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Abstract One of the main issues with retention and suspension packaging is that objects tend to shift toward the sides inside the cardboard box due to impacts, reducing the available cushioning distance during subsequent impacts from the same direction. When a horizontal wrapper is employed to secure objects on a cardboard tray, various modifications are commonly made to address this issue in wrapped packaging. These modifications include adding friction foam underneath the object and altering the tray shape. A special case of wrapped packaging is 3S packaging, which stands for sustainable specific suspension packaging, which focuses on applying this stretch wrapping principle to e-commerce. Previous studies on 3S packaging have shown that a plain rectangular tray can only protect lightweight goods from multiple consecutive drops in the same direction, and increasing the wrapping density does not extend the applicable weight range. This study investigates alternatives for increasing wrapping density, demonstrating that adding friction to the tray is undesirable. Instead, a central narrowing proves to be the most promising option to ensure that the object remains protected from all sides during sequential impacts and expands the applicable range of the wrapped packaging methods. Additionally, incorporating steps into the transition of the central narrowing is beneficial for both the wrapping process and the shock absorption properties of these stretch-wrapped packaging methods. These findings allow for a reduction in material usage, better shock absorption, and faster packaging.

Abstract Although social learning (SL) conceptualization and implementation are flourishing in sustainability sciences, and its non-rigid conceptual fluidity is regarded as an advantage, research must advance the understanding of SL phenomenon patterns based on empirical data, thus contributing to the identification of its forms and triggering mechanisms, particularly those that can address urgent Anthropocene socio-ecological problems. This study aims to discover fundamental patterns along which SL in natural resources management differs by identifying SL archetypes and establishing correlations between the SL process and overall geopolitical conditions. Using a systematic literature review comprising 137 case studies in the five continents, content analysis, and correlations were performed. Results show two main archetypes of social learning (endogenous and exogenous). Their occurrence was linked, to where social learning occurs and how venues/preconditions for social learning are placed. In the Global South, endogenous SL should be better potentialized as a catalyzer of deliberative processes for sustainable natural resources management.

The achievement of a company is largely determined by the quality of the people who work in it. Changes in the environment require their ability to capture the phenomenon, analyze its impact and prepare steps to deal with these conditions. Superior performance has an impact on the company's reputation and growth. This research uses a quantitative approach with data collection methods in the form of questionnaires, observation and documentation. Primary data was obtained from answers to questionnaire questions given to all employees of Bank DKI Syariah Lampung Branch. While secondary data is obtained from various related references. The results showed that competence has a significant effect on employee performance, then the work discipline variable has a significant effect on employee performance, the motivation variable shows a significant effect on employee performance.

Abstract Introduction The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to increase in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Vaccination is recommended in this patient population, and the effect of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) on response to vaccination should be considered. Methods This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study investigated humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination as well as possible predictors for response in patients with MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases who received DMTs in routine clinical practice in Spain. Responses were compared versus those seen in healthy controls. Results After vaccination against COVID-19, most patients with MS developed an immune response comparable to that of healthy individuals. However, approximately half of patients receiving a sphingosine-1-phosphate modulator (SP1-M, fingolimod or siponimod) or a B-cell-depleting agent (aCD20, ocrelizumab or rituximab) did not develop protective antibodies, although patients receiving other DMTs had humoral immune responses comparable to healthy controls. Lymphocyte count was not associated with reduced humoral response in patients receiving an SP1-M or aCD20, whereas, in patients receiving an aCD20 or SP1-M, older age was associated with lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunoglobulin G antibody levels. Conclusions Treatment with aCD20 or SP1-M therapies appears to be associated with a lower humoral response to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination prior to initiation of these DMTs should be recommended whenever possible.

Abstract In response to the climate crisis, there has been much focus on climate-smart agriculture (CSA); namely, technologies and practices that enhance adaptation, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute to food security; the so-called triple win. Success has tended to be measured in terms of the number of farmers adopting CSA with less focus given to the impacts especially on human development. CSA can inadvertently lead to ‘maladaptation’ whereby interventions reinforce existing vulnerabilities either by benefitting powerful elites or by transferring risks and exposure between groups. Such maladaptive outcomes often stem from overly technical adaptation programming that is driven by external objectives and discounts the social and political dynamics of vulnerability. Increasingly a more nuanced picture is emerging. This reveals how a failure to contextualize CSA in relation to the structural socio-economic dynamics associated with agricultural systems that render some categories of farmer especially vulnerable to climate change, undermines CSA’s contribution to reducing rural poverty and increasing equity. In response, there is a growing focus on transformative orientations that pursue a more deep-seated approach to social, institutional, technological and cultural change in order to address the structural contributors to vulnerability and differential exposure to climate risk. Addressing these questions requires a robust consideration of the social contexts and power relations through which agriculture is both researched and practiced. For agriculture to be transformative and contribute to broader development goals, a greater emphasis is needed on issues of farmer heterogeneity, the dangers of maladaptation and the importance of social equity. This entails recognizing that resilience encompasses both agro- and socio-ecological dimensions. Furthermore, practitioners need to be more cognizant of the dangers of (i) benefiting groups of already better off farmers at the expense of the most vulnerable and/or (ii) focusing on farmers for whom agriculture is not a pathway out of poverty. The success of these approaches rests on genuine transdisciplinary partnerships and systems approaches that ensure adaptation and mitigation goals along with more equitable incomes, food security and development. The greater emphasis on social equity and human well-being distinguishes climate-resilient from climate-smart agriculture.

