, la sobreposición de baja realización profesional y agotamiento provocan actitudes negativas, indicando la importancia de la promoción de la salud para ampliar la posibilidad de interferencia y cambio en las condiciones de trabajo.

O objetivo desta investigação foi realizar uma análise sobre os riscos inerentes e os manipulados na compra pela internet. A pesquisa teve o intuito de averiguar a necessidade de separação desses riscos, visto que, em grande parte dos estudos, não é realizada essa distinção, sendo agrupados os riscos de uma maneira geral. O estudo teve um caráter exploratório-descritivo de corte transversal, tendo sido realizado em duas etapas. Inicialmente foram conduzidas entrevistas com 20 compradores do varejo eletrônico. Posteriormente foi realizado um levantamento, em que foi estabelecida uma parceria com a E-bit, tendo o link do instrumento de coleta de dados sido enviado para 2.000 usuários cadastrados no banco de dados da instituição. Foram obtidos 692 questionários válidos. As análises fatoriais empregadas indicaram a necessidade da divisão dos riscos em inerentes e manipulados, reforçando a teoria inicial de Bettman (1973). A presente pesquisa traz, como principal contribuição, a recomendação aos futuros investigadores dessa área sobre a importância de considerar e, principalmente, empregar separadamente a análise dos riscos inerentes e a análise dos riscos manipulados em estudos do comportamento do consumidor nas compras on-line. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v8i2.2139, This research aimed at evaluating the inherent and manipulated risks in the e-commerce. Such study had as purpose the analysis of the need of separating these risks. Studies in the area do not separate them in general, grouping them generically. The study was an exploratory-description transversal cut in two stages. Interviews with 20 buyers of the electronic retail were done. Then, a survey was done establishing a partnership with e-bit and having the link of questionnaire sent to 2,000 Internet users registered in the data base of the firm. 692 valid questionnaires were used. The factorial analyses indicated the need for a division of the inherent and the manipulated risk, strengthening the initial theory of Bettman (1973). This research brings as a main contribution the recommendation for further investigations on the area about the importance of considering and using separately an analysis of the inherent and manipulated risks in studies about the e-commerce consumer behavior.

A human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) hydroxamic acid inhibitor (CGS27023A) was cross-docked into 15 MMP-12, MMP-13, MMP-9, and MMP-1 cocrystal structures. The aim was to validate a fast protocol for ligand binding conformation elucidation and to probe the feasibility of using inhibitor-protein NMR contacts to dock an inhibitor into related MMP crystal structures. Such an approach avoids full NMR structure elucidation, saving both spectrometer- and analysis time. We report here that for the studied MMPs, one can obtain docking results well within 1 A compared to the corresponding reference X-ray structure, using backbone amide contacts only. From the perspective of the pharmaceutical industry, these results are relevant for the binding studies of inhibitor series to a common target and have the potential advantage of obtaining information on protein-inhibitor complexes that are difficult to crystallize.

This article investigates the on-line consumer behavior based on the flow theory, defined as the holistic sensation that people feel when acting with total involvement in an activity (CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, 1975). This theory has been used for better understanding the purchase behavior through the Internet, although this concept is still not sufficiently clear in consumer behavior literature, since it does not exist a consensus regarding which factors that precede, characterize or are consequences of the flow state. Thus, the present research was aimed at identifying the constructs related to the flow state that must be part of an on-line purchase behavior framework, indicating which is its applicableness for achieving consumer satisfaction in the purchase by the Internet. It was used a descriptive methodology with the application of a survey to a sample of 237 electronic retail consumers. Collected data was analyzed by means of multivariate statistical techniques and results indicated that the on-line environment and the telepresence precede the flow, that in turn is associated to the exploratory behavior, positive effect of the navigation process, purchase and satisfaction with the purchase process. Key-words: Flow. Internet. Purchase behavior. Telepresence. Store environment.

