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2. Protektem pikinini blong yu trial: protocol for a single arm field trial to assess the effectiveness of treating-all pregnant women with hepatitis B infection with tenofovir prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission in Vanuatu, 2024–2025

Author

Bell, Leila, Kalulu, Aleesha, Ameara, Kali, Allard, Nicole, Natuman, Sereana, Fisher, Zeshi, Homer, Caroline SE, Taissets, Annie, Jackson, Kathy, Karan, Navin, Kalmos, Kaylene, Deed, Emily, Dick, Leiwia, Obed, Leias, Toa, Florita, Obed, Harriet, Taura, Ben John, Guyant, Philippe, Howell, Jessica, Iopa, Jason, Pakoa, Junior George, Paul, Minado, Sam, Harriet, Spelman, Tim, Stephens, Jenny, Vurobaravu, Sale, Hellard, Margaret, and van Gemert, Caroline

Published
2024
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5. Incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs, and associations with age and sex or gender: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Artenie, Adelina, Stone, Jack, Fraser, Hannah, Stewart, Daniel, Arum, Chiedozie, Lim, Aaron G, McNaughton, Anna L, Trickey, Adam, Ward, Zoe, Abramovitz, Daniela, Alary, Michel, Astemborski, Jacquie, Bruneau, Julie, Clipman, Steven J, Coffin, Carla S, Croxford, Sara, DeBeck, Kora, Emanuel, Eva, Hayashi, Kanna, Hermez, Joumana G, Low-Beer, Daniel, Luhmann, Niklas, Macphail, Gisela, Maher, Lisa, Palmateer, Norah E, Patel, Eshan U, Sacks-Davis, Rachel, Van Den Boom, Wijnand, van Santen, Daniela K, Walker, Josephine G, Hickman, Matthew, Vickerman, Peter, Group, HIV and HCV Incidence Review Collaborative, Aladashvili, Malvina, Azim, Tasnim, Dietze, Paul, Dumchev, Kostyantyn, Havens, Jennifer R, Hellard, Margaret, Hutchinson, Sharon, Iversen, Jennifer, Judd, Ali, Kåberg, Martin, Kurth, Ann E, Mehta, Shruti H, Mravčík, Viktor, Prins, Maria, Solomon, Sunil S, Strathdee, Steffanie A, Sypsa, Vana, Todd, Catherine S, Valencia, Jorge, and Wisse, Ernst

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Hepatitis, Infectious Diseases, Social Determinants of Health, Digestive Diseases, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Hepatitis - C, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Women's Health, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Emerging Infectious Diseases, Substance Misuse, HIV/AIDS, Liver Disease, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Male, Humans, Female, Hepacivirus, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Drug Users, Incidence, HIV Infections, Canada, Hepatitis C, HIV and HCV Incidence Review Collaborative Group, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundMeasuring the incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) is key to track progress towards elimination. We aimed to summarise global data on HIV and primary HCV incidence among PWID and associations with age and sex or gender.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we updated an existing database of HIV and HCV incidence studies among PWID by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO, capturing studies published between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 12, 2022, with no language or study design restrictions. We contacted authors of identified studies for unpublished or updated data. We included studies that estimated incidence by longitudinally re-testing people at risk of infection or by using assays for recent infection. We pooled incidence and relative risk (RR; young [generally defined as ≤25 years] vs older PWID; women vs men) estimates using random-effects meta-analysis and assessed risk of bias with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020220884.FindingsOur updated search identified 9493 publications, of which 211 were eligible for full-text review. An additional 377 full-text records from our existing database and five records identified through cross-referencing were assessed. Including 28 unpublished records, 125 records met the inclusion criteria. We identified 64 estimates of HIV incidence (30 from high-income countries [HICs] and 34 from low-income or middle-income countries [LMICs]) and 66 estimates of HCV incidence (52 from HICs and 14 from LMICs). 41 (64%) of 64 HIV and 42 (64%) of 66 HCV estimates were from single cities rather than being multi-city or nationwide. Estimates were measured over 1987-2021 for HIV and 1992-2021 for HCV. Pooled HIV incidence was 1·7 per 100 person-years (95% CI 1·3-2·3; I2=98·4%) and pooled HCV incidence was 12·1 per 100 person-years (10·0-14·6; I2=97·2%). Young PWID had a greater risk of HIV (RR 1·5, 95% CI 1·2-1·8; I2=66·9%) and HCV (1·5, 1·3-1·8; I2=70·6%) acquisition than older PWID. Women had a greater risk of HIV (RR 1·4, 95% CI 1·1-1·6; I2=55·3%) and HCV (1·2, 1·1-1·3; I2=43·3%) acquisition than men. For both HIV and HCV, the median risk-of-bias score was 6 (IQR 6-7), indicating moderate risk.InterpretationAlthough sparse, available HIV and HCV incidence estimates offer insights into global levels of HIV and HCV transmission among PWID. Intensified efforts are needed to keep track of the HIV and HCV epidemics among PWID and to expand access to age-appropriate and gender-appropriate prevention services that serve young PWID and women who inject drugs.FundingCanadian Institutes of Health Research, Fonds de recherche du Québec-Santé, Canadian Network on Hepatitis C, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and WHO.

Published
2023

6. Changes in incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection and access to direct-acting antiviral therapies in people with HIV from six countries, 2010–19: an analysis of data from a consortium of prospective cohort studies

Author

Hellard, Margaret E, Sacks-Davis, Rachel, van Santen, Daniela K, Stewart, Ashleigh, Ke, Tianhui, Zhang, Yanqin, Stoove, Mark, Guy, Rebecca, Pedrana, Alisa, Asselin, Jason, Dawe, Joshua, Wilkinson, Anna, Boyd, Anders, Smit, Colette, van der Valk, Marc, Schinkel, Janke, Wittkop, Linda, Salmon, Dominique, Sogni, Philippe, Esterle, Laure, Gilbert, Camille, Merchadou, Laurence, Gillet, Stephanie, Khan, Coralie, Bonnet, Fabrice, Leleux, Olivier, Le Marec, Fabien, Perrier, Adelaide, Matthews, Gail, Shaw, Ineke, Martinello, Marianne, Applegate, Tanya, Carson, Joanne, Doyle, Joseph S, Harney, Brendan, Bryant, Melissa, Jarrin Vera, Inmaculada, Berenguer, Juan, Alejos, Belen, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Moreno, Cristina, Izquierdo, Rebecca, Rava, Marta, Klein, Marina, Wang, Shouao, Lumia, Jessica, Pexos, Costa, Peiris, Hansi, Saeed, Sahar, Moodie, Erica, Young, Jim, Pick, Neora, Conway, Brian, Hull, Mark, Wong, Alex, Gill, John, Barrett, Lisa, Cohen, Jeff, Cox, Joseph, Cote, Pierre, Haider, Shariq, Rouleau, Danielle, Vachon, Marie-Louise, Rachlis, Anita, Sandre, Roger, Walmsley, Sharon, Sadr, Aida, Cooper, Curtis, Sanche, Steve, Rauch, Andri, Mugglin, Catrina, Salazar-Viscaya, Luisa, Kusejko, Katharina, Prins, Maria, Hage, Kris, Lacombe, Karine, Requena, Maria-Bernada, Girard, Pierre-Marie, Brucker, Matthieu, Vincensini, Jean-Paul, Jarrin, Inmaculada, Requena, Maria-Bernarda, Matthews, Gail V, Martin, Natasha K, Spelman, Tim, and Hellard, Margaret