Global climate policies recognize the urgent need to address the inequitable impacts of climate change on smallholder agricultural communities, but there is limited understanding of how to accomplish this in practice. We contribute to closing this gap through the design of a participatory qualitative methodology intended to nurture locally-led “transformative adaptation pathways” that strengthen social equity and sustainability. Our conceptual framework draws upon theories of social equity and justice rooted in participatory parity—values and norms that encourage people to interact with one another as equals and synergistically nurture recognitional, distributional, representational and intergenerational equities. Recognizing that social equity is enhanced when poor and vulnerable people gain decision-making power that expands their access to resources and opportunities, we question how people understand and experience social equity and its relationship to their capacity to adapt. We also ask how norms about gender, generation, and socio-economic status shape people's understandings and experiences of social equity and adaptation. To address these questions, we illustrate the methodological approach with evidence gathered from pilot tests conducted in smallholder communities of Kenya and Philippines. Our findings show how understandings of fairness provide a basis for learning, eliciting comparative and contextualized findings that can inform community-based adaptation. Overall, we demonstrate that in the face of social processes that typically fuel inequities, participatory tools and learning tactics can serve to empower low-income women and men to identify, contribute to, and monitor actions that nurture their community's progress towards strong and equitable climate adaptation capacity.

The term Text Mining, which is given to the set of techniques used for the extraction, cleaning and processing of the information in texts, has become useful to provide valuable information to other algorithms and widely used with statistical and machine learning methods. By enabling the extraction of useful insights from textual data, Text Mining has become a potent tool in decision-making and knowledge discovery across many areas, including health care, government, education and industry. R is a mature open-source programming environment that has overstepped its initial scope of application for statistical computing and graphics to be used in pretty all the Data Science knowledge Area Groups. The objective of this paper is to present review and benchmarking analysis of packages for text mining techniques with R in computational systems. The paper reviews thirteen different packages comparing them on their execution time and memory used, for which new tests have been specifically designed. The results of this approach have been intended to be used over the most common tasks carried out when analyzing texts, and comparisons included allow R users to know which packages are best for each task and to improve their performance. Text mining package (tm) stands out particularly in Tokenization and Stemming techniques, while fastTextR is the best choice for Topic Modeling and Normalization. Also in the case of the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) technique, the textir package is a clear choice. The other packages will depend on whether the technique is applied to a document-term matrix (DTM) or to plain text. In addition, there are packages that perform better in runtime than in memory usage and vice versa, making the choice more difficult. Packages such as udpipe can achieve better results working in parallel. Future works will include the same analysis for parallel computing, hybrid approaches, and novel algorithms.

This paper presents the development and improvement of a high-performance validated radio propagation simulation platform. The design and implementation process of the proposed wireless network planning tool aims to achieve the best human-computer interaction. It takes as a base a previously developed version that allowed the visualization of geospatial data and the use of empirical and semi-empirical algorithms to analyze macrocellular environments. Now, the application also allows the use of the ray launching technique to obtain accurate predictions in urban environments, visualize multiple raster data and display the results dynamically while they are being calculated. The implementation of a 3D geometry reconstruction system has also been included to allow the automatic loading of geospatial information provided by open-source tools such as OpenStreetMap and LiDAR. The 3D reconstruction system allows the user to run simulations of any part of the world. The proposed platform can optimize the position of base stations providing the best coverage based on the constraints provided. The optimization module allows the design and planning of new cellular networks and also the extension of existing networks. The result is an innovative high-performance radio propagation simulation platform that can provide multiple functionalities through a friendly and interactive web interface.

