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Micro minerals play a crucial role in the physiological processes of fish, acting as enzyme cofactors and stabilizing enzyme and protein structures. One of the essential micro minerals needed in the body is zinc (Zn). Zinc is utilized for various physiological processes, including the maintenance of enzymatic processes within the fish's body. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the optimal level of zinc supplementation in feed to enhance the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), based on the reported findings of conducted research. The literature sources were obtained from accredited national journals, international journals, research outcomes, theses, and dissertations over the past 20 years. The results of this literature review indicate that zinc supplementation in feed can have a positive impact on overall fish growth by increasing digestive enzyme activity, particularly protease enzymes. The level of zinc supplementation in fish is influenced by several factors, including: 1) fish size, 2) feed consumption quantity, and 3) duration of maintenance. The optimal dietary zinc intake for Nile tilapia growth is reported to be in the range of 20–50 mg/kg. Keywords: growth, literature study, nile tilapia, zinc ABSTRAK Mikro mineral memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam fisiologi tubuh ikan yang berfungsi sebagai kofaktor enzim dan menjadi penstabil struktur enzim maupun protein. Salah satu mikro mineral yang memiliki fungsi penting dan diperlukan dalam tubuh adalah unsur seng (Zn). Unsur Zn digunakan untuk proses fisiologis termasuk pemeliharaan proses enzimatik dalam tubuh ikan. Tujuan studi pustaka ini adalah menganalisis tingkat suplementasi Zn yang optimum dalam pakan untuk meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus berdasarkan laporan hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Sumber pustaka didapatkan dari jurnal nasional terakreditasi, jurnal internasional, hasil penelitian, tesis, dan disertasi pada kurun waktu 20 tahun terakhir. Hasil studi pustaka ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi Zn dalam pakan dapat memberikan pengaruh positif pada pertumbuhan ikan secara umum melalui peningkatan aktivitas enzim pencernaan terutama enzim protease. Tingkat suplementasi Zn pada ikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya: 1) ukuran ikan 2) jumlah konsumsi pakan dan 3) lama pemeliharaan. Nilai asupan Zn yang memberikan pertumbuhan optimum pada ikan nila adalah sebesar 20–50 mg/kg. Kata kunci: ikan nila, pertumbuhan, seng, studi pustaka

الملخص: أهداف البحث: أثبتت الأبحاث أن تعديل الالتهاب يمكن أن يسرع بشكل كبير من شفاء قرح الفم. تركز دراستنا على إفراز الخلايا الجذعية الوسيطة الدهنية، وهو غني بجزيئات التنظيم المناعي القادرة على تثبيط الاستجابة المناعية والتدخل في المسارات الالتهابية. ونحن نهدف إلى تقييم كل من تعبيرات المسار الالتهابي والأنماط الظاهرية للبلاعم في مواقع تقرحات الفم. طريقة البحث: تم تحفيز حدوث تقرحات الفم في الغشاء المخاطي للقبو السفلي لعشرين من فئران ويستار الذكور الأصحاء. تم علاج هؤلاء الأشخاص موضعيا باستخدام جل إفراز الخلايا الجذعية الوسيطة الدهنية عن طريق الفم ثلاث مرات يوميا لمدة تتراوح بين ثلاثة وسبعة أيام. أجرينا تحليلات كيميائية مناعية لتقييم التعبير عن ''تي إل آر-4'' و ''إن إف كابا بي 65'' في مواقع القرحة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قمنا بتقييم استقطاب البلاعم من خلال فحص نسبة البلاعم إم1/إم2 ، التي تم تحديدها من خلال خلايا سي دي 68 (إم1) وخلايا سي دي 163 (إم2). تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام أنوفا أحادي الاتجاه، متبوعا باختبار توكي للفرق الهام بصدق. النتائج: تطبيق جل إفراز الخلايا الجذعية الوسيطة الدهنية عن طريق الفم قلل بشكل كبير من التعبير عن ''تي إل آر-4'' و ''إن إف كابا بي 65''. عزز هذا العلاج أيضا استقطاب البلاعم نحو النمط الظاهري ''إم2'' المضاد للالتهابات في مواقع القرحة. الاستنتاجات: التطبيق الموضعي لجل إفراز الخلايا الجذعية الوسيطة الدهنية عن طريق الفم ينظم بشكل فعال الاستجابة الالتهابية، ويعزز عمليات الشفاء في نموذج الفئران لقرحة الفم. وهذا يشير إلى فائدته المحتملة كعامل علاجي في إدارة تقرحات الفم. Abstract: Objectives: Research has demonstrated that modulating inflammation can significantly accelerate the healing of oral ulcers. Our study focused on the adipose mesenchymal stem cell secretome (AdMSCS), which is rich in immunoregulatory molecules capable of dampening the immune response and interfering with inflammatory pathways. We assessed both inflammatory pathway expression and macrophage phenotypes at the sites of oral ulcers. Methods: We induced oral ulcers in the inferior fornix mucosa of 20 healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). These subjects were treated topically with adipose MSC metabolite (AdMSCM) oral gel three times daily, for durations of 3 and 7 days. We performed immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 at the ulcer sites. Additionally, we assessed macrophage polarization by examining the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages, identified through CD68+Φ (M1) and CD163+Φ (M2) cells. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by post-hoc Tukey's Honestly Significantly Difference test. Results: Application of AdMSCM oral gel significantly reduced the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65. This treatment also enhanced macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype at the ulcer sites (p

This study aims to analyze the mapparola tradition among the Bugis community from the perspective of Islamic Law sociology. The research addresses two questions: what the concept of mapparola in the wedding party of the Bugis tribe in Wajo is, and what are its implications from the perspective of Islamic Law sociology. This qualitative research employs field data collected through observation and interviews with community leaders and participants in the tradition. The data are analyzed using the ‘urf theory and the receptie a contrario theory, which emphasize that customary law can be valid as long as it does not contradict Islamic law. The findings indicate that the mapparola tradition in Bugis weddings is a form of respect towards the parents and families of the bride and groom, particularly the bride. This tradition, rich in social interactions and the exchange of various gifts, embodies strong Islamic legal philosophy. It is an extension of the guidance on dowry in Islamic law, sociologically shaped by the Bugis community's characteristic of sharing. However, mapparola sometimes poses challenges for prospective brides and grooms who may struggle to meet the traditional standards for providing the agreed-upon items. Therefore, this study recommends that the implementation of the mapparola tradition be adjusted to contemporary conditions, rationality, and the welfare of the prospective couples.