Este artigo apresenta a avaliação continuada do trabalho realizado e os resultados que podem ser atribuídos à educação permanente na atenção à criança, desenvolvida junto às equipes de saúde da família, com gerência compartilhada pelo Programa de Extensão Comunitária do Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), e Secretarias Municipais de Saúde do Recife e Olinda, em Pernambuco, Brasil. Com apoio de consultores externos, o grupo executor realizou reflexão crítica sistemática, orientada pelas categorias desempenho, efeitos e efetividade, visando aprimorar o trabalho em seu decorrer. As fontes de informação foram os registros diários do grupo e das equipes e as percepções sobre o trabalho. Apesar da dificuldade de transformar em rotina as mudanças alcançadas, a educação permanente tem qualificado a atenção à criança. A satisfação das equipes reforça o sentimento de sua fecundidade e operacionalidade.This article presents a continuous evaluation of work involving permanent education regarding childcare and the results that can be attributed to it, as carried out by family health teams managed jointly by the Community Outreach Program of the Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, IMIP and the Municipal Departments of Health of the city Recife and the city of Olinda, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. With the support of external consultants, the group carried out systematic critical reflection, organized around the categories of performance, effects and effectiveness, with a view to enhancing the work under way. The sources of information used were the daily registers of the group and the teams and their views regarding the work. Despite the difficulty of transforming the changes brought about into routines, continuous education seems to have improved the quality of childcare. The satisfaction the teams feel corroborates this feeling that this work is both feasible and productive.

The concept of flow was developed originally in thepsychology field by Csikszentmihalyi (1975)that defined it as the holistic sensation that people feel when acting with total involvement incertain activities. When in flow, the individual feels so involved by the activity that nothing elseseems to matter. Despite several studies already made to the comprehension of the on-lineconsumer behavior, as way to attract and stimulatethe purchase in the virtual environment withthe use of the flow theory , there is not yet a consensus about what elements are antecedents,consequences or part of the flow construct in the computer mediated environment. Given theimportance of the subject and the apparent confusion in the categorization of the flow dimensions,this study aims to identify the constructs relatedto the state of flow in the form of its antecedents,components and consequences, through the presentation of a theoretical framework. For this, inaddition to the literature review, were held semi-structured interviews with individuals who alreadyhad bought a product on the Internet. The theoretical contribution proposed here is thepresentation of a framework to be investigated in future research, which sought to minimize theconfusion previously commented

Recording NMR signals of several nuclear species simultaneously by using parallel receivers provides more information from a single measurement and at the same time increases the measurement sensitivity per unit time. Here we present a comprehensive series of the most frequently used NMR experiments modified for simultaneous direct detection of two of the most sensitive NMR nuclei - (1) H and (19) F. We hope that the presented material will stimulate interest in and further development of this technique.

In RNA secondary structure determination, it is essential to determine whether a nucleotide is base-paired and not. Base-pairing of nucleotides is mediated by hydrogen bonds. The NMR characterization of hydrogen bonds relies on experiments correlating the NMR resonances of exchangeable protons and can be best performed for structured parts of the RNA, where labile hydrogen atoms are protected from solvent exchange. Functionally important regions in RNA, however, frequently reveal increased dynamic disorder which often leads to NMR signals of exchangeable protons that are broadened beyond (1)H detection. Here, we develop (13)C direct detected experiments to observe all nucleotides in RNA irrespective of whether they are involved in hydrogen bonds or not. Exploiting the self-decoupling of scalar couplings due to the exchange process, the hydrogen bonding behavior of the hydrogen bond donor of each individual nucleotide can be determined. Furthermore, the adaption of HNN-COSY experiments for (13)C direct detection allows correlations of donor-acceptor pairs and the localization of hydrogen-bond acceptor nucleotides. The proposed (13)C direct detected experiments therefore provide information about molecular sites not amenable by conventional proton-detected methods. Such information makes the RNA secondary structure determination by NMR more accurate and helps to validate secondary structure predictions based on bioinformatics.