This study aims to analyze how much influence income level, lifestyle, and number of family members have on the level of family welfare in the view of Islamic Economics in Kampung Jati Anom Kel. Srengsem Kec. Panjang. This study uses a quantitative approach which is descriptive statistics. The sampling technique uses Quota Sampling. The population is 294 families and the sample is 100 families. Collecting data using questionnaires/questions and documentation techniques. Partially, the results of this study indicate that the variable income level and lifestyle affect the level of family welfare, while the variable number of family members has no effect. Simultaneously, the level of income, lifestyle, and number of family members affect the level of family welfare. From an Islamic perspective, real welfare is feeling sufficient, this is still not felt by most of the people of Kampung Jati Anom Kel. Srengsem Kec. Panjang.

The development of the internet today, e-marketing is a new form of business in marketing products or services and building communication with consumers through social media. The use of social media marketing as media communication in marketing is influenced by the more fast development of communication technology, especially the internet. Over time, Instagram, which is one of the social media that is currently trending used as a place to the promotion of various forms of business, many forms of the business are promoted via social media Instagram that is an effort Culinary and social media technology are also a means of connecting in increasing moderation in the economy. Development SMEs being one of the pillars in supporting the economy of the region, region, and country, it is necessary to promote small and medium enterprises, one of which is through social media Instagram through the food blogger account that can be accessed by the whole community. Destination study this is for knowing how to influence promotion food blogger The sample is @kuliner_lampung on Instagram social media and find out if promotions are through food bloggers @kuliner_lampung could improve the development of SMEs, especially in the sample of this study, namely culinary. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research in the study in form of results Interviews with 8 . sample SMEs in way Halim in observation or observation. The technique used in the sampling of this research is a purposive technique sampling, the criteria for respondents who became the sample in this study were respondents who had Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) especially culinary in Way Halim District, Bandar Lampungwhich is a user Instagram and those who promote a product or the restaurant through account food bloggers. Based on the results obtained from interviews and observations regarding promotion through food bloggers and interviews with 8 SMEs culinary in way Halim, could be concluded that occur an increase in sales turnover in the 8 SMEs. Promotion via food blogger @kuliner_lampung over and over again in accordance needs, because feel effect which positive after promotion, the business owner earns more profit than usual and can continue his efforts. Indications of equity in economic moderation through welfare can be seen from the increase in the income of SME economic actors, social media is used as a promotional platform that is cheap, easy, and can achieve access to all lines, making social media one of the links in increasing economic moderation.

In the times and technology makes business competition more advanced. It becomes an opportunity to introduce and maintain the product. The number of similar products makes a strategy to make it easier for consumers to choose the product they are looking for. With the development of consumers, consumer desires also develop where the purchase of a product is no longer a need but also a desire. The desire of consumers is not only to meet basic needs but also to problems with physical appearance, especially on the face, which is a beauty that is a top priority for users. The formulation of the problem in this research is whether product quality, product features, product design have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions? Then do product quality, product features, product design have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for cosmetic products at the Kartika Aesthetic Beauty Clinic and Erha Bandar Lampung Beauty Clinic in an Islamic management perspective? This study aims to determine the effect of product quality, product features and product design on purchasing decisions for cosmetic products and to describe it in an Islamic management perspective. This research uses descriptive quantitative method, which is a research method to examine a particular population or sample in order to test the hypothesis that has been set. The data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Sampling in this study by taking the Accidental Sampling technique. And this data collection method using a questionnaire given to 100 respondents each of 50 respondents and interviews with the Beauty Clinic. The results of this test indicate that product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Kartika Aesthetic Beauty Clinic with a significant value of 0.014

This study aims to analyze differences in the financial performance of banks in Indonesia using the profitability ratios of Return on Assets (ROA) and Net Interest Margin (NIM). The method used in this study used a different paired sample t-test. The results of research on the financial performance of banks in Indonesia using the ROA and NIM ratios show differences in banks' financial performance before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Statistical results show a decline in banks' financial performance in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline in financial performance during the pandemic is inevitable, not only from the banking sector. Indonesian banks are not yet effective enough in using assets to generate profits during the pandemic, and weak credit growth so that the allocation of third party funds are placed more in State Securities (SBN) is one of the causes. Keywords: Profitability Ratio, ROA, NIM, Covid-19