Cardiovascular outreach programs and risk factors profiling have been regarded as key strategy in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases as the leading global causes of death worldwide, especially when being conducted by a professional. This pilot study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a cardiovascular outreach program in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency, to improve knowledge and influence changes in the community’s behavior related to cardiovascular risk factors. This study was conducted by providing educational interventions and profiling cardiovascular risk factors on 90 adults using consecutive sampling method. Health education was performed by experts and evaluated by pre-post tests before and after the material delivery. Statistical analysis was used to assess the relationship of risk factors that can contribute to cardiovascular disease. This study showed a significant increase in the participants' knowledge score after the intervention (p = 0.007). There were several risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the participants, with the highest risk prevalence being diabetes mellitus (33.33%). Six participants (6.67%) had abnormal electrocardiography results. In conclusion, our study showed a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in rural communities and the importance of cardiovascular outreach programs by experts to improve the understanding of cardiovascular disease in a specific community.

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1 and −9), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Transforming Growth factor (TGF)-β are expressed in the oral ulcer wound-healing process. The Adipose mesenchymal stem cell metabolites (AdMSCMs) may accelerate wound-healing. This study aimed to investigate the expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, and TGF-β in the oral mucosa ulcer rat model treated with topical AdMSCMs. Materials and Methods: Oral ulcer models were created in twenty healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into AdMSCMs and control groups. The oral ulcer model was treated topically using AdMSCMs oral gel three times daily for 3 and 7 days. The expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, TGF-β was evaluated through histological examination using the immunohistochemistry method. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean of expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, TGF-β between control and treatment groups (AdMSCMs), and paired t-test was used to analyze the mean between day 3 and day 7 of each group. Results: A lower expression of MMP-1, MMP-9 in AdMSCMs group and higher expression EGF and TGF-β in AdMSCMs group compared to the control group in day 3 and day 7. Independent t-test results showed a significant difference in the expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF between the control and AdMSCMs group in day 3 and day 7. Only TGF-β expression mean difference between day 3 and day 7 showed a significant difference compared to the control groups (p

Critical thinking skills are one of the competencies that students must have in the 21st century. Students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia are still categorized as low because these skills are not provided in learning activities, especially in physics subjects. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying the discovery learning model with the help of e-modules in improving students' critical thinking skills on global warming material. Quantitative method with Pre-Experimental Design design in the form of One Group Pretest-Postest. The research sample amounted to 30 students from one of the State Madrasah Aliyah in Garut Regency, which was selected through random sampling technique. This research instrument consists of 5 essay questions that measure critical thinking skills and 16 questionnaire statements to measure student responses. The research data obtained were analyzed using the Normalized Gain test for essay questions and percentages for student response questionnaires. The results showed an increase in the N-Gain of students' critical thinking skills of 0.66 with a moderate category. While for the student response questionnaire after learning activities with a positive interpretation. This shows that discovery learning assisted by e-module on global warming material can improve students' critical thinking skills. The application of the discovery learning model with the help of e-modules can be an effective strategy to improve students' critical thinking skills, especially on global warming material. Physics teachers can consider using it to better prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century.

Platform media sosial seperti Instagram telah membentuk ruang di mana berita dapat dengan mudah ditemukan dan menarik perhatian individu. Pada Instagram, dapat memberikan komentar-komentar terhadap berita yang telah dibaca. Pemahaman terhadap emosi yang mengiringi komentar-komentar yang telah diberikan pengguna pada postingan berita dapat membantu memahami bagaimana berita tersebut diserap, diinterpretasi, dan direspons oleh publik. Penelitian ini mengkategorikan empat emosi yaitu marah, senang, takut, dan sedih dengan menggunakan model terlatih IndoBERT dan IndoBERTweet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan model IndoBERT dan IndoBERTweet dalam mendeteksi emosi pada komentar akun berita Instagram dan mengeksplorasi dampak penggunaan tahapan preprocessing khususnya remove stopwords dan stemming pada kedua model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model yang tidak melalui tahapan remove stopwords dan stemming menghasilkan kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan model yang melalui tahapan remove stopwords dan stemming, dengan perolehan akurasi sebesar 92,54% untuk model IndoBERTweet dan 88,81% untuk model IndoBERT. Abstract Social media platforms such as Instagram have created a space where news can be easily discovered and attract the attention of individuals. On Instagram, people can provide comments on the news they have read. Understanding the emotions that accompany the comments that users have given on news posts can help understand how the news is absorbed, interpreted and responded to by the public. This research categorizes four emotions, anger, happiness, fear and sadness, using pre-trained models IndoBERT and IndoBERTweet. This research aims to compare the IndoBERT and IndoBERTweet models in detecting emotions in Instagram news account comments and explore the impact of preprocessing stages, especially removing stopwords and stemming on both models. The research results showed that the model that did not go through the remove stopwords and stemming stages produced better performance than the model that went through the remove stopwords and stemming stages, with an accuracy of 92.54% for the IndoBERTweet model and 88.81% for the IndoBERT model.

Children's learning outcomes are in the low category, based on play activities, nutrition and motivation owned by children. This study aims to reveal the play activities, nutrition, and motivation children possess. This research method is correlation using quantitative methodology through a path analysis approach. The population in the study was upper-grade elementary school students. This sampling technique is random sampling, randomly taking 50% of each class at public elementary school 8 Lubuklinggau, a total of 79 students. Data were collected using questionnaires for learning motivation, anthropometric tests to obtain students' nutritional status, and primary data used to see the learning outcomes obtained. The results show the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, with the Beta coefficient having a value of 0.009 for X1 and X3 (p31) and 0.092 for X2 and X3 (p32). While the second structure shows the relationship between the independent variables X1Y, X2Y, and X3Y with the same dependent variable, with the Beta coefficients having values of 0.236 for X1Y (py1), 0.219 for X2Y (py2), and 0.313 for X3Y (py3), it can be concluded that there is a simultaneous influence of play activities, nutritional status and motivation on learning outcomes. In conclusion, research shows that nutritional status and learning motivation play an important role in shaping student learning outcomes at public elementary school 8 Lubuklingau, Padang, Indonesia, with nutritional status also indirectly affecting learning outcomes through its impact on learning motivation.

