4 results on '"Helke Hesekamp"'
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2. Bee Venom for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
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Andreas Hartmann, Julia Müllner, Niklaus Meier, Helke Hesekamp, Priscilla van Meerbeeck, Marie-Odile Habert, Aurélie Kas, Marie-Laure Tanguy, Merry Mazmanian, Hervé Oya, Nissen Abuaf, Hafida Gaouar, Sabrina Salhi, Fanny Charbonnier-Beaupel, Marie-Hélène Fievet, Damien Galanaud, Sophie Arguillere, Emmanuel Roze, Bertrand Degos, David Grabli, Lucette Lacomblez, Cécile Hubsch, Marie Vidailhet, Anne-Marie Bonnet, Jean-Christophe Corvol, and Michael Schüpbach
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
In the present study, we examined the potential symptomatic and/or disease-modifying effects of monthly bee venom injections compared to placebo in moderatly affected Parkinson disease patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized double-blind study in 40 Parkinson disease patients at Hoehn & Yahr stages 1.5 to 3 who were either assigned to monthly bee venom injections or equivalent volumes of saline (treatment/placebo group: n = 20/20). The primary objective of this study was to assess a potential symptomatic effect of s.c. bee venom injections (100 μg) compared to placebo 11 months after initiation of therapy on United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III scores in the « off » condition pre-and post-injection at a 60 minute interval. Secondary objectives included the evolution of UPDRS III scores over the study period and [123I]-FP-CIT scans to evaluate disease progression. Finally, safety was assessed by monitoring specific IgE against bee venom and skin tests when necessary. After an 11 month period of monthly administration, bee venom did not significantly decrease UPDRS III scores in the « off » condition. Also, UPDRS III scores over the study course, and nuclear imaging, did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Four patients were excluded during the trial due to positive skin tests but no systemic allergic reaction was recorded. After an initial increase, specific IgE against bee venom decreased in all patients completing the trial. This study did not evidence any clear symptomatic or disease-modifying effects of monthly bee venom injections over an 11 month period compared to placebo using a standard bee venom allergy desensitization protocol in Parkinson disease patients. However, bee venom administration appeared safe in non-allergic subjects. Thus, we suggest that higher administration frequency and possibly higher individual doses of bee venom may reveal its potency in treating Parkinson disease.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01341431.
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- 2016
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3. Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Speech after Early Neurostimulation in Parkinson's Disease
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Serge, Pinto, Adelheid, Nebel, Jörn, Rau, Robert, Espesser, Pauline, Maillochon, Oliver, Niebuhr, Paul, Krack, Tatiana, Witjas, Alain, Ghio, Marie-Charlotte, Cuartero, Lars, Timmermann, Alfons, Schnitzler, Helke, Hesekamp, Niklaus, Meier, Julia, Müllner, Thomas D, Hälbig, Bettina, Möller, Steffen, Paschen, Laura, Paschen, Jens, Volkmann, Michael T, Barbe, Gereon R, Fink, Johannes, Becker, Paul, Reker, Andrea A, Kühn, Gerd-Helge, Schneider, Valérie, Fraix, Eric, Seigneuret, Andrea, Kistner, Olivier, Rascol, Christine, Brefel-Courbon, Fabienne, Ory-Magne, Christian J, Hartmann, Lars, Wojtecki, Anne, Fradet, David, Maltête, Philippe, Damier, Séverine, Le Dily, Friederike, Sixel-Döring, Petra, Benecke, Daniel, Weiss, Tobias, Wächter, Marcus O, Pinsker, Jean, Régis, Stéphane, Thobois, Gustavo, Polo, Jean-Luc, Houeto, Andreas, Hartmann, Karina, Knudsen, Marie, Vidailhet, Michael, Schüpbach, Günther, Deuschl, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Neurology ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Neurology (clinical) ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics - Abstract
The EARLYSTIM trial demonstrated for Parkinson's disease patients with early motor complications that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) and best medical treatment (BMT) was superior to BMT alone.This prospective, ancillary study on EARLYSTIM compared changes in blinded speech intelligibility assessment between STN-DBS and BMT over 2 years, and secondary outcomes included non-speech oral movements (maximum phonation time [MPT], oral diadochokinesis), physician- and patient-reported assessments.STN-DBS (n = 102) and BMT (n = 99) groups underwent assessments on/off medication at baseline and 24 months (in four conditions: on/off medication, ON/OFF stimulation-for STN-DBS). Words and sentences were randomly presented to blinded listeners, and speech intelligibility rate was measured. Statistical analyses compared changes between the STN-DBS and BMT groups from baseline to 24 months.Over the 2-year period, changes in speech intelligibility and MPT, as well as patient-reported outcomes, were not different between groups, either off or on medication or OFF or ON stimulation, but most outcomes showed a nonsignificant trend toward worsening in both groups. Change in oral diadochokinesis was significantly different between STN-DBS and BMT groups, on medication and OFF STN-DBS, with patients in the STN-DBS group performing slightly worse than patients under BMT only. A signal for clinical worsening with STN-DBS was found for the individual speech item of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III.At this early stage of the patients' disease, STN-DBS did not result in a consistent deterioration in blinded speech intelligibility assessment and patient-reported communication, as observed in studies of advanced Parkinson's Disease. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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- 2022