Published
2024
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8. Predictors of treatment outcomes for Hepatitis C infection in a nationwide elimination program in Iceland: The treatment as prevention for Hepatitis C (TraP HepC) study

Author

Olafsson, Sigurdur, Love, Thorvardur Jon, Fridriksdottir, Ragnheidur Hulda, Tyrfingsson, Thorarinn, Runarsdottir, Valgerdur, Hansdottir, Ingunn, Bergmann, Ottar Mar, Björnsson, Einar Stefan, Johannsson, Birgir, Sigurdardottir, Bryndis, Löve, Arthur, Baldvinsdottir, Guðrún Erna, Thordardottir, Marianna, Hernandez, Ubaldo Benitez, Heimisdottir, Maria, Hellard, Margaret, and Gottfredsson, Magnus

Published
2024
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10. Syphilis testing, incidence, and reinfection among gay and bisexual men in Australia over a decade spanning HIV PrEP implementation: an analysis of surveillance data from 2012 to 2022

Author

Traeger, Michael W., Guy, Rebecca, Taunton, Caroline, Chow, Eric P.F., Asselin, Jason, Carter, Allison, Aung, Htein Linn, Bloch, Mark, Fairley, Christopher K., McNulty, Anna, Cornelisse, Vincent J., Read, Phillip, Owen, Louise, Ryder, Nathan, Templeton, David J., O'Donnell, Darryl, Donovan, Basil, Hellard, Margaret E., and Stoové, Mark A.

Published
2024
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11. Correction: Health and economic benefits of achieving hepatitis C virus elimination in Pakistan: A modelling study and economic analysis

Author

Lim, Aaron G., Scott, Nick, Walker, Josephine G., Hamid, Saeed, Hellard, Margaret, and Vickerman, Peter

Subjects
Biological sciences
Abstract

Author(s): Aaron G. Lim, Nick Scott, Josephine G. Walker, Saeed Hamid, Margaret Hellard, Peter Vickerman The second sentence of the Acknowledgments is incomplete. The complete sentence reads: AGL, JW, and [...]

Published
2024
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13. Point-of-care HCV RNA testing improves hepatitis C testing rates and allows rapid treatment initiation among people who inject drugs attending a medically supervised injecting facility

Author

MacIsaac, Michael B, Whitton, Bradley, Anderson, Jenine, Cogger, Shelley, Vella-Horne, Dylan, Penn, Matthew, Weeks, Anthony, Elmore, Kasey, Pemberton, David, Winter, Rebecca J, Papaluca, Timothy, Howell, Jessica, Hellard, Margaret, Stoové, Mark, Wilson, David, Pedrana, Alisa, Doyle, Joseph S, Clark, Nicolas, Holmes, Jacinta A, and Thompson, Alexander J

Published
2024
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14. All-cause mortality before and after DAA availability among people living with HIV and HCV: An international comparison between 2010 and 2019

Author

Requena, Maria-Bernarda, Protopopescu, Camelia, Stewart, Ashleigh C., van Santen, Daniela K., Klein, Marina B., Jarrin, Inmaculada, Berenguer, Juan, Wittkop, Linda, Salmon, Dominique, Rauch, Andri, Prins, Maria, van der Valk, Marc, Sacks-Davis, Rachel, Hellard, Margaret E, Carrieri, Patrizia, and Lacombe, Karine

Published
2024
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16. Recruiting and retaining community-based participants in a COVID-19 longitudinal cohort and social networks study: lessons from Victoria, Australia

Author

Nguyen, Thi, Thomas, Alexander J., Kerr, Phoebe, Stewart, Ashleigh C., Wilkinson, Anna Lee, Nguyen, Long, Altermatt, Aimée, Young, Kathryn, Heath, Katherine, Bowring, Anna, Fletcher-Lartey, Stephanie, Lusher, Dean, Hill, Sophie, Pedrana, Alisa, Stoové, Mark, Gibney, Katherine, and Hellard, Margaret

Published
2023
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17. Measuring the accuracy of self-reported height and weight in a community-based sample of young people

Author

Bowring Anna L, Peeters Anna, Freak-Poli Rosanne, Lim Megan SC, Gouillou Maelenn, and Hellard Margaret

Subjects
Body height, Body weight, Body mass index, Overweight, Obesity self-report, Validity, Young people, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Self-reported anthropometric data are commonly used to estimate prevalence of obesity in population and community-based studies. We aim to: 1) Determine whether survey participants are able and willing to self-report height and weight; 2) Assess the accuracy of self-reported compared to measured anthropometric data in a community-based sample of young people. Methods Participants (16–29 years) of a behaviour survey, recruited at a Melbourne music festival (January 2011), were asked to self-report height and weight; researchers independently weighed and measured a sub-sample. Body Mass Index was calculated and overweight/obesity classified as ≥25kg/m2. Differences between measured and self-reported values were assessed using paired t-test/Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Accurate report of height and weight were defined as Results Of 1405 survey participants, 82% of males and 72% of females self-reported their height and weight. Among 67 participants who were also independently measured, self-reported height and weight were significantly less than measured height (p=0.01) and weight (p Conclusions Self-reported measurements may underestimate weight but accurately identified overweight/obesity in the majority of this sample of young people.

Published
2012
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18. A systematic examination of the use of Online social networking sites for sexual health promotion

Author

Hellard Margaret E, Sacks-Davis Rachel, Pedrana Alisa E, Gold Judy, Chang Shanton, Howard Steve, Keogh Louise, Hocking Jane S, and Stoove Mark A

Subjects
Social networking sites, health promotion, sexual health, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background In recent years social networking sites (SNSs) have grown rapidly in popularity. The popularity of these sites, along with their interactive functions, offer a novel environment in which to deliver health promotion messages. The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which SNSs are currently being used for sexual health promotion and describe the breadth of these activities. Methods We conducted a systematic search of published scientific literature, electronic sources (general and scientific search engines, blogs) and SNSs (Facebook, MySpace) to identify existing sexual health promotion activities using SNSs. Health promotion activities were eligible for inclusion if they related to sexual health or behaviour, utilised one or more SNSs, and involved some element of health promotion. Information regarding the source and type of health promotion activity, target population and site activity were extracted. Results 178 sexual health promotion activities met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review; only one activity was identified through a traditional systematic search of the published scientific literature. Activities most commonly used one SNS, were conducted by not-for-profit organisations, targeted young people and involved information delivery. Facebook was the most commonly used SNS (used by 71% of all health promotion activities identified), followed by MySpace and Twitter. Seventy nine percent of activities on MySpace were considered inactive as there had been no online posts within the past month, compared to 22% of activities using Facebook and 14% of activities using Twitter. The number of end-users and posts in the last seven days varied greatly between health promotion activities. Conclusions SNSs are being used for sexual health promotion, although the extent to which they are utilised varies greatly, and the vast majority of activities are unreported in the scientific literature. Future studies should examine the key factors for success among those activities attracting a large and active user base, and how success might be measured, in order to guide the development of future health promotion activities in this emerging setting.