Abstract This meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the role of klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in human arterial remodeling across recent studies, in terms of arterial calcification, thickness, and stiffness. A systematic literature search was conducted on five databases for articles up to December 2023. Arterial calcification, thickness, and stiffness were determined using the calcification score and artery affected, carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), and pulse wave velocity (PWV), respectively. Sixty-two studies with a total of 27,459 individuals were included in this meta-analysis. Most studies involved chronic kidney disease patients. Study designs were mostly cross-sectional with only one case–control and nine cohorts. FGF-23 was positively correlated with arterial calcification (r = 0.446 [0.254–0.611], p

Since 2011, the Forum Petani Bersatu (FPB) Women's Group in Lunjuk Village has been embroiled in tenurial conflict, resulting in the loss of their plantation land. Currently, most members work as laborers in oil palm plantations, earning a limited income. This community empowerment program aims to empower them as the mainstay of their family's economy by establishing a family micro-enterprise that produces processed ginger products. This is due to the easy and affordable availability of ginger in their vicinity. At the start of the activity, a counseling method was used to emphasize the importance of entrepreneurship. Following this, participants received training on ginger processing, including the production of ginger flour for instant ginger drinks, candy, dodol, and ginger syrup. The outcome of the activity was the establishment of SMEs that produce processed ginger products with an official P-IRT license from the Seluma Health Office. The small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) has been registered with the Seluma Regency Industry, Trade, and Cooperative Office to obtain a business license (HO) and receive assistance from the office. Currently, the SME produces ginger flour and markets it not only in Lunjuk village but also in Bengkulu City.

In this present work, a cycloartobiloxanthone compound was isolated from the stem wood and root bark of the Pudau plant (Artocarpus kemando Miq.). The purity of the compound was determined using thin-layer chromatography with three eluent systems and melting point tests. The sample was then analyzed using UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, ensuring that the compound is cycloartobilox-anthone. The cycloartobiloxanthone compound was obtained in a yellow crystalline form with a melting point of 285.1-294°C. The compound was then investigated for antidiabetic, anticancer, and antibacterial properties, showing that the compound has an anti-diabetic effect by reducing the activity of the α-amylase enzyme, with the highest percentage of inhibition of 48.53 ± 1.84% achieved with the use of 1000 ppm of the compound. Cycloartobiloxanthone isolated has an IC50 value of 9.21 µg/mL for anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells, indicating that the compound shows active cytotoxic actions. Staphylococcus aureus was very strongly inhibited by the compound in the antibacterial test at all doses, whereas for Salmonellasp., the activity was categorized as moderate at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.3 mg/disc and strong at 0.5 mg/disc. The anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and antibacterial bioactivity studies indicated that the cycloartobiloxanthone compound isolated has a broad spectrum of pharmacological actions, indicating that the compound has promising potential. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-04 Full Text: PDF

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of welding on the fatigue and crack behavior of ASTM A36 steel, a low-carbon steel commonly used in various applications, particularly in pressure vessel transport tanks for preventing environmental and health problems due to liquid petroleum gas (LPG) transport tank leaks. This research evaluates the influence of welding on the material’s properties through various testing methodologies, including impact and fatigue tests. The impact tests were conducted using the Charpy V-Notch method, while fatigue tests employed the repeated bending method. The specimens were subjected to testing at different temperatures and angles to evaluate their performance under various conditions. The findings indicate that welding introduces weaknesses in the material, affecting its impact energy and fatigue life. Visual observations and metallographic examinations further revealed the fracture characteristics and microstructural changes in welded and non-welded specimens.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of school-based management at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. This research uses interviews and documents to collect data. There were seven participants in this research, including the principal, school committee, deputy principal for curriculum, deputy principal for student affairs, school treasurer, two teachers, and students. The results of this research are that the appointment of School Based Management at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City has been carried out well. First, starting from planning, namely student affairs arrangements from student registration to various activities that can be carried out in the student affairs department. Furthermore, curriculum management and school teaching programs are given the freedom to develop the curriculum. Furthermore, financial management and financing can be seen from the orderly determination of the school budget, the existence of financial transparency. Second, the implementation of SBM for educational staff at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City is good because they have expertise in their respective fields. Facilities and infrastructure management can be seen from the school's efforts to provide facilities and infrastructure, maintenance and development so that it can help the teaching and learning process run smoothly. Third, the financial planning evaluation is conveyed to the school community and the school committee by holding a parent meeting. Reporting on program implementation and finances is done by making reports

AbstractIndonesia has the potential to develop biomass, such as MSW and wood pellets, as a source of energy. Syngas from biomass gasification can be used as fuel for dual-fuel diesel engines in order to transition energy. We investigated the gasification of MSW and wood pellets using a downdraft reactor with a capacity of 130–144 kg in order to determine the properties of the produced syngas for use in dual-fuel syngas diesel engines. Four days are dedicated to the process of preheating biomass with sunlight. The experiment was designed with an equivalent ratio of 0.22 and an oxidation zone temperature between 700 and 900 degrees Celsius. According to the experimental results, the average lower heating value of syngas produced by the air gasification of MSW biomass was 5.85 MJ/Nm3, the cold gas efficiency was 56.6%, and the carbon conversion efficiency was 94.77%. The average lower heating value from wood pellet biomass air gasification was 5.95 MJ/Nm3, the cold gas efficiency was 67.7%, and the carbon conversion efficiency was 94.28%. Solar heating of biomass has been shown to increase the calorific value of biomass gasification to syngas.

Market organic waste (LOP) is organic residue or residue generated from market trading activities such as residual vegetables, fruits, and other organic foodstuffs. This waste can be a source of environmental problems if not managed properly because it can rot and cause unpleasant odors. Still, if managed properly, it can be used as an alternative feed for livestock. This study aims to evaluate the quality of LOP silage using rejected commercial syrup as silage additives. The manufacture, harvesting, drying, and siege of silage are conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau. The experimental method with a Complete Randomized Design consisting of 5 treatments and five repeats was used in this study. The treatment in question was P1: spinach 33.3% + cabbage 33.3% + kale 33.3% as control, for P2, P3, P4, and P5 plus SKA of 1%, 2, 3, and 4%, respectively, based on dry matter, then enzymatic for 30 days at room temperature. The parameters measured are temperature, humidity, mold growth, and silage pH. The data obtained were analyzed based on variety analysis, and the difference in parameter values between treatments was further tested with a DMRT level of 5%. The results of the variety analysis showed that the use of SKA had a significant effect (P