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4. Behavioural outcomes of subthalamic stimulation and medical therapy versus medical therapy alone for Parkinson's disease with early motor complications (EARLYSTIM trial): secondary analysis of an open-label randomised trial
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Eugénie Lhommée, Lars Wojtecki, Virginie Czernecki, Karsten Witt, Franziska Maier, Lisa Tonder, Lars Timmermann, Thomas D Hälbig, Fanny Pineau, Franck Durif, Tatiana Witjas, Marcus Pinsker, Maximilian Mehdorn, Friederike Sixel-Döring, Andreas Kupsch, Rejko Krüger, Saskia Elben, Stephan Chabardès, Stéphane Thobois, Christine Brefel-Courbon, Fabienne Ory-Magne, Jean-Marie Regis, David Maltête, Anne Sauvaget, Jörn Rau, Alfons Schnitzler, Michael Schüpbach, Carmen Schade-Brittinger, Gunther Deuschl, Jean-Luc Houeto, Paul Krack, Velina Negovanska, Marie-Laure Welter, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Yves Agid, Soledad Navarro, Niklaus Meier, Andreas Hartmann, Helke Hesekamp, Philippe Cornu, Bettina Möller, Adelheid Nebel, Jan Raethjen, Karina Knudsen, Jens Volkmann, Daniela Falk, Steffen Paschen, Ingo Meister, Jens Kuhn, Kerstin Donner, Josef Kessler, Michael Barbe, Gereon Fink, Mohammad Maarouf, Andrea Kühn, Bianca Müller, Katharina Faust, Doreen Gruber, Gerd-H. Schneider, Eric Seigneuret, Pierre Pollak, Valerie Fraix, Andrea Kistner, Olivier Rascol, Christophe Arbus, Lola Danet, Patrick Chaynes, Stefan J. Groiss, Christian Hartmann, Martin Südmeyer, Mahnaz Partowinia-Peters, Jan Vesper, Severine Ledily, Philippe Damier, Sylvie Raoul, Claudia Trenkwalder, Wenke Richter-Dreske, Tobias Wächter, Daniel Weiss, Alexandro Eusebio, Jean Philippe Azulay, Gustavo Polo, Serge Pinto, Johannes Levin, Stephanie Dornier, Fredy Pene, Delphine Hourton, Mathieu Quintin, Cecile Hoffart-Jourdain, Helene Brocvielle, Kerstin Balthasar, Meryem Stein, Susanne Harnisch, Alexander Reuss, Behnaz Aminossadati, Christian Nasemann, Wolfgang Oertel, Benoit Bataille, Dieter Hellwig, Alireza Gharabaghi, Florian Amtage, Patrick Mertens, Manja Kloss, Bart Post, Hans Speelman, UM des troubles du mouvement, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University Schleswig-Holstein, Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] (LNC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, CHU Grenoble, Service de neurologie C [Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer - HCL], Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Neurologie et thérapeutique expérimentale, IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Somnomar, Sleep Research Institute, Service de neurologie [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de neurologie, Centre de Traitement de la Peur de l'Avion, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of neurology, Inselspital Bern, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Charité Hospital, Humboldt University Of Berlin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Neurosciences précliniques, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Pharmacologie Clinique [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Service Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (ICHN), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Neurochirurgie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Neurosciences [CHU Toulouse], Infineon Technologies AG [München], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Clinique neurologique, Hôpital Laennec, Service de physiologie, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Paracelsus Elena Klinik, Centre for Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de neurochirurgie fonctionnelle, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, Département de l’étude du milieu naturel et agricole, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Heidelberg University, Department of Clinical Genetics, Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Fédération des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Laboratoire de pharmacologie médicale et clinique, Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques [Purpan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neurochirurgie [Rangueil], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, Philipps Universität Marburg, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf [Düsseldorf], Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Département de Neurologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux - Clermont Auvergne (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques, CIC Toulouse, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Infineon Technologies AG [Neubiberg, Germany], Philipps Universität Marbug, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Parkinson's disease ,[SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology ,Deep Brain Stimulation ,International Cooperation ,Motor Activity ,Severity of Illness Index ,law.invention ,Antiparkinson Agents ,Cohort Studies ,Levodopa ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,law ,Subthalamic Nucleus ,Germany ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Humans ,Apathy ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,business.industry ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,Beck Depression Inventory ,[SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences ,Parkinson Disease ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,ddc:616.8 ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,France ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cohort study - Abstract
Although subthalamic stimulation is a recognised treatment for motor complications in Parkinson's disease, reports on behavioural outcomes are controversial, which represents a major challenge when counselling candidates for subthalamic stimulation. We aimed to assess changes in behaviour in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving combined treatment with subthalamic stimulation and medical therapy over a 2-year follow-up period as compared with the behavioural evolution under medical therapy alone.We did a parallel, open-label study (EARLYSTIM) at 17 surgical centres in France (n=8) and Germany (n=9). We recruited patients with Parkinson's disease who were disabled by early motor complications. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either medical therapy alone or bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy. The primary outcome was mean change in quality of life from baseline to 2 years. A secondary analysis was also done to assess behavioural outcomes. We used the Ardouin Scale of Behavior in Parkinson's Disease to assess changes in behaviour between baseline and 2-year follow-up. Apathy was also measured using the Starkstein Apathy Scale, and depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. The secondary analysis was done in all patients recruited. We used a generalised estimating equations (GEE) regression model for individual items and mixed model regression for subscores of the Ardouin scale and the apathy and depression scales. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00354133. The primary analysis has been reported elsewhere; this report presents the secondary analysis only.Between July, 2006, and November, 2009, 251 participants were recruited, of whom 127 were allocated medical therapy alone and 124 were assigned bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy. At 2-year follow-up, the levodopa-equivalent dose was reduced by 39% (-363·3 mg/day [SE 41·8]) in individuals allocated bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy and was increased by 21% (245·8 mg/day [40·4]) in those assigned medical therapy alone (p0·0001). Neuropsychiatric fluctuations decreased with bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy during 2-year follow-up (mean change -0·65 points [SE 0·15]) and did not change with medical therapy alone (-0·02 points [0·15]); the between-group difference in change from baseline was significant (p=0·0028). At 2 years, the Ardouin scale subscore for hyperdopaminergic behavioural disorders had decreased with bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy (mean change -1·26 points [SE 0·35]) and had increased with medical therapy alone (1·12 points [0·35]); the between-group difference was significant (p0·0001). Mean change from baseline at 2 years in the Ardouin scale subscore for hypodopaminergic behavioural disorders, the Starkstein Apathy Scale score, and the Beck Depression Inventory score did not differ between treatment groups. Antidepressants were stopped in 12 patients assigned bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy versus four patients allocated medical therapy alone. Neuroleptics were started in nine patients assigned medical therapy alone versus one patient allocated bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy. During the 2-year follow-up, two individuals assigned bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy and one patient allocated medical therapy alone died by suicide.In a large cohort with Parkinson's disease and early motor complications, better overall behavioural outcomes were noted with bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy compared with medical therapy alone. The presence of hyperdopaminergic behaviours and neuropsychiatric fluctuations can be judged additional arguments in favour of subthalamic stimulation if surgery is considered for disabling motor complications.German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, French Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique National, and Medtronic.
- Published
- 2017
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