Published
2011
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19. The Australian national binge drinking campaign: campaign recognition among young people at a music festival who report risky drinking

Author

Sacks-Davis Rachel, Gold Judy, Dietze Paul, van Gemert Caroline, Stoové Mark, Vally Hassan, and Hellard Margaret

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background The Australian Government launched a mass media campaign in 2009 to raise awareness of the harms and costs associated risky drinking among young Australians. The aim of this study was to assess if young people attending a music festival who report frequent risky single occasions of drinking (RSOD) recognise the key message of the campaign, "Binge drinking can lead to injuries and regrets", compared to young people who report less frequent RSOD. Methods A cross-sectional behavioural survey of young people (aged 16-29 years) attending a music festival in Melbourne, Australia, was conducted in January 2009. We collected basic demographics, information on alcohol and other drug use and sexual health and behaviour during the previous 12 months, and measured recognition of the Australian National Binge Drinking Campaign key message. We calculated the odds of recognition of the key slogan of the Australian National Binge Drinking Campaign among participants who reported frequent RSOD (defined as reported weekly or more frequent RSOD during the previous 12 months) compared to participants who reported less frequent RSOD. Results Overall, three-quarters (74.7%) of 1072 participants included in this analysis recognised the campaign message. In the adjusted analysis, those reporting frequent RSOD had significantly lower odds of recognising the campaign message compared to those not reporting frequent RSOD (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9), whilst females had significantly greater odds of recognising the campaign message compared to males (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.1). Conclusions Whilst a high proportion of the target group recognised the campaign, our analysis suggests that participants that reported frequent RSOD - and thus the most important group to target - had statistically significantly lower odds of recognising the campaign message.

Published
2011
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20. Homelessness, unstable housing, and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Arum, Chiedozie, Fraser, Hannah, Artenie, Andreea Adelina, Bivegete, Sandra, Trickey, Adam, Alary, Michel, Astemborski, Jacquie, Iversen, Jennifer, Lim, Aaron G, MacGregor, Louis, Morris, Meghan, Ong, Jason J, Platt, Lucy, Sack-Davis, Rachel, van Santen, Daniela K, Solomon, Sunil S, Sypsa, Vana, Valencia, Jorge, Van Den Boom, Wijnand, Walker, Josephine G, Ward, Zoe, Stone, Jack, Vickerman, Peter, Homelessness, HIV, Cherutich, Peter, Debeck, Kora, Dietze, Paul, Dumchev, Kostyantyn, Hayashi, Kanna, Hellard, Margaret, Hickman, Matthew, Hope, Vivian, Judd, Ali, Kåberg, Martin, Kurth, Ann E, Leclerc, Pascale, Maher, Lisa, Mehta, Shruti H, Page, Kimberly A, Prins, Maria, Todd, Catherine S, and Strathdee, Steffanie A

Subjects
Public Health, Health Sciences, HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Substance Misuse, Liver Disease, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Homelessness, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Behavioral and Social Science, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Social Determinants of Health, Digestive Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Hepatitis - C, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Global Health, HIV Infections, Hepatitis C, Ill-Housed Persons, Housing, Humans, Risk Assessment, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Homelessness, HIV, and HCV Review Collaborative Group, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundPeople who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and also have high levels of homelessness and unstable housing. We assessed whether homelessness or unstable housing is associated with an increased risk of HIV or HCV acquisition among PWID compared with PWID who are not homeless or are stably housed.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we updated an existing database of HIV and HCV incidence studies published between Jan 1, 2000, and June 13, 2017. Using the same strategy as for this existing database, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for studies, including conference abstracts, published between June 13, 2017, and Sept 14, 2020, that estimated HIV or HCV incidence, or both, among community-recruited PWID. We only included studies reporting original results without restrictions to study design or language. We contacted authors of studies that reported HIV or HCV incidence, or both, but did not report on an association with homelessness or unstable housing, to request crude data and, where possible, adjusted effect estimates. We extracted effect estimates and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to quantify the associations between recent (current or within the past year) homelessness or unstable housing compared with not recent homelessness or unstable housing, and risk of HIV or HCV acquisition. We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and between-study heterogeneity using the I2 statistic and p value for heterogeneity.FindingsWe identified 14 351 references in our database search, of which 392 were subjected to full-text review alongside 277 studies from our existing database. Of these studies, 55 studies met inclusion criteria. We contacted the authors of 227 studies that reported HIV or HCV incidence in PWID but did not report association with the exposure of interest and obtained 48 unpublished estimates from 21 studies. After removal of duplicate data, we included 37 studies with 70 estimates (26 for HIV; 44 for HCV). Studies originated from 16 countries including in North America, Europe, Australia, east Africa, and Asia. Pooling unadjusted estimates, recent homelessness or unstable housing was associated with an increased risk of acquiring HIV (crude relative risk [cRR] 1·55 [95% CI 1·23-1·95; p=0·0002]; I2= 62·7%; n=17) and HCV (1·65 [1·44-1·90; p

Published
2021

21. Real-world trends in incidence of bacterial sexually transmissible infections among gay and bisexual men using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Australia following nationwide PrEP implementation: an analysis of sentinel surveillance data

Author

Asselin, Jason, Bastian, Lisa, Bateson, Deborah, Bowden, Scott, Boyd, Mark, Callander, Denton, Carter, Allison, Cogle, Aaron, Costello, Jane, Dimech, Wayne, Dittmer, Jennifer, Donovan, Basil, El-Hayek, Carol, Ellard, Jeanne, Fairley, Christopher, Franklin, Lucinda, Guy, Rebecca, Hellard, Margaret, Hocking, Jane, Kim, Jules, McGill, Scott, Nolan, David, Patel, Prital, Pendle, Stella, Polkinghorne, Victoria, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Thi, O'Connor, Catherine, Reed, Philip, Roth, Norman, Ryder, Nathan, Selvey, Christine, Stoové, Mark, Traeger, Michael William, Vickers, Toby, Walker, Melanie, Watchirs-Smith, Lucy, West, Michael, Traeger, Michael W, Wright, Edwina J, Grulich, Andrew, McManus, Hamish, Fairley, Christopher K, Chow, Eric P F, McNulty, Anna, Finlayson, Robert, Bell, Charlotte, Owen, Louise, Marshall, Lewis, Russell, Darren, O'Donnell, Darryl, Hellard, Margaret E, and Stoové, Mark A

Published
2022
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22. What's in a message? Delivering sexual health promotion to young people in Australia via text messaging

Author

Hellard Margaret E, Lim Megan SC, Gold Judy, Hocking Jane S, and Keogh Louise

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Advances in communication technologies have dramatically changed how individuals access information and communicate. Recent studies have found that mobile phone text messages (SMS) can be used successfully for short-term behaviour change. However there is no published information examining the acceptability, utility and efficacy of different characteristics of health promotion SMS. This paper presents the results of evaluation focus groups among participants who received twelve sexual health related SMS as part of a study examining the impact of text messaging for sexual health promotion to on young people in Victoria, Australia. Methods Eight gender-segregated focus groups were held with 21 males and 22 females in August 2008. Transcripts of audio recordings were analysed using thematic analysis. Data were coded under one or more themes. Results Text messages were viewed as an acceptable and 'personal' means of health promotion, with participants particularly valuing the informal language. There was a preference for messages that were positive, relevant and short and for messages to cover a variety of topics. Participants were more likely to remember and share messages that were funny, rhymed and/or tied into particular annual events. The message broadcasting, generally fortnightly on Friday afternoons, was viewed as appropriate. Participants said the messages provided new information, a reminder of existing information and reduced apprehension about testing for sexually transmitted infections. Conclusions Mobile phones, in particular SMS, offer health promoters an exciting opportunity to engage personally with a huge number of individuals for low cost. The key elements emerging from this evaluation, such as message style, language and broadcast schedule are directly relevant to future studies using SMS for health promotion, as well as for future health promotion interventions in other mediums that require short formats, such as social networking sites.