Background: Thyrotoxicosis is related to cardiovascular mortality. This can be caused by several clinical manifestations involving the rare provocation of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and mitral regurgitation (MR). However, there are still no clear data on thyrotoxic TR and/or MR. This study examines the progression of TR, MR, heart failure (HF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in response to the thyrotoxic heart manifestations, clinical characteristics and treatment approaches. Methods: A PRISMA-based systematic search was conducted using PubMed and other databases up to 17 June 2023. The outcomes of this study were TR, MR, HF and PH with their progression on follow-up, clinical characteristics and treatment approaches. Results: A total of 57 case reports involving 62 patients (45.77 ± 13.41 years) were included in this study. They were predominantly women (n=50; 80.65%) and diagnosed with Graves’ disease (n=41; 75.81%). All patients were diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis, and this included 23 (37.10%) cases of thyroid storm. From echocardiographic studies, several patients improved clinically within the first 6 months of follow-up, including 20 TR patients (83.33%) in 6 months, nine MR patients (69.23%) in 3 months, eight HF patients (66.67%) in 2 months and 16 PH patients (76.19%) in 6 months. Conclusion: Several mechanisms are involved in thyrotoxic TR and/or MR, including the direct thyroid hormone effect and the indirect effect of other hyperthyroidism-associated factors. Patients with thyrotoxic TR and/or MR, including those with HF and PH, can experience clinical and structural improvements following hyperthyroidism treatment in the first 6 months.

Summary: The presence of calcified nodule (CN) is a significant characteristic of atherothrombosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, its characteristics continue to be understudied. This review aimed to further investigate these characteristics. This study found that CN was a distinctive feature of an atheromatous plaque, representing 6.3% of ACS. CN was more common in NSTE-ACS than in STEMI patients (9.4% vs. 6.6%). CN was also chiefly observed in the left anterior descendant artery (48%), followed by the right coronary (40.4%) and left circumflex (14.5%) arteries. Higher prevalence of hypertension (78.8%), diabetes mellitus (50.8%), multivessel disease (71.7%), and kidney disease (26.43%) were noted in CN compared to non-CN patients. CN-associated ACS also 6-fold increased the risk of target lesion revascularization compared to those without CN.

State borders are imperative to a country as affirmation of the limits of the sovereignty of the country. A border is a strategic and vital area. The term strategic comes from the fact that a border area has natural resource potencies and a market opportunity because of its close distance from the neighboring country. It is vital since, in a political term, a border area is related to State sovereignty, defense, security, nationalism, and social, economic, and cultural aspects. This research focuses on analyzing and developing a model for settling the unresolved segment in Noel Besi-Citrana, land borders of Indonesia-Timor Leste. The method was qualitative with a case study approach. Findings showed that the unresolved segment problem in Noel Besi-Citrana had its roots in the dissenting interpretation of the 1904 Treaty. We proposed a model for settling the unresolved segment in Noel Besi-Citrana by studying the negotiation process development between Indonesia and Timor Leste is a settlement model using a top-down political approach. A political approach was considered the most effective because the regular way that is usually done causes this problem to drag on.

Accidents can happen at home, school, day care center, or on the street at any time of the day. Children are prone to accidents or injuries because of their curiosity and vulnerability to accidents, especially at school. Accidents can include falls, choking on food, swallowing objects, electric shock, exposure to hot water, and drowning. The empowerment was carried out to increase the knowledge and skills of students in schools in providing first aid measures for open wounds. The activity was carried out at the Kota Kinabalu Indonesian School (SIKK) with 239 participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in knowledge and skills after being given education. Good knowledge and skills will improve health services and minimize the risk of injury. Similar activities can be carried out again with health topics and more diverse participants.

Lithium-Ion Capacitors (LICs) show promise as electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs) that combine a supercapacitor-type cathode and a Lithium Ion-type anode with an organic electrolyte containing lithium salts. In this study, porous carbon (LICs cathode) was synthesized from tea waste biomass using a potassium carbonate (K2CO3) activator. During synthesis, the weight ratios for carbon and activator were 1:2 (GAC-2); 1:3 (GAC-3); and, 1:4 (GAC-4), respectively. Meanwhile, the synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 material (LICs anode) was carried out using a salt-assisted solid-state method. Based on X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), the synthesized carbon material initially showed an amorphous structure (without activator), which was followed by the formation of graphite peaks (activator addition). The XRD pattern of prepared LTO material matched the cubic spinel structure of Li4Ti5O12 (Fd-3m, PDF no. 49–0207). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed macropores in the synthesized carbon material in all samples whereas the LTO material displayed a cubic morphology with a smooth surface. The specific discharge capacity of the prepared LTO was 160 mAh/g (half-cell vs. Li). The Specific Discharge Capacities of Lithium ion capacitor (LIC) of LTO/HC, LTO/GAC-2, LTO/GAC-3, and LTO/GAC-4 samples were 22, 36, 42 and 51 mAh/g, respectively. The Cyclic voltammetry verified that the prepared cells have stable pseudocapacity properties. The prepared LIB from tea waste bio-graphite/LTO shows its high-performance characteristic indicates from its energy density, power density and lifetime.

Introduction: Shopping value, which influences shopping experiences, has garnered attention and constitutes a well-studied topic in marketing. This study aimed to measure and describe differences in consumer shopping behavior between Thailand and Indonesia regarding hedonic and utilitarian values. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional survey conducted among consumers residing in Indonesia and Thailand. The respondents comprised 70 individuals aged 18 years from Surakarta City and an equivalent number from Nonthaburi City. The data distribution and collection using questionnaires were carried out for 2 months, from July to August 2023. The data analysis was performed by utilizing SPSS software. Notably, both cities are in the process of rapid development into metropolises. Most respondents were women under 25 years old. Results: This study discovered that Indonesian and Thai consumers performed hedonic shopping behaviors. However, consumers with hedonic shopping behaviors in Thailand were more inclined towards impulsive shopping behaviors and engaged in shopping activities out of desire rather than necessity, compared to consumers in Indonesia. Conclusion and suggestion: This study described that both Indonesian and Thai consumers had utilitarian shopping behaviors, enabling them to accomplish their objectives and procure desired items effectively during shopping endeavors. Nonetheless, consumers in Thailand display a tendency to find their desired items and prefer to shop briefly compared to their counterparts in Indonesia. Future researchers would benefit from examining the relationship between consumer behavior and other factors such as age or gender. Understanding the influence of these variables on shopping behavior is crucial for gaining comprehensive insights into consumer preferences and decision-making processes in the retail environment.