OBJETIVO:avaliar a acessibilidade ao fonoaudiólogo em serviço de média complexidade do Recife.MÉTODOS:estudo avaliativo com triangulação de fontes de informação, realizado de fevereiro a outubro/2011. Participaram 38 menores de dez anos de idade, o fonoaudiólogo e dois funcionários do Serviço de Arquivo Médico (SAME). Utilizaram-se três questionários (acompanhantes das crianças, profissional e funcionários) elaborados com base no referencial de Donabedian. As crianças foram comparadas segundo cadastramento em Unidade de Saúde da Família, usando qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher.RESULTADOS:o profissional atendia três vezes por semana, durante um turno. O SAME entre janeiro e outubro/2011 ofereceu 17 vagas à população do distrito, ocorrendo sistemático rechaço de demanda, conforme profissional e funcionários. Das crianças, 73,7% eram meninos, 73,7% com 5-9 anos, sendo 94,7% diagnosticadas na policlínica. Para primeira consulta, 89,5% vieram encaminhadas por médico; 76,3% com agendamento no SAME, 63,9% chegaram de madrugada para aprazar (mediana do tempo de espera foi de 4h30min); 83,3% marcaram na primeira tentativa, 22,2% encontraram dificuldade e 76,3% esperaram até 15 dias pelo atendimento. Observou-se tendência de maior dificuldade na marcação das cadastradas (p=0,069), provocando mais insatisfação. O fonoaudiólogo aprazava retorno. Para 68,4% acessibilidade geográfica foi satisfatória, existindo maior insatisfação quando cadastradas.CONCLUSÕES:apesar das limitações na oferta de consulta, agendamento e coordenação das ações, a maioria das crianças não encontrou dificuldade para ser atendida por fonoaudiólogo. A disparidade entre condições organizacionais e ausência de maiores obstáculos à entrada sugere que este comportamento não representa o padrão da acessibilidade organizacional no serviço avaliado. PURPOSE:to evaluate the accessibility to speech-language pathologist in service of mean complexity of Recife.METHODS:evaluative study with triangulation of information sources conducted in February-October2011. Participants were 38 children less than ten years old, the speech-language pathologist and two employees from the Medical File Service (MFS). Three questionnaires (children' accompanying, professional and MFS employees) were elabored based on the referential of Donabedian. The children were compared according to Family Health Unit registration using chi-square and Fisher's exact test.RESULTS:the professional attended three times per week during shift. MFS offered 17 vacancies to the population of the district during January-October2011. A systematically rejection of demand occurred, according to the professional and employees. Of all children, 73.7% were boys, 73.7% were 5-9 years old and 94.7% were diagnosed at polyclinic. First consultation, 89.5% were conducted by a physician; 76.3% had appointments made by MFS, 63.9% arrived at dawn (the median waiting time was 4and a half hours); 83.3% made appointments at first attempt, 22.2% had difficulties and 76.3% waited until 15 days for attendance. A trend of great difficulty for appointments for registered ones (p=0.069), causing dissatisfaction. Professional set a return date. Geographic accessibility, 68.4% were satisfactory and had greater dissatisfaction when registered.CONCLUSIONS:despite the limitations in the consulting offers, making appointments and coordinating actions most children did not find it difficult to be attended by speech-language pathologist. The disparity between organizational conditions and absence of major barriers to enter suggests that this behavior represent no pattern of organizational accessibility in the assessed service.

Recent advances in instrumentation and isotope labeling methodology allow proteins up to 100 kDa in size to be studied in detail using NMR spectroscopy. Using 2H/13C/15N enrichment and selective methyl protonation, we show that newly developed 13C direct detection methods can be used to rapidly yield proton and carbon resonance assignments for the methyl groups of Val, Leu, and Ile residues. We present a highly sensitive 13C-detected CH3-TOCSY experiment that, in combination with standard 1H-detected backbone experiments, allows the full assignment of side chain resonances in methyl-protonated residues. Selective methyl protonation, originally developed by Kay and co-workers (Rosen, M. K.; Gardner, K. H.; Willis, R. C.; Parris, W. E.; Pawson, T.; Kay, L. E. J. Mol. Biol. 1996, 263, 627-636; Gardner, K. G.; Kay, L. E. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 1998, 27, 357-406; Goto, N. K.; Kay, L. E. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2000, 10, 585-592), improves the nuclear relaxation behavior of larger proteins compared to their fully protonated counterparts, allows significant simplification of spectra, and facilitates NOE assignments. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of the 13C-detected CH3-TOCSY experiment through studies of (i) a medium-sized protein (CbpA-R1; 14 kDa) with a repetitive primary sequence that yields highly degenerate NMR spectra, and (ii) a larger, bimolecular protein complex (p21-KID/Cdk2; 45 kDa) at low concentration in a high ionic strength solution. Through the analysis of NOEs involving amide and Ile, Leu, and Val methyl protons, we determined the global fold of CbpA-R1, a bacterial protein that mediates the pathogenic effects of Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrating that this approach can significantly reduce the time required to determine protein structures by NMR.