Published
2010
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23. Home-based chlamydia testing of young people attending a music festival - who will pee and post?

Author

Gold Judy, Sacks-Davis Rachel, Aitken Campbell K, and Hellard Margaret E

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Chlamydia is most common among young people, but only a small proportion of Australian young people are tested annually. Home-based chlamydia testing has been piloted in several countries to increase testing rates, but uptake has been low. We aimed to identify predictors of uptake of home-based chlamydia testing to inform future testing programs. Methods We offered home-based chlamydia testing kits to participants in a sexual behaviour cross-sectional survey conducted at a music festival in Melbourne, Australia. Those who consented received a testing kit and were asked to return their urine or vaginal swab sample via post. Results Nine hundred and two sexually active music festival attendees aged 16-29 completed the survey; 313 (35%) opted to receive chlamydia testing kits, and 67 of 313 (21%) returned a specimen for testing. One participant was infected with chlamydia (1% prevalence). Independent predictors of consenting to receive a testing kit included older age, knowing that chlamydia can make women infertile, reporting more than three lifetime sexual partners and inconsistent condom use. Independent predictors of returning a sample to the laboratory included knowing that chlamydia can be asymptomatic, not having had an STI test in the past six months and not living with parents. Conclusions A low proportion of participants returned their chlamydia test, suggesting that this model is not ideal for reaching young people. Home-based chlamydia testing is most attractive to those who report engaging in sexual risk behaviours and are aware of the often asymptomatic nature and potential sequelae of chlamydia infection.

Published
2010
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24. Incentive payments to general practitioners aimed at increasing opportunistic testing of young women for chlamydia: a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

Author

Wills Michelle J, Sanci Lena A, Hellard Margaret, Gurrin Lyle C, Bourke Siobhan, McNamee Kathleen M, Pirotta Marie V, Temple-Smith Meredith J, Fairley Christopher K, Bilardi Jade E, Walker Jennifer, Chen Marcus Y, and Hocking Jane S

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Financial incentives have been used for many years internationally to improve quality of care in general practice. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if offering general practitioners (GP) a small incentive payment per test would increase chlamydia testing in women aged 16 to 24 years, attending general practice. Methods General practice clinics (n = 12) across Victoria, Australia, were cluster randomized to receive either a $AUD5 payment per chlamydia test or no payment for testing 16 to 24 year old women for chlamydia. Data were collected on the number of chlamydia tests and patient consultations undertaken by each GP over two time periods: 12 month pre-trial and 6 month trial period. The impact of the intervention was assessed using a mixed effects logistic regression model, accommodating for clustering at GP level. Results Testing increased from 6.2% (95% CI: 4.2, 8.4) to 8.8% (95% CI: 4.8, 13.0) (p = 0.1) in the control group and from 11.5% (95% CI: 4.6, 18.5) to 13.4% (95% CI: 9.5, 17.5) (p = 0.4) in the intervention group. Overall, the intervention did not result in a significant increase in chlamydia testing in general practice. The odds ratio for an increase in testing in the intervention group compared to the control group was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.2). Major barriers to increased chlamydia testing reported by GPs included a lack of time, difficulty in remembering to offer testing and a lack of patient awareness around testing. Conclusions A small financial incentive alone did not increase chlamydia testing among young women attending general practice. It is possible small incentive payments in conjunction with reminder and feedback systems may be effective, as may higher financial incentive payments. Further research is required to determine if financial incentives can increase testing in Australian general practice, the type and level of financial scheme required and whether incentives needs to be part of a multi-faceted package. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12608000499381.

Published
2010
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25. Sex and sport: chlamydia screening in rural sporting clubs

Author

Chen Marcus Y, Link Chris K, Hocking Jane S, Kong Fabian YS, and Hellard Margaret E

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common notifiable disease in Australia, mainly affecting those aged 15 to 29 years. Testing rates are low in Australia and considerably lower in rural areas, with access and confidentiality of sexual health services being problematic in rural and regional areas. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of establishing a pilot chlamydia testing outreach program among 16–25 year old males and females in rural Victoria (Australia) undertaken at local sporting clubs and to determine the prevalence of chlamydia and acceptability of the program in this population. Methods We aimed to recruit young people from the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria, Australia between May and September 2007. After a night of sporting practice, participants provided a first pass urine sample, completed a brief questionnaire regarding risk taking behaviour and were then provided with condoms and health promotion materials about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Those positive for chlamydia were managed by telephone consultation with a practitioner from Melbourne Sexual Health Centre. Results A total of 709 young people participated (77% male, 23% female), 77% being sexually active. All provided a urine sample and completed the questionnaire. Participation rate on recruitment nights was over 95%. Overall chlamydia prevalence in those sexually active was 5.1% (95%CI: 3.4–7.3), 7.4% in females (95%CI: 3.5–13.6) and 4.5% in males (95%CI: 2.7–6.9). Conclusion Sporting clubs represent a feasible, acceptable and innovative community based setting to screen, treat and educate young people in a rural and regional setting, especially for males.

Published
2009
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26. Connecting patients notified with hepatitis C to treatment (CONNECT Study): A randomized controlled trial of active case management by a health department to support primary care practitioners

Author

Marukutira, Tafireyi, Barter, Rachel, Moore, Karen P., Hellard, Margaret E., Richmond, Jacqui, Turner, Kate, Pedrana, Alisa E., Melody, Shannon, Johnston, Fay H., Owen, Louise, Boom, Wijnand van Den, Scott, Nick, Thompson, Alexander, Iser, David M., Spelman, Timothy, Veitch, Mark, Stoové, Mark, and Doyle, Joseph S.