This article explores the crucial role of legal education in societal transformation, with a specific focus on fostering legal awareness and promoting social justice. The introduction highlights the inherent interconnectedness of individuals in communal living and emphasizes law as a dual-aspect phenomenon governing legal subjects. The research aims to analyze the multifaceted functions of law, such as social control, engineering, symbolism, politics, and integration, to contribute to shaping a balanced and just society. The paper also delves into the objectives of legal education, intending to cultivate responsible citizens with a comprehensive understanding of legal awareness. Employing a qualitative approach through an extensive literature review, the methodology focuses on studying existing scholarly works. The article advocates for integrated efforts to realize legal transformation and societal harmony through robust legal education initiatives. In conclusion, it underscores the need for a collective commitment to fostering legal awareness for a more just and harmonious society

The open dumping system implemented by the Batu Layang landfill can produce leachate, contaminating groundwater around the landfill. Groundwater contaminated with leachate, if used by the community, can cause health problems. Therefore, management efforts were needed, such as subsurface leachate modeling. This study aims to model the distribution of subsurface leachate in 2 dimensions. The modeling of leachate distribution below the soil surface used the Wenner configuration geoelectric method. The number of geoelectric measurement paths was two paths. The length of each track was 195 m, with a distance of 5 m between the electrodes. Data obtained from resistivity values were analyzed using the Res2Dinv application. The calculation of leachate discharge used the water balance method. Based on the inversion results using the Res2Dinv software, the resistivity value of leachate-contaminated soil in line 1 was 1.19-9.43 Ωm, and track 2 was 0.5-10.2 Ωm. The leachate resistivity value was

This article analyzes and describes the implementation of the Regional Cultural Preservation Policy which is a form of effort to achieve the Vision and Mission of an Independent and Cultured Dharmasraya Maju Regency. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach, and uses interview and documentation techniques, while the types of data consist of primary data and secondary data. The results of this study explain that the Regional Government of Dharmasraya Regency has formulated regional cultural problems by elaborating on regional strategic issues which then determines regional culture preservation strategies and regional policy directions. The implementation of the Regional Preservation Policy is carried out systematically and in collaboration with several relevant stakeholders such as LKAAM, DPRD, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, Ministry of PUPR, BPCN, and BNPB.

Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) membutuhkan pendampingan dalam memanfaatkan sosial media untuk promosi produk. Media sosial dapat dimanfaatkan oleh mahasiswa ke arah yang positif untuk pengembangan keahlian dalam bidang desain grafis. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan keahlian mahasiswa dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi terutama dalam bidang desain grafis. Metode penelitian menggunakan Participant Action Reseach (PAR) yang mana mahasiswa dilatih keahlian desain grafis kemudian praktik desain promosi produk lokal yaitu Zuper Sabun Cair dan Vaction Parfum Sepatu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa berkolaborasi dengan produk lokal dalam menentukan goal setting dan brand identity sehingga produk lokal menjadi lebih terpercaya dan mampu meyakinkan calon konsumen. Studi ini menunjukkan pentingnya memahami konsep komunikasi pemasaran dan memiliki keahlian komunikasi visual dalam membangun identitas merek. Kolaborasi perguruan tinggi dengan masyarakat mampu menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baik bagi masyarakat maupun untuk mahasiswa. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) need assistance in utilizing social media for product promotion. Social media can be exploited by students in a positive direction to enhance their expertise in graphic design. This research aims to improve students' skills by leveraging technological advancements, particularly in the field of graphic design. The research employs the Participant Action Research (PAR) method, where students are trained in graphic design skills and subsequently practice designing promotions for local products such as Zuper Liquid Soap and Vaction Shoe Perfume. The findings reveal that students collaborate with local products to establish goal settings and brand identity, enhancing the trustworthiness of local products and convincing potential consumers. This study illustrates the importance of understanding marketing communication concepts and possessing visual communication skills in building brand identity. The collaboration between universities and communities can create job opportunities for both the community and students, showcasing the significance of such partnerships in fostering economic development.

Photocatalysis is one of the environmentally friendly methods for degrading down wastewater contamination. TiO2 as one of the photocatalyst material is claimed can enhance the photocatalytic activity much better, if the band gap energy is reduced. In order to reduce the bandgap energy of TiO2, the novel in this research is that the temperature variations over a 24-hour period at 100 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C, and 160 °C in hydrothermal process to synthesize the photocatalyst material with Ag-doped. Diffraction patterns of Ag-TiO2 show that all sample have tetragonal crystal structure and an anatase phase which also has excellent crystallinity. Some of the nanoparticles on the surface of Ag-TiO2 have a consistent morphology, while other particles are formed irregularly. According to the DRS UV-Vis result, bandgap energy reduced as temperature increased (Eg = 3.2 eV to 2.32 eV). The results from PL Ag-TiO2 160 have the lowest intensity, which indicates a low rate of electron-hole recombination. The Ag-TiO2 160 sample produced the best photocatalytic activity, according to the results of the MB degradation test, with a relative change in concentration of 92.98% for 2 h under visible light. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

This research examines the Santripreneur in Santrendelik in terms of tangible evidence of the pesantren’s concern for entrepreneurship and religiosity comprehensively. This qualitative research uses a phenomenological approach with triangulation as a source and analysis of the validity of the data. This study found that pesantren have an important role in developing the economic independence of Santri in the future. This research also proves that the concept of Islamic entrepreneurship also known as Santripreneur in Santrendelik is clear evidence of the pesantren’s concern for entrepreneurship and religiosity, this can be proven through two leading activities in Santrendelik, namely oxygen alms and goat bank. The oxygen alms program has become a concrete manifestation of Santrendelik’s concern for the environment and the future based on cooperation from various parties. Therefore, planting trees and protecting the environment so that it remains sustainable is a shared responsibility. Furthermore, the goat bank has become concrete evidence of Santripreneurs in Santrendelik, because the goat bank is a productivealms that can make alms funds optimally utilized for economic activities which in this case are goats so that the value of blessings and benefits is increasingly felt by the community.