OBJETIVOS: conhecer os sentimentos de profissionais dos serviços de pronto-socorro infantil diante das situações de trabalho, focalizando os componentes do burnout: exaustão emocional, falta de envolvimento pessoal e despersonalização. MÉTODOS: pesquisa qualitativa realizada, na cidade do Recife, de março a julho de 2003, em cinco unidades públicas de referência, utilizando análise de conteúdo para compreender os "núcleos de sentido" das mensagens de 40 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pediatras e sete enfermeiras da urgência/emergência. RESULTADOS: nesses relatos convivem sentimentos díspares: cansaço, esgotamento, angústia e revolta pela sobrecarga e limitações dos recursos frente às situações que envolvem risco de vida, permeados pela satisfação de gostar do que fazem e reconhecimento da própria utilidade; temor de cometer enganos fatais; desqualificação profissional quando comparam remuneração com responsabilidade e esforço empregado; exposição ao risco de agressão e indiciamento judicial alimentando desesperança e vulnerabilidade; e vínculo afetivo com trabalho. Esboçam-se, sobretudo entre médicos com menor tempo de formados, o descrédito nas possibilidades de mudanças e a vontade de desistir. CONCLUSÕES: apesar do estresse laboral crônico, os profissionais entrevistados mantêm o compromisso de contribuir na solução dos problemas cotidianos. Existe tendência para exaustão emocional, desânimo e sentimentos de inadequação e fracasso, reforçando a importância da promoção e prevenção em saúde no ambiente de trabalho.OBJECTIVES: determine the feelings of emergency services (ER) pediatricians when facing the circumstances of their work, focusing on burnout components: emotional exhaustion, lack of personal involvement and detachment. METHODS: qualitative research performed in the city of Recife from March to July 2003 in five major public hospitals, using content analysis to understand the "nucleus of meaning" of the messages of 40 semi-structured interviews with pediatricians and seven emergency nurses. RESULTS: these reports convey different feelings: fatigue, exhaustion, anguish and anger stemming from overwork and resources constraints in the face of circumstances involving lives at risk, permeated by the satisfaction of love for the job and self-recognition; fear of committing fatal mistakes; lack of professional qualification when comparing wages with responsibility and effort; exposure to risk of aggression and lawsuits which feed on the lack of hope and increased vulnerability; and commitment to the job. Among recently graduated doctors there's disbelief in change and the wish of giving up. CONCLUSIONS: notwithstanding chronic job stress, healthcare professionals in ER keep up with their commitment of trying to solve day to day problems. There's a trend for emotional exhaustion, depression and feelings of inadequacy and failure reinforcing the need of health promotion and prevention in the work environment.

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a acessibilidade as acoes basicas entre criancas atendidas em servicos de pronto-socorro, reconstruindo trajetoria de contatos com unidades de saude no evento atual e caracterizando vinculos com atencao basica e adequacao da morbidade ao perfil organizacional dos servicos. METODOS: Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado em novembro de 2002 e de fevereiro a maio de 2003, nos cinco servicos publicos de urgencia/emergencia pediatrica, em amostra de 383 criancas menores de 5 anos, residentes no Recife, calculada com 20% de adequacao da morbidade, erro de 5% e perda de 10%. Utilizou-se instrumento padronizado aplicado por oito entrevistadores, devidamente treinados. RESULTADOS: Na trajetoria ate contato atual, 38,5% das criancas procuraram os seguintes servicos: pronto-socorro (48,3%), Saude da Familia (19,7%) e centro de saude (17%), com 18,4% tendo dificuldades na atencao primaria; 39,4% utilizaram apenas pronto-socorro e 54,4% recorreram em algum momento a esse tipo de servico. Cerca de 88% sao cadastradas numa unidade: 34,5% na Saude da Familia (56,8% nao utilizaram servicos e 25,6% utilizaram) e 42% no centro de saude (59,1% nao usaram servicos e 18,2% recorreram ao proprio). Apenas 18,9% preferem unidade basica quando a crianca adoece. Assim, no contato atual, a maior parte foi trazida ao servico preferido (gosta/confia nos profissionais, acessibilidade geografica, qualidade do atendimento). A demanda de 36,5% foi considerada adequada. CONCLUSOES: Apesar das dificuldades da rede basica para garantir acesso e resolubilidade, parte substancial dessa demanda espontânea decorre da enorme legitimidade dos servicos de urgencia perante a populacao.

Significant resolution improvement in 13C,13C-TOCSY spectra of uniformly deuterated and 13C, 15N-labeled protein and 13C,15N-labeled RNA samples is achieved by introduction of multiple-band-selective 13C-homodecoupling applied simultaneously with 1H- or 2H- and 15N-decoupling at all stages of multidimensional experiments including signal acquisition period. The application of single, double or triple band-selective 13C-decoupling in 2D-[13C,13C]-TOCSY experiments during acquisition strongly simplifies the homonuclear splitting pattern. The technical aspects of complex multiple-band homonuclear decoupling and hardware requirements are discussed. The use of this technique (i) facilitates the resonance assignment process as it reduces signal overlap in homonuclear 13C-spectra and (ii) possibly improves the signal-to-noise ratio through multiplet collapse. It can be applied in any 13C-detected experiment.