Published
2023
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28. Global prevalence, cascade of care, and prophylaxis coverage of hepatitis B in 2022: a modelling study

Author

Razavi-Shearer, Devin, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, Pan, Calvin, Jia, Jidong, Berg, Thomas, Gray, Richard, Lim, Young-Suk, Chen, Chien-Jen, Ocama, Ponsiano, Desalegn, Hailemichael, Abbas, Zaigham, Abdallah, Ayat, Aghemo, Alessio, Ahmadbekova, Sabohat, Ahn, Sang Hoon, Aho, Inka, Akarca, Ulus, Al Masri, Nasser, Alalwan, Abduljaleel, Alavian, Seyed, Al-Busafi, Said, Aleman, Soo, Alfaleh, Faleh, Alghamdi, Abdullah, Al-Hamoudi, Waleed, Aljumah, Abdulrahman, Al-Naamani, Khalid, Al-Rifai, Ahmad, Alserkal, Yousif, Altraif, Ibrahim, Amarsanaa, Jazag, Anderson, Motswedi, Andersson, Monique, Armstrong, Paige, Asselah, Tarik, Athanasakis, Kostas, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Bensalem, Aicha, Bessone, Fernando, Biondi, Mia, Bizri, Abdul Rahman, Blach, Sarah, Braga, Wornei, Brandão-Mello, Carlos, Brosgart, Carol, Brown, Kimberly, Brown, Jr, Robert, Bruggmann, Philip, Brunetto, Maurizia, Buti, Maria, Cabezas, Joaquin, Casanovas, Teresa, Chae, Chungman, Chan, Henry Lik Yuen, Cheinquer, Hugo, Chen, Pei-Jer, Cheng, Kent Jason, Cheon, Myeong-Eun, Chien, Cheng-Hung, Choudhuri, Gourdas, Christensen, Peer Brehm, Chuang, Wan-Long, Chulanov, Vladimir, Cisneros, Laura, Coffin, Carla, Contreras, Fernando, Coppola, Nicola, Cornberg, Markus, Cowie, Benjamin, Cramp, Matthew, Craxi, Antonio, Crespo, Javier, Cui, Fuqiang, Cunningham, Chris, Dalgard, Olav, De Knegt, Robert, De Ledinghen, Victor, Dore, Gregory, Drazilova, Sylvia, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Egeonu, Steve, Elbadri, Mohammed, El-Kassas, Mohamed, El-Sayed, Manal, Estes, Chris, Etzion, Ohad, Farag, Elmobashar, Ferradini, Laurent, Ferreira, Paulo, Flisiak, Robert, Forns, Xavier, Frankova, Sona, Fung, James, Gane, Edward, Garcia, Virginia, García-Samaniego, Javier, Gemilyan, Manik, Genov, Jordan, Gheorghe, Liliana, Gholam, Pierre, Gish, Robert, Goleij, Pouya, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Grebely, Jason, Gschwantler, Michael, Guingane, Nanelin Alice, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Hamid, Saeed, Hamoudi, Waseem, Harris, Aaron, Hasan, Irsan, Hatzakis, Angelos, Hellard, Margaret, Hercun, Julian, Hernandez, Javier, Hockicková, Ivana, Hsu, Yao-Chun, Hu, Ching-Chih, Husa, Petr, Janicko, Martin, Janjua, Naveed, Jarcuska, Peter, Jaroszewicz, Jerzy, Jelev, Deian, Jeruma, Agita, Johannessen, Asgeir, Kåberg, Martin, Kaita, Kelly, Kaliaskarova, Kulpash, Kao, Jia-Horng, Kelly-Hanku, Angela, Khamis, Faryal, Khan, Aamir, Kheir, Omer, Khoudri, Ibtissam, Kondili, Loreta, Konysbekova, Aliya, Kristian, Pavol, Kwon, Jisoo, Lagging, Martin, Laleman, Wim, Lampertico, Pietro, Lavanchy, Daniel, Lázaro, Pablo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Alice, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Liakina, Valentina, Lukšić, Boris, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malu, Abraham, Marinho, Rui, Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia, Merat, Shahin, Meshesha, Berhane Redae, Midgard, Håvard, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Mokhbat, Jacques, Mooneyhan, Ellen, Moreno, Christophe, Mortgat, Laure, Müllhaupt, Beat, Musabaev, Erkin, Muyldermans, Gaëtan, Naveira, Marcelo, Negro, Francesco, Nersesov, Alexander, Nguyen, Van Thi Thuy, Ning, Qing, Njouom, Richard, Ntagirabiri, Rénovat, Nurmatov, Zuridin, Oguche, Stephen, Omuemu, Casimir, Ong, Janus, Opare-Sem, Ohene, Örmeci, Necati, Orrego, Mauricio, Osiowy, Carla, Papatheodoridis, George, Peck-Radosavljevic, Markus, Pessoa, Mário, Pham, Trang, Phillips, Richard, Pimenov, Nikolay, Pincay-Rodríguez, Loreley, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Pop, Cora, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabdial-Sing, Nishi, Qureshi, Huma, Ramji, Alnoor, Rautiainen, Henna, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Remak, William, Ribeiro, Sofia, Ridruejo, Ezequiel, Ríos-Hincapié, Cielo, Robalino, Marcia, Roberts, Lewis, Roberts, Stuart, Rodríguez, Manuel, Roulot, Dominique, Rwegasha, John, Ryder, Stephen, Sadirova, Shakhlo, Saeed, Umar, Safadi, Rifaat, Sagalova, Olga, Said, Sanaa, Salupere, Riina, Sanai, Faisal, Sanchez-Avila, Juan F, Saraswat, Vivek, Sargsyants, Narina, Sarrazin, Christoph, Sarybayeva, Gulya, Schréter, Ivan, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Seto, Wai-Kay, Shah, Samir, Sharara, Ala, Sheikh, Mahdi, Shouval, Daniel, Sievert, William, Simojoki, Kaarlo, Simonova, Marieta, Sinn, Dong Hyun, Sonderup, Mark, Sonneveld, Milan, Spearman, C Wendy, Sperl, Jan, Stauber, Rudolf, Stedman, Catherine, Sypsa, Vana, Tacke, Frank, Tan, Soek-Siam, Tanaka, Junko, Tergast, Tammo, Terrault, Norah, Thompson, Alexander, Thompson, Peyton, Tolmane, Ieva, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Tsang, Tak-Yin, Uzochukwu, Benjamin, Van Welzen, Berend, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Vince, Adriana, Voeller, Alexis, Waheed, Yasir, Waked, Imam, Wallace, Jack, Wang, Cong, Weis, Nina, Wong, Grace, Wong, Vincent, Wu, Jaw-Ching, Yaghi, Cesar, Yesmembetov, Kakharman, Yip, Terry, Yosry, Ayman, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yuen, Man-Fung, Yurdaydin, Cihan, Zeuzem, Stefan, Zuckerman, Eli, and Razavi, Homie

Published
2023
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30. Hepatitis C virus transmission between eight high-income countries among men who have sex with men: a whole-genome analysis