Septoria tritici blotch (STB; Zymoseptoria tritici) is a severe leaf disease on wheat in Northern Europe. Fungicide resistance in the populations of Z. tritici is increasingly challenging future control options. Twenty-five field trials were carried out in nine countries across Europe from 2019 to 2021 to investigate the efficacy of specific DMI and SDHI fungicides against STB. During the test period, two single DMIs (prothioconazole and mefentrifluconazole) and four different SDHIs (fluxapyroxad, bixafen, benzovindiflupyr and fluopyram) along with different co-formulations of DMIs and SDHIs applied at flag leaf emergence were tested. Across all countries, significant differences in azole performances against STB were seen; prothioconazole was outperformed in all countries by mefentrifluconazole. The effects also varied substantially between the SDHIs, with fluxapyroxad providing the best efficacy overall, while the performance of fluopyram was inferior to other SDHIs. In Ireland and the UK, the efficacy of SDHIs was significantly lower compared with results from continental Europe. This reduction in performances from both DMIs and SDHIs was reflected in yield responses and also linked to decreased sensitivity of Z. tritici isolates measured as EC50 values. A clear and significant gradient in EC50 values was seen across Europe. The lower sensitivity to SDHIs in Ireland and the UK was coincident with the prevalence of SDH-C-alterations T79N, N86S, and sporadically of H152R. The isolates’ sensitivity to SDHIs showed a clear cross-resistance between fluxapyroxad, bixafen, benzovindiflupyr and fluopyram, although the links with the latter were less apparent. Co-formulations of DMIs + SDHIs performed well in all trials conducted in 2021. Only minor differences were seen between fluxapyroxad + mefentrifluconazole and bixafen + fluopyram + prothioconazole; the combination of benzovindiflupyr + prothioconazole gave an inferior performance at some sites. Fenpicoxamid performed in line with the most effective co-formulations. This investigation shows a clear link between reduced field efficacy by solo SDHIs as a result of increasing problems with sensitivity shifting and the selection of several SDH-C mutations. The presented data stress the need to practice anti-resistance strategies to delay further erosion of fungicide efficacy.

Climate risk management is part of the response to the threat of climate change. Much effort has focused on the promotion on climate-resilient agriculture. There continues to be undue focus on technology solutions per se and not enough attention on the coupling of technologies and socio-economics and how they become embedded in ecological systems underpinning smallholder agriculture. In this perspective, we argue that an intertwined social–ecological–technological systems approach to climate risk management is needed to ensure that climate-resilient agriculture contributes more to the realization of goals of the Paris Agreement and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Furthermore, in line with broader policy thinking on the need for transformative change toward sustainably living on the planet and “leaving no one behind,” a greater focus on transformative adaptation is required. Transformative adaptation tackles the root causes of vulnerability including unevenly distributed power relations, and extant networks of control and influence. There are, however, relatively few examples of moving from the theory of transformative adaptation to practice. Three recent practical examples of transdisciplinary approaches, that we have direct experience of as researchers, provide lessons for initial ways forward as part of climate risk management initiatives. Examples from Vietnam, East and Southern Africa, and Guatemala illustrate the importance of inter- and transdisciplinary responses whereby the inequalities underlying unequal power structures may be addressed, enabling farmers to pursue climate risk management pathways that contribute to climate resilience and human development, as epitomized by the Sustainable Development Goals.

Fertilizer use and genetic improvement of cereal crops contributed to increased yields and greater food security in the last six decades. For rice, however, fertilizer use has outpaced improvement in yield. Excess application of nutrients beyond crop needs, especially nitrogen (N), is associated with losses to the environment. Environmental pollution can be mitigated by addressing fertilizer overuse, improving N use efficiency, while maintaining or improving rice productivity and farmers' income. A promising approach is the site-specific nutrient management (SSNM), developed in the 1990s to optimize supply to meet demand of nutrients, initially for rice, but now extended to other crops. The SSNM approach has been further refined with the development of digital decision support tools such as Rice Crop Manager, Nutrient Expert, and RiceAdvice. This enables more farmers to benefit from SSNM recommendations. In this mini-review, we show how SSNM can foster sustainability in rice production systems through improved rice yields, profit, and N use efficiency while reducing N losses. Farmer adoption of SSNM, however, remains low. National policies and incentives, financial investments, and strengthened extension systems are needed to enhance scaling of SSNM-based decision support tools.

Fungicide resistance has become a challenging problem in management of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, the most destructive disease of winter wheat throughout western and northern Europe. To ensure the continued effectiveness of those fungicides currently used, it is essential to monitor the development and spread of such resistance in field populations of the pathogen. Since resistance to the key families of fungicides used for STB control (demethyalation inhibitors or azoles, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors or SDHIs and Quinone outside Inhibitors or QoIs) is conferred through target-site mutations, the potential exists to monitor resistance through the molecular detection of alterations in the target site genes. As more efficient fungicides were developed and applied, the pathogen has continuously adapted through accumulating multiple target-site alterations. In order to accurately monitor these changes in field populations, it is therefore becoming increasingly important to completely sequence the targeted genes. Here we report the development of a PacBio assay that facilitates the multiplex amplification and long-read sequencing of the target gene(s) for the azole (CYP51), SDHI (Sdh B, C, and D), and QoI (cytochrome b) fungicides. The assay was developed and optimised using three Irish Z. tritici collections established in spring 2017, which capture the range of fungicide resistance present in modern European populations of Z. tritici. The sequences obtained through the PacBio assay were validated using traditional Sanger sequencing and in vitro sensitivity screenings. To further exploit the long-read and high throughput potential of PacBio sequencing, an additional nine housekeeping genes (act, BTUB, cal, cyp, EF1, GAPDH, hsp80-1, PKC, TFC1) were sequenced and used to provide comprehensive Z. tritici strain genotyping.