Introduction: Unauthorized transfer of trade secrets can harm the owner, cause financial loss, damage reputation and trigger legal action. In the era of globalization and technology, the transfer of trade secrets is increasingly urgent to be legally regulated. Legislation has been implemented in various countries to protect trade secrets, but the legal consequences vary. The repercussions involve financial loss, reputation, legal action and ethical business considerations. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the process of identifying and handling the transfer of trade secrets under the hand in Indonesian legal practice. This study also aims to understand the legal consequences that apply to the perpetrators of private transfer of trade secrets in the Indonesian legal system. Methods of the Research: This research uses normative legal research methods to analyze statutory regulations, court decisions, and legal literature related to the private transfer of trade secrets. A statutory approach helps understand the applicable legal framework. Data sources include various legal documents and legal literature, with data collection techniques focusing on document analysis and literature study. Data analysis involves identifying trends and legal implications of cases related to private transfer of trade secrets in the Indonesian legal context. Results of the Research: The process of identifying and handling illegal transfers of trade secrets in Indonesia is an important step in protecting business and industry. It covers the steps from identification to prosecution, with reference to regulations such as the Trade Secret Act. Trade secrets must be confidential and have economic value. Prevention through internal security policies and employee training is also necessary. Perpetrators of the transfer of trade secrets may face civil, criminal and administrative actions in accordance with applicable law, with consequences including criminal sanctions, demands for compensation and confiscation of goods or documents. Protection is also given to whistleblowers in good faith. Internal policies, nondisclosure agreements, and consulting legal advisors are important for protecting trade secrets. All parties must understand and comply with the law to maintain business integrity in Indonesia.

Background: Revascularization is important for the healing of diabetic foot ulcers with peripheral arterial disease because it aids in the restoration of the perfusion function of the leg tissues and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications. However, no Indonesian studies have been identified that exclusively discuss the effectiveness of revascularization for patients with this condition. This study aimed to compare the healing rates of diabetic foot ulcers with peripheral arterial disease in patients who received or did not receive revascularization. Methods: This cohort study included diabetic foot ulcer patients with peripheral arterial disease undergoing treatment at our institution who received or did not receive revascularization based on the wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI) score criteria. Wound healing was considered complete re-epithelialization within six months of the procedure or consistent epithelialization for four consecutive weeks. Patients who required amputation within six months of observation were deemed to have failed therapy. Results: Each group contained 23 patients. The revascularization group exhibited a healing rate of 78.3 % (18 patients), while the non-revascularization patients had a rate of 26.1 % (6 patients). The wounds of revascularized patients were 14.944 (1.102–202.692) times more likely to heal than those without revascularization (p

The utilization of Information Technology (IT) in higher education setting aims to enhance the quality of education, and this initiative is realized through the implementation of Information Technology at the Institute of Health Sciences and Technology Muhammadiyah Palembang (IKesT MP) in the form of an Academic Information System (SIMAKAD). SIMAKAD is a vital role as a tool to manage internal data and serves as an information hub for students. This research is conducted to evaluate the acceptance level of the UTAUT2 model and the impact of both the main and target variables within the UTAUT2 model. This research utilizes a quantitative method with 150 respondents, analyzed using SMART PLS 3.0 software." software. The research findings indicate that the acceptance level of the UTAUT2 model reaches 74%, signifying a high adoption rate. Variables like Perceived Value (p-Value: 0.019) and Habit (p-Value: 0.009) significantly influence Behavioral Intention, with a p-Value 0.05, indicating that their hypotheses are accepted. On the other hand, variables such as Performance Expectancy (p-Value: 0.660), Effort Expectancy (p-Value: 0.417), Social Influence (p-Value: 0.652), and Facilitating Conditions (p-Value: 0.292) There is no substantial influence on Behavioral Intention as a result of using Information Technology (IT), indicating that their hypotheses have not been endorsed.. Additionally, the variable Hedonic Motivation (p-Value: 0.978) also does not can significantly impact one's inclination toward a behavior Intention. However, variables Facilitating Conditions (p-Value: 0.000) and Behavioral Intention (p-Value: 0.000) have a positive impact on Use Behavior, indicating that their hypotheses are accepted. Conversely, the variable Habit (p-Value: 0.915) Does not exert a significant impact on Uss Behavior, resulting in the rejection of its hypothesis.

Quick process shift detection and lower out-of-control run length are essential for monitoring the production process, especially in modern smart manufacturing. Specifically, the out-of-control run length is one of the most critical performance measures to evaluate the manufacturing process monitoring (MPM) model. The sooner the out-of-control is detected, the better the model is. However, developing a monitoring model which can provide quick shift detection for various data dimensions and volumes is challenging. In this research, single (1_LSTM) and stacked (S_LSTM) long-short-term memory (LSTM) based models with metaheuristic optimizer were proposed to detect process shifts quickly in the manufacturing domain. Based on the literature, three metaheuristic methods: Clustering-based organism search (CSOS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Simulated Annealing (SA) that are suitable for high-dimensional optimization were utilized in the proposed method to optimize weights in the LSTM-based network. The proposed models were evaluated based on average out-of-control run length (ARL1) against benchmark methods on various synthesized multivariate normal and real-world datasets. Also, the performances of CSOS, PSO, and SA were compared. The results show that CSOS_S_LSTM outperforms other methods with lower ARL1. The result also confirmed the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed models for real-world problems. The experimental results showed that the response time of detection can be improved by 33.19% and 38.77% on average using the proposed 1_LSTM and CSOS LSTM-based metaheuristics models, respectively.

Test kebuntingan ternak merupakan salah satu teknik/ alat yang dapat mendeteksi kebuntingan ternak. Alat test kit kebuntingan ternak ini dapat mengidentifikasi kebuntingan sapi potong secara dini, hal ini tentu berguna bagi peternak dalam mengambil tindakan yang sesuai dengan manajemen reproduksi dan perawatan sapinya. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah: 1. untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan peternak mengenai deteksi kebuntingan dini dan proses reproduksi ternak sapi dalam rangka untuk meningkatkan angka kelahiran anak sapi, 2. meningkatkan ketrampilan/keahlian peternak dalam mendeteksi kebuntingan dini ternak sapi guna meningkatkan efisiensi dalam operasional usaha peternakan, dan 3. desiminasi teknologi kebuntingan sapi secara dini menggunakan test kit kebuntingan pada kelompok ternak salingka kampus di Kota Padang. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di kelompok ternak salingka kampus yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Pauh Kota Padang. Metode kegiatan yaitu penyuluhan, pelatihan/ demonstrasi dan evaluasi. Peserta kegiatan adalah Kelompok Tani Taruko Sakato, dosen dan mahasiswa Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Andalas. Perolehan hasil kegiatan ini adalah peserta dapat memahami prinsip kerja test kit, pengumpulan sampel urine yang diperlukan, bahkan peserta dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan dan pemahaman dalam melakukan deteksi kebuntingan ternak secara mandiri dengan cepat dan akurat. Penerapan teknologi test kit kebuntingan sapi ini diharapkan dapat membantu peternak dalam meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi dalam manajemen reproduksi dan produksi sapi sehingga berdampak positif terhadap peternak dan ketahanan pangan lokal. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini dapat memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan ketrampilan praktis pada kelompok tani/mitra dalam mengadopsi teknologi inovatif untuk peningkatan hasil usaha peternakan sapinya.