Author

Adams, Tanya, Amjad, Sophia, Appelhans, Christina, Applegate, Tanya, Becker, Brigitta, Bhagani, Sanjay, Bouchard, Rachel, Braun, Dominique, Bruelisauer, Christine, Bruneau, Julie, Calcagnile, Selma, Carroll, Anne, Cerocchi, Orlando, Chronister, Karen, Cordes, Christiane, Dore, Greg, Evans, Fiona, Fedele, Serge, Feld, Jordan, Ferguson, Catherine, Fraser, Chris, Ganase, Bruce, Gane, Ed, George, Valerie, Gerlach, Christoph, Gilleece, Yvonne, Gilliver, Rosie, Grebely, Jason, Grube, Christina, Gustafson, Jenna, Haas, Annette, Hagenauer, Michelle, Harris, Marianne, Helder, Jeltje, Hellard, Margaret, Hirter, Daniela, Hull, Mark, Ingiliz, Patrick, Katz, Stephanie, Kim, Arthur, Kotsoros, Barbara, Lacalamita, Melanie, Lindergard, Gabriella, Lutz, Thomas, Macabodbod, Lester, Manz, Manuela, Marks, Pip, Martinello, Marianne, Matthews, Gail, Messina, Paola, Mohrmann, Karina, Monnich, Christine, Moon, Juhi, Moriggia, Alberto, Morris, Genevieve, Morrish, Thomas, Nelson, Mark, Oliver, Victoria, Patterson, Joanne, Peters, Martine, Petoumenos, Kathy, Porretta, Hadassa, Rauch, Andri, Raymode, Parizade, Read, Phillip, Reece, Stacey, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Saidi, Angelika, Sasadeusz, Joe, Scherler, Pia, Schröder, Reinhold, Selfridge, Marion, Sevehon, Alison, Shaw, David, Sulkowski, Mark, Tamaddoni, Mahshid, Thunder, Orla, Thurnheer, Maria Christine, Tu, Elise, Ustianowski, Andrew, van der Valk, Marc, Witele, Eric, Koopsen, Jelle, Rockstroh, Juergen, Applegate, Tanya L, Sacks-Davis, Rachel, Boesecke, Christoph, Rebers, Sjoerd, Dore, Gregory J, and Schinkel, Janke

Published
2023
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32. Incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs, and associations with age and sex or gender: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Aladashvili, Malvina, Azim, Tasnim, Dietze, Paul, Dumchev, Kostyantyn, Havens, Jennifer R., Hellard, Margaret, Hutchinson, Sharon, Iversen, Jennifer, Judd, Ali, Kåberg, Martin, Kurth, Ann E., Mehta, Shruti H., Mravčík, Viktor, Prins, Maria, Solomon, Sunil S., Strathdee, Steffanie A., Sypsa, Vana, Todd, Catherine S., Valencia, Jorge, Wisse, Ernst, Artenie, Adelina, Stone, Jack, Fraser, Hannah, Stewart, Daniel, Arum, Chiedozie, Lim, Aaron G, McNaughton, Anna L, Trickey, Adam, Ward, Zoe, Abramovitz, Daniela, Alary, Michel, Astemborski, Jacquie, Bruneau, Julie, Clipman, Steven J, Coffin, Carla S, Croxford, Sara, DeBeck, Kora, Emanuel, Eva, Hayashi, Kanna, Hermez, Joumana G, Low-Beer, Daniel, Luhmann, Niklas, Macphail, Gisela, Maher, Lisa, Palmateer, Norah E, Patel, Eshan U, Sacks-Davis, Rachel, Van Den Boom, Wijnand, van Santen, Daniela K, Walker, Josephine G, Hickman, Matthew, and Vickerman, Peter

Published
2023
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33. HIV treatment-as-prevention and its effect on incidence of HIV among cisgender gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Australia: a 10-year longitudinal cohort study

Author

Callander, Denton, McManus, Hamish, Gray, Richard T, Grulich, Andrew E, Carr, Andrew, Hoy, Jennifer, Donovan, Basil, Fairley, Christopher K, Holt, Martin, Templeton, David J, Liaw, Siaw-Teng, McMahon, James H, Asselin, Jason, Petoumenos, Kathy, Hellard, Margaret, Pedrana, Alisa, Elliott, Julian, Keen, Phillip, Costello, Jane, Keane, Richard, Kaldor, John, Stoové, Mark, and Guy, Rebecca

Published
2023
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35. Patient-Reported Outcomes During and After Hepatitis C Virus Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment Among People Who Inject Drugs

Author

Grebely, Jason, Dore, Gregory, Marks, Philippa, Dalgard, Olav, Bruggmann, Philip, Stedman, Catherine, Lacombe, Karine, Powis, Jeff, Hellard, Margaret, Crawford, Sione, Swan, Tracy, Byrne, Jude, Coordinating Centre—Amanda Erratt, Melanie Lacalamita., Cunningham, Evan, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Marks, Pip, Shaw, Ineke, Siriragavan, Sharmila, Amin, Janaki, Quiene, Sophie, Petoumenos, Kathy, Schmid, Patrick, Castro, Erika, Moriggia, Alberto, Daulouede, Jean-Pierre, Conway, Brian, Fraser, Christopher, Feld, Jordan, Bruneau, Julie, Cooper, Curtis, Gane, Ed, Matthews, Gail, Dunlop, Adrian, Kronborg, Ian, Shaw, David, Litwin, Alain, Norton, Brianna, Thurnheer, Maria Christine, Weltman, Martin, Read, Philip, Dillon, John, Kessler, Simone, Knapp, Cornelia, Oprandi, Lorenza, Messina, Paola, Pantic, Marzia, Le Cam, Manuela, Maitre, Cecilia, Andreassen, Jessica, Melkeraaen, Ingunn, Tollefsen, Merete Moen, Pagarigan, Hannah, Milne, Rozalyn, Mason, Kate, Kaznowski, Diana, Zou, Lily, Bouchard, Rachel, Kotsoros, Barbara, Muir, Miriam, Milloy, Jessica, Oliver, Victoria, Noonan, Tracy, Sevehon, Alison, Hazelwood, Susan, Hall, Michelle, Hagenauer, Michelle, Liddle, Rachel, Ferguson, Catherine, Agyemang, Linda, Patel, Hiral, Soloway, Irene, Cerocchi, Orlando, Lacalamita, Melanie, Fragomeli, Vincenzo, Gilliver, Rosie, Lothian, Rebecca, Cleary, Shirley, Johnston, Linda, Middleton, Sarah, D’Amico, Ronald, McGovern, Barbara, Anderson, Jonathan, Zhong, Ze, Keane, Fiona, Tatsch, Fernando, Brainard, Diana, McHutchison, John, Cheng, Qinglu, Cunningham, Evan B., Shih, Sophy, Artenie, Adelina A., Litwin, Alain H., Read, Phillip, Dunlop, Adrian J., Feld, Jordan J., and Dore, Gregory J.

