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Background Little is known about the clinical impact of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) on oligoanuric children undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). Methods We retrospectively assessed IDWG, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and its changes (ΔLVMI), pre-HD systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), residual urine output, Kt/V, the frequency of intradialytic symptoms, normalized protein catabolic rate, and the 3-month change in the dry weight of 16 hemodialyzed oligoanuric patients with a median age of 14.8 years (range 5.0-17.9). Results There was a significant correlation between IDWG and median LVMI (r 0.55, p = 0.026), which was 27.3 g/m.sup.2.7 (22.5-37.6) in the patients with a median IDWG of 4 % (p = 0.003). None of the four patients with an IDWG of 4 % (p = 0.003); the former also had a better median ΔLVMI (-33.5 % vs -13.0 %; p = 0.02) and a lower median DBP sds (0.24 vs 1.72, p = 0.04). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between IDWG and LVMI in pediatric oligoanuric patients on chronic HD: those with an IDWG of >4 % are at a higher risk of left ventricular hypertrophy., Author(s): Fabio Paglialonga[sup.1] , Silvia Consolo[sup.1] , Maria Albina Galli[sup.2] , Sara Testa[sup.1] , Alberto Edefonti[sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore [...]