Effective city solid waste management has become a critical issue for communities globally due to the rapid pace of urbanization and increasing environmental concerns. The convergence of economic development and environmental preservation in Batam City, Indonesia, has underscored the necessity for inventive waste management approaches. This study examines the impact of dynamic governance and community empowerment in addressing the intricate waste issue in Batam City. The research uses a qualitative approach to investigate the underlying reasons for waste management difficulties. It investigates how adaptive governance might improve stakeholder cooperation and decision-making based on facts. Effective policy implementation relies on public interaction, yet meaningful participation remains difficult. Prior research suggests that individuals are more inclined to engage in matters that directly impact them, and ambiguous implementation protocols and a lack of confidence in political establishments frequently hinder community engagement in environmental policy. The waste management techniques in Batam City are conventional and inefficient due to limited government resources, highlighting the necessity for a more comprehensive strategy. The study’s results indicate that implementing dynamic governance, which involves the flexibility to adapt and collaborate with stakeholders, can enhance waste management procedures. In addition, applying social capital theory can facilitate community empowerment, leading to a heightened sense of ownership and active engagement in waste management initiatives. Communities can enhance the effectiveness and durability of waste management systems by utilizing social networks, trust, and shared standards. This study emphasizes the significance of integrating inventive governance approaches with community-led efforts to tackle urban trash issues and advance sustainable development in Batam City.

Purpose – This study intends to provide an in-depth explanation of the importance of transforming cash waqf management in Indonesia through a digitalization platform. Methodology – This research was library research. The data collection techniques used in this study were literature review and documentation. Data analysis techniques are in the form of content analysis. The stages of content analysis in this research were carried out by determining the problem, compiling a framework of thought, compiling methodological tools, analyzing literature data, and interpreting the data that have been obtained. Findings – The findings of this study suggest that cash waqf innovation through digital platforms has proven to be an applicable solution. The transformation of cash waqf management through digital platforms has proven to accelerate the growth of waqf assets and the benefits of waqf for the improvement of community welfare and to increase public knowledge and awareness of cash waqf. The constraints of digital cash waqf development in Indonesia are the lack of qualified and professional nazirs and human resources, strong business network for digital cash waqf development, digital cash waqf socialization among the public, and popularity of digital waqf institutions. Implications – This research is useful for improving the transformation of cash waqf management through digitalization, which has demanded collaboration and synergy between the Indonesian government and Zakat institutions. Originality – This study examined the digital transformation model of cash waqf management in Indonesia.

A survey was carried out to assess the opportunities and barriers for farmers to adopt intercropping and crop rotations in the uplands of Prey Veng and Svay Rieng provinces in South-Eastern of Cambodia. Survey methods with 37 respondents in Prey Veng and 39 respondents in Svay Rieng. Epidata Software was used to build a data entry template and the data was further exported into SPSS Software for final cleaning and analysis. Each province has differences in agricultural cultivation and crop types. Majority of agricultural land is owned by farmers in Prey Veng province at 78.4% and Svay Rieng province at 74.4%, while rental land is 21.6-25.6%. The practices of crop rotation and intercropping systems is very low, crop rotation at 5.1-13.5% and intercropping at 2.6-5.4%. Own land ownership and practices of crop rotation/intercropping in Prey Veng province are higher than in Svay Rieng province. Obstacles to the adoption of intercropping between provinces are different, in Svay Rieng Province are lack of access to irrigation, lack of access to markets, labor and credit; while in the province of Svay Rieng are small field size, lack of market, lack of land ownership and lack of credit. In both provinces is the suitability of the technologies to the region and the high level of complexity. The barriers to adoption, especially lack of markets, labour and credit suggest the need for greater engagement of the private sector for the provision of advice and support.

Perilaku bullying merupakan suatu tindakan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang atau suatu kelompok terhadap orang lain yang dianggap lemah dalam berbagai bentuk dan merupakan permasalahan serius karena akan berdampak buruk bagi korbannya. Berbagai faktor penyebab tindakan bullying antara lain, faktor masalah dalam keluarga, faktor sekolah yang tidak memperhatikan murid dengan baik, faktor lingkungan dan faktor media. Untuk itu tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan wawasan dan pengetahuan terkait anti-bullying dan dampak bullying di lingkungan sekolah sehingga dapat membentuk karakter murid yang memiliki jiwa sosial yang tinggi. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini dilaksanakan pada 27 Oktober 2023 dengan menggunakan metode penyuluhan yang dihadiri oleh 35 orang murid dan 3 orang guru pendamping. Hasil dari kegiatan sosialisasi ini menunjukan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan terkait bullying dan pencegahannya serta para murid yang mampu menjawab pertanyaan dengan baik dari pemateri.

Visiting religious tourism destinations to mosques is currently becoming a trend among Indonesians. Social changes in society in choosing religious tourism destinations are relevant topics for research. This study intends to explain the phenomenon of the transformation of religious tourism visit destinations from pilgrimages to the Sheikh Zayed Mosque in Solo. This study used a qualitative research method that uses data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data sources in this study are the community around the Sheikh Zayed Mosque, visitors, and managers of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque. The data were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusions. The empirical findings of this study have shown that there has been a shift in the goals of religious tourism destinations from those that used to be pilgrimages to tombs and have now shifted to visits to major mosques, one of which is the Sheikh Zayed Mosque. Based on the results and findings of this study, it can be concluded that transformation is closely related to the changes from one form to another. The findings of this study explain the process of transforming a religious tourism destination, which is usually a pilgrimage to a visit to the Sheikh Zayed Mosque. The existence of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque has been proven to have a better financial impact on the surrounding community.