Published
2023
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37. A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat

Author

Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Romero, Diana, Kopka, Christopher J., Karim, Salim Abdool, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Almeida, Gisele, Baptista-Leite, Ricardo, Barocas, Joshua A., Barreto, Mauricio L., Bar-Yam, Yaneer, Bassat, Quique, Batista, Carolina, Bazilian, Morgan, Chiou, Shu-Ti, del Rio, Carlos, Dore, Gregory J., Gao, George F., Gostin, Lawrence O., Hellard, Margaret, Jimenez, Jose L., Kang, Gagandeep, Lee, Nancy, Matičič, Mojca, McKee, Martin, Nsanzimana, Sabin, Oliu-Barton, Miquel, Pradelski, Bary, Pyzik, Oksana, Rabin, Kenneth, Raina, Sunil, Rashid, Sabina Faiz, Rathe, Magdalena, Saenz, Rocio, Singh, Sudhvir, Trock-Hempler, Malene, Villapol, Sonia, Yap, Peiling, Binagwaho, Agnes, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, and El-Mohandes, Ayman

Published
2022
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38. Treatment as prevention effect of direct-acting antivirals on primary hepatitis C virus incidence: findings from a multinational cohort between 2010 and 2019

Author

van Santen, Daniela K., Sacks-Davis, Rachel, Stewart, Ashleigh, Boyd, Anders, Young, Jim, van der Valk, Marc, Smit, Colette, Rauch, Andri, Braun, Dominique L., Jarrin, Inmaculada, Berenguer, Juan, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lacombe, Karine, Requena, Maria-Bernarda, Wittkop, Linda, Leleux, Olivier, Salmon, Dominique, Bonnet, Fabrice, Matthews, Gail, Doyle, Joseph S., Spelman, Tim, Klein, Marina B., Prins, Maria, Asselin, Jason, Stoové, Mark A., and Hellard, Margaret

Published
2023
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40. Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Children Migrating to Australia

Author

Laemmle-Ruff, Ingrid, Graham, Stephen M., Williams, Bridget, Horyniak, Danielle, Majumdar, Suman S., Paxton, Georgia A., Caplice, Lila V. Soares, Hellard, Margaret E., and Trauer, James M.

Subjects
Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis -- Risk factors -- Statistics, Communicable diseases in children -- Diagnosis -- Risk factors -- Statistics, Pediatric research, Health
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading contributor to the burden of infectious disease worldwide, causing >1.2 million deaths in 2019 (1,2). Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), defined as infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis [...]

Published
2022
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41. Recomendaciones para el manejo de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C entre usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral

Author

Grebely, Jason, Robaeys, Geert, Bruggmann, Philip, Aghemo, Alessio, Backmund, Markus, Bruneau, Julie, Byrne, Jude, Dalgard, Olav, Feld, Jordan J., Hellard, Margaret, Hickman, Matthew, Kautz, Achim, Litwin, Alain, Lloyd, Andrew R., Mauss, Stefan, Prins, Maria, Swan, Tracy, Schaefer, Martin, Taylor, Lynn E., and Dore, Gregory J.

Published
2023
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42. Empfehlungen zur Hepatitis Versorgung bei Drogenkonsumierenden

Author

Grebely, Jason, Robaeys, Geert, Bruggmann, Philip, Aghemo, Alessio, Backmund, Markus, Bruneau, Julie, Byrne, Jude, Dalgard, Olav, Feld, Jordan J., Hellard, Margaret, Hickman, Matthew, Kautz, Achim, Litwin, Alain, Lloyd, Andrew R., Mauss, Stefan, Prins, Maria, Swan, Tracy, Schaefer, Martin, Taylor, Lynn E., and Dore, Gregory J.

Published
2023
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43. Recommandations pour la prise en charge de l’infection par le virus de l’hépatite C chez les usagers de drogues par injection

Author

Grebely, Jason, Robaeys, Geert, Bruggmann, Philip, Aghemo, Alessio, Backmund, Markus, Bruneau, Julie, Byrne, Jude, Dalgard, Olav, Feld, Jordan J., Hellard, Margaret, Hickman, Matthew, Kautz, Achim, Litwin, Alain, Lloyd, Andrew R., Mauss, Stefan, Prins, Maria, Swan, Tracy, Schaefer, Martin, Taylor, Lynn E., and Dore, Gregory J.

Published
2023
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44. Sex Discrepancies in the Protective Effect of Opioid Agonist Therapy on Incident Hepatitis C Infection

Author

Geddes, Louise, Iversen, Jenny, Wand, Handan, Esmaeili, Aryan, Tsui, Judith, Hellard, Margaret, Dore, Gregory, Grebely, Jason, Dietze, Paul, Bruneau, Julie, Prins, Maria, Morris, Megan D, Shoukry, Naglaa H, Lloyd, Andrew R, Kim, Arthur Y, Lauer, Georg, Cox, Andrea L, Page, Kimberly, and Maher, Lisa

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease, Hepatitis - C, Digestive Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Analgesics, Opioid, Female, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, sex, hepatitis C virus, people who inject drugs, opioid agonist therapy, harm reduction, International Collaboration of Incident HIV and HCV in Injecting Cohorts (InC3) Collaborative, sex, hepatitis C virus, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundWhile opioid agonist therapy (OAT) reduces the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) acquisition among people who inject drugs (PWID), protective effects may be attenuated in females. We used pooled data from an international collaboration of prospective cohorts to assess sex disparities in HCV incidence among PWID exposed to OAT.MethodsIndependent predictors of HCV infection were identified using Cox regression models with random effects after accounting for the clustering effect of study sites. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented in sex-specific analyses.ResultsAmong 701 participants exposed to OAT, HCV incidence was 16.5/100 person-years of observation (PYO) (95% CI, 13.1-20.7) in females and 7.6/100 PYO (95% CI, 6.0-9.5) in males (female:male adjusted HR [aHR], 1.80 [95% CI, 1.37-2.22]; P < .001). Factors associated with HCV acquisition among females exposed to OAT included nonwhite race (aHR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.25-2.56]; P = .001), unstable housing (aHR, 4.00 [95% CI, 3.62-4.41]; P < .001), daily or more frequent injection (aHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.01-2.08]; P = .042), and receptive syringe sharing (aHR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.33-1.53]; P < .001).ConclusionsFemale PWID exposed to OAT are twice as likely as their male counterparts to acquire HCV. While there is a need for better understanding of sex differences in immune function and opioid pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, structural and behavioral interventions that target women are required to bolster the efficacy of OAT in preventing HCV transmission.

Published
2020

45. Reinfection incidence and risk among people treated for recent hepatitis C virus infection

Author

Martinello, Marianne, Carson, Joanne M., Van Der Valk, Marc, Rockstroh, Jürgen K., Ingiliz, Patrick, Hellard, Margaret, Nelson, Mark, Lutz, Thomas, Bhagani, Sanjay, Kim, Arthur Y., Hull, Mark, Cordes, Christiane, Moon, Juhi, Feld, Jordan J., Gane, Ed, Rauch, Andri, Bruneau, Julie, Tu, Elise, Applegate, Tanya, Grebely, Jason, Dore, Gregory J., and Matthews, Gail V.

Published
2023
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46. The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Sachs, Jeffrey D, Karim, Salim S Abdool, Aknin, Lara, Allen, Joseph, Brosbøl, Kirsten, Colombo, Francesca, Barron, Gabriela Cuevas, Espinosa, María Fernanda, Gaspar, Vitor, Gaviria, Alejandro, Haines, Andy, Hotez, Peter J, Koundouri, Phoebe, Bascuñán, Felipe Larraín, Lee, Jong-Koo, Pate, Muhammad Ali, Ramos, Gabriela, Reddy, K Srinath, Serageldin, Ismail, Thwaites, John, Vike-Freiberga, Vaira, Wang, Chen, Were, Miriam Khamadi, Xue, Lan, Bahadur, Chandrika, Bottazzi, Maria Elena, Bullen, Chris, Laryea-Adjei, George, Ben Amor, Yanis, Karadag, Ozge, Lafortune, Guillaume, Torres, Emma, Barredo, Lauren, Bartels, Juliana G E, Joshi, Neena, Hellard, Margaret, Huynh, Uyen Kim, Khandelwal, Shweta, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, and Michie, Susan

Published
2022
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50. Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study

Author

Blach, Sarah, Terrault, Norah A, Tacke, Frank, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, Craxi, Antonio, Tanaka, Junko, Waked, Imam, Dore, Gregory J, Abbas, Zaigham, Abdallah, Ayat R, Abdulla, Maheeba, Aghemo, Alessio, Aho, Inka, Akarca, Ulus S, Alalwan, Abduljaleel M, Alanko Blomé, Marianne, Al-Busafi, Said A, Aleman, Soo, Alghamdi, Abdullah S, Al-Hamoudi, Waleed K, Aljumah, Abdulrahman A, Al-Naamani, Khalid, Al Serkal, Yousif M, Altraif, Ibrahim H, Anand, Anil C, Anderson, Motswedi, Andersson, Monique I, Athanasakis, Kostas, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Bakieva, Shokhista R, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Bessone, Fernando, Biondi, Mia J, Bizri, Abdul Rahman N, Brandão-Mello, Carlos E, Brigida, Krestina, Brown, Kimberly A, Brown, Jr, Robert S, Bruggmann, Philip, Brunetto, Maurizia R, Busschots, Dana, Buti, Maria, Butsashvili, Maia, Cabezas, Joaquin, Chae, Chungman, Chaloska Ivanova, Viktorija, Chan, Henry Lik Yuen, Cheinquer, Hugo, Cheng, Kent Jason, Cheon, Myeong-Eun, Chien, Cheng-Hung, Chien, Rong-Nan, Choudhuri, Gourdas, Christensen, Peer Brehm, Chuang, Wan-Long, Chulanov, Vladimir, Cisneros, Laura E, Coco, Barbara, Contreras, Fernando A, Cornberg, Markus, Cramp, Matthew E, Crespo, Javier, Cui, Fuqiang, Cunningham, Chris W, Dagher Abou, Lucy, Dalgard, Olav, Dao, Doan Y, De Ledinghen, Victor, Derbala, Moutaz F, Deuba, Keshab, Dhindsa, Karan, Djauzi, Samsuridjal, Drazilova, Sylvia, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Elbadri, Mohammed, El-Sayed, Manal H, Esmat, Gamal, Estes, Chris, Ezzat, Sameera, Färkkilä, Martti A, Ferradini, Laurent, Ferraz, Maria Lucia G, Ferreira, Paulo R A, Filipec Kanizaj, Tajana, Flisiak, Robert, Frankova, Sona, Fung, James, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gane, Edward, Garcia, Virginia, García-Samaniego, Javier, Gemilyan, Manik, Genov, Jordan, Gheorghe, Liliana S, Gholam, Pierre M, Goldis, Adrian, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Gray, Richard T, Grebely, Jason, Gschwantler, Michael, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Hamid, Saeed S, Hamoudi, Waseem, Hatzakis, Angelos, Hellard, Margaret E, Himatt, Sayed, Hofer, Harald, Hrstic, Irena, Hunyady, Bela, Husa, Petr, Husic-Selimovic, Azra, Jafri, Wasim S M, Janicko, Martin, Janjua, Naveed, Jarcuska, Peter, Jaroszewicz, Jerzy, Jerkeman, Anna, Jeruma, Agita, Jia, Jidong, Jonasson, Jon G, Kåberg, Martin, Kaita, Kelly D E, Kaliaskarova, Kulpash S, Kao, Jia-Horng, Kasymov, Omor T, Kelly-Hanku, Angela, Khamis, Faryal, Khamis, Jawad, Khan, Aamir G, Khandu, Lekey, Khoudri, Ibtissam, Kielland, Knut B, Kim, Do Young, Kodjoh, Nicolas, Kondili, Loreta A, Krajden, Mel, Krarup, Henrik Bygum, Kristian, Pavol, Kwon, Jisoo A, Lagging, Martin, Laleman, Wim, Lao, Wai Cheung, Lavanchy, Daniel, Lázaro, Pablo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Alice U, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Li, Michael K K, Liakina, Valentina, Lim, Young-Suk, Löve, Arthur, Lukšić, Boris, Machekera, Shepherd Mufudzi, Malu, Abraham O, Marinho, Rui T, Maticic, Mojca, Mekonnen, Hailemichael D, Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia, Mendez-Sanchez, Nahum, Merat, Shahin, Meshesha, Berhane Redae, Midgard, Håvard, Mills, Mike, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Mooneyhan, Ellen, Moreno, Christophe, Muljono, David H, Müllhaupt, Beat, Musabaev, Erkin, Muyldermans, Gaëtan, Nartey, Yvonne Ayerki, Naveira, Marcelo C M, Negro, Francesco, Nersesov, Alexander V, Njouom, Richard, Ntagirabiri, Rénovat, Nurmatov, Zuridin S, Obekpa, Solomon A, Oguche, Stephen, Olafsson, Sigurdur, Ong, Janus P, Opare-Sem, Ohene K, Orrego, Mauricio, Øvrehus, Anne L, Pan, Calvin Q, Papatheodoridis, George V, Peck-Radosavljevic, Markus, Pessoa, Mário G, Phillips, Richard O, Pimenov, Nikolay, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Prabdial-Sing, Nishi N, Puri, Pankaj, Qureshi, Huma, Rahman, Aninda, Ramji, Alnoor, Razavi-Shearer, Devin M, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Ridruejo, Ezequiel, Ríos-Hincapié, Cielo Y, Rizvi, S M Shahriar, Robaeys, Geert K M M, Roberts, Lewis R, Roberts, Stuart K, Ryder, Stephen D, Sadirova, Shakhlo, Saeed, Umar, Safadi, Rifaat, Sagalova, Olga, Said, Sanaa S, Salupere, Riina, Sanai, Faisal M, Sanchez-Avila, Juan F, Saraswat, Vivek A, Sarrazin, Christoph, Sarybayeva, Gulya, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Sharara, Ala I, Sheikh, Mahdi, Shewaye, Abate B, Sievert, William, Simojoki, Kaarlo, Simonova, Marieta Y, Sonderup, Mark W, Spearman, C Wendy, Sperl, Jan, Stauber, Rudolf E, Stedman, Catherine A M, Su, Tung-Hung, Suleiman, Anita, Sypsa, Vana, Tamayo Antabak, Natalia, Tan, Soek-Siam, Tergast, Tammo L, Thurairajah, Prem H, Tolmane, Ieva, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Tsereteli, Maia, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S C, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Van Santen, Daniela K, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Van Welzen, Berend, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Vélez-Möller, Patricia, Villamil, Federico, Vince, Adriana, Waheed, Yasir, Weis, Nina, Wong, Vincent W-S, Yaghi, Cesar G, Yesmembetov, Kakharman, Yosry, Ayman, Yuen, Man-Fung, Yunihastuti, Evy, Zeuzem, Stefan, Zuckerman, Eli, and Razavi, Homie A

Published
2022
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