Pariwisata adalah salah satu sarana untuk mengembangkan konsep ekonomi Islam yang diambil dari Al-Qur’an dan Hadist. Sebagaimana yang diketahui kebanyakan dari kita mendengar jika ada pembicaraan mengenai ekonomi Islam pasti tentang bisnis berlandaskan Islam. Namun, dunia sekarang telah membuka mata secara lebar dan meyakini bahwa sektor pariwisata adalah salah satu jantung kemajuan ekonomi suatu negara selain kemajuan bisnis dan perbankan. Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan perekonomian suatu negara. Saat ini pariwisata yang tengah menjadi tren yaitu pariwisata syariah yang pengoperasiannya sesuai dengan syariah Islam. Adanya sektor pariwisata syariah diharapkan akan mempengaruhi peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat dan kelestarian lingkungan. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan Pasal 5 Butir a menyebutkan, “Kepariwisataan diselenggarakan dengan prinsip menjunjung tinggi norma agama dan nilai budaya sebagai perwujudan dari konsep hidup dalam keseimbangan hubungan antara manusia dan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, hubungan antara manusia dan sesama manusia, dan hubungan antara manusia dan lingkungan”. Berdasarkan pasal ini, maka kebijakan pengembangan pariwisata di Indonesia harus didasarkan pada nilai-nilai agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi dari pariwisata pantai syariah terhadap peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat dan kelestarian lingkungan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan pariwisata syariah memiliki implikasi yang positif terhadap meningkatnya perekonomian masyarakat dan berpengaruh terhadap kelestarian lingkungan.

Os casos de adolescentes envolvidos em delitos tem sido noticiado constantemente, além de ter se configurado como um grave problema social brasileiro. Para dar conta dessa problemática, o Direito busca o diálogo com outras áreas. Essa comunicação multidisciplinar já perpassou antigos embates teóricos em relação a adolescentes em conflito com a lei. Desse modo, o presente artigo objetiva discutir como o Sistema de Justiça se apoiou na Psiquiatria e na Psicologia para a subsidiar a decisão judicial no emblemático caso “Champinha”. O presente artigo caracteriza-se como uma revisão narrativa. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas pesquisas em fontes primárias, além de pesquisas em bibliografias científicas que abordassem a temática. Os dados apontam que a partirde laudos médicos e psiquiátricos emitidos, as medidas tomadas pela Justiçaviolaram os direitos fundamentais do adolescente, visto que foi deferida a interdição civil cumulada com internação hospitalar compulsória de Champinha.Conclui-se assim, que embora,no século XX tenham ocorrido avanços nas garantias e direitos de crianças e adolescentes, o caso apresentado evidencia o quanto ainda, o Estado, baseando-se no saber médico e psicológico pode tomar decisões que violam os direitos fundamentais de adolescentes em conflito com a lei.

On-farm diversification is a promising strategy for farmers to adapt to climate change. However, few recommendations exist on how to diversify farm systems in ways that best fit the agroecological and socioeconomic challenges farmers face. Farmers' ability to adopt diversification strategies is often stymied by their aversion to risk, loss of local knowledge, and limited access to agronomic and market information, this is especially the case for smallholders. We outline seven steps on how practitioners and researchers in agricultural development can work with farmers in decision-making about on-farm diversification of cropping, pasture, and agroforestry systems while taking into account these constraints. These seven steps are relevant for all types of farmers but particularly for smallholders in tropical and subtropical regions. It is these farmers who are usually most vulnerable to climate change and who are, subsequently, often the target of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) interventions. Networks of agricultural innovation provide an enabling environment for on-farm diversification. These networks connect farmers and farmer organizations with local, national, or international private companies, public organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and research institutes. These actors can work with farmers to develop diversified production systems incorporating both high-value crops and traditional food production systems. These diversified farm systems with both food and cash crops act as a safety net in the event of price fluctuations or other disruptions to crop value chains. In this way, farmers can adapt their farm systems to climate change in ways that provide greater food security and improved income.