Terung (Solanum melongena) merupakan tanaman hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan dibudidayakan secara luas. Salah satu kendala budi daya tanaman terung ialah adanya infeksi virus yang menyebabkan penyakit. Pada beberapa pertanaman terung di Bengkulu ditemukan gejala sistemik mosaik kuning yang mirip dengan infeksi Begomovirus pada cabai. Penelitian bertujuan mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi penyebab gejala mosaik kuning pada tanaman terung di Bengkulu yang diduga disebabkan oleh Begomovirus dan berasosiasi dengan betasatelit. Sampel diambil secara purposive dari pertanaman terung di Kota Bengkulu, Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah, Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara, Kabupaten Kepahiang, dan Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Deteksi virus dilakukan dengan metode PCR menggunakan primer universal Begomovirus dan primer spesifik betasatelit serta identitas virus dikonfirmasi dengan perunutan sikuen DNA. PCR dengan primer universal Begomovirus dan betasatelit berhasil mengamplifikasi DNA berturut-turut berukuran ±912 pb dan ±1300 pb dari sampel daun yang bergejala mosaik kuning, malformasi daun, dan penebalan tulang daun. Berdasarkan hasil perunutan DNA sampel dari Bengkulu Utara dan Kepahiang menunjukkan homologi tertinggi berkisar 99% dengan Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV) asal Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Thailand. Hasil deteksi dan identifikasi ini merupakan laporan pertama infeksi TYLCKaV dan asosiasinya dengan betasatelit Begomovirus pada terung di Bengkulu.

Ibnu Al Mubarok Islamic Boarding School is an Islamic Education Institution under the Ulil Albab Al Ja'afariyah foundation located on Jl. Sri Palas, Rumbai Bukit, Rumbai District, Pekanbaru City, in its construction activities the Islamic Boarding School requires a topographic map as a basis for planning the Site Plant so that the location of the building can be arranged properly. The method used in solving in the field by conducting a topographic measurement survey of the tool used is the Total Station (TS). The results of topographic measurements show that in the Islamic boarding school area with an area of ± 40,227.8 m² or 4,23 Ha the condition of the land is quite high with an elevation interval of 0 m – 6,534 m and there is an area of development of the Islamic boarding school covering an area of 8453.68 m² or 0,84 Ha, in almost flat soil conditions couded between 0 m – 1,887 m

Stability enhancement attempted in this study demonstrated that significant improvement in the stability of the α-amylase isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus was achieved by immobilizing the enzyme on a bentonite/chitosan hybrid matrix using the adsorption method. Centrifugation was used to isolate the α-amylase, which was then refined using (NH4)2SO4 salt precipitation and dialysis. The purity of the α-amylase improved 19.40 times when compared to that of the crude extract. The optimal temperature for free α-amylase is 50˚C, while the optimum temperature for α-amylase/bentonite/chitosan is 60˚C. The KM value of α-amylase/bentonite/chitosan was 1.69 ± 0.08 mg mL-1 substrate and the Vmax value was 52.32 ± 3.29 µmol mL-1 min-1, whereas for free α-amylase, the KM value of 2.56 ± 0.09 mg mL-1 substrate and the Vmax value of 3.78 ± 0.09 µmol mL-1 min-1 were obtained. The ΔGi value of free α-amylase is 102.68 ± 0.30 kJ mol-1 and the t½ is 21.23 ± 0.23 min, whereas the ΔGi value of α-amylase/bentonite/chitosan is 104.43 ± 0.00 kJ mol-1 and the t½ is 94.29 ± 0.91 min. The higher values of ΔGi and t½demonstrated that α-amylase/bentonite/chitosan has better stability than that of free α-amylase. Another important finding is that α-amylase /bentonite/chitosan was able to retain their activity as high as 47.61 ± 0.53% after six recycles, indicating that the enzyme has the potential to be used in industry. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-05-023 Full Text: PDF

Bismuth oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through the solution combustion method with a variation of fuel: oxidizer (hydrazine: bismuth nitrate) ratios (ϕ) of ϕ 1. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The FTIR spectra obtained implies that the bismuth oxide nanoparticles of the three ratios contain Bi-O-Bi and Bi-O groups indicating its successful formation. XRD diffractogram suggests that the synthesized bismuth oxide nanoparticles form the α-Bi2O3 crystalline phase for ϕ1; meanwhile a mixture of α-/β- Bi2O3 phases for ϕ=1. The SEM image illustrates that bismuth oxide nanoparticles form pebble shapes with the ratios in the order of increasing particle sizes of ϕ>1, ϕ=1, and ϕ1 have respective band gap energies of 2.76 eV, 2.72 eV, and 2.78 eV. The evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the three bismuth oxide samples shows bismuth oxide with ϕ=1 has the highest photocatalytic activity in remazol black B and methyl orange dyes with rate constants 6.744 x 10-5 s-1 and 7.369 x 10-5 s-1, respectively. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Livestock farming requires technological innovation to increase productivity and efficiency. Chickens are a livestock animal with good market prospects. However, not all farmers understand about chicken diseases and signs of sickness. Detection of chicken diseases can be done through various methods, one of which is by looking at the shape of the chicken's feces. Images in feces can be detected using machine learning. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used to speed up disease prediction. Transfer learning is used to leverage knowledge that has been learned by previous models. In this study, we propose our own CNN architecture model and present research by building a new model to detect and classify diseases in chickens through their feces. The model training process is carried out by inputting training data and validation data, the number of epochs, and the created checkpointer object. The hyperparameter tuning stage is carried out to increase the accuracy rate of the model. The research is conducted by testing datasets obtained from the Kaggle repository which has images of coccidiosis, salmonella, Newcastle, and healthy feces. The results of the study show that our proposed model only achieves an accuracy rate of 93%, while the best accuracy rate in the study is achieved by using the EfficientNerV2L model with the RMSProp optimizer, which is 97%.

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has advantages over rail-based systems as a public transportation system. The ease of implementation and low investment costs attract many cities to develop BRT systems, including Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Banjarmasin currently has eight BRT stop points that reach only two sub-districts out of five. The limited range of BRT stops within the city can affect the level of accessibility of the BRT system. The accessibility of the transit system itself can be seen from the number of daily passengers. This study aims to analyze the criteria that affect the level of accessibility of the BRT stops in the study area and then compile a model based on significant criteria. Previous literature on accessibility modeling shows varied methods and approaches. In this study, the system accessibility was measured using the composite method and modeled using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), which is a relatively new approach. The results show that seven criteria affect the level of accessibility of the BRT stops. The model was first built mathematically using OLS. Then, GWR analysis was accomplished on spatial variables, resulting in a higher significance model. Furthermore, the GWR produces a visual-spatial model and performs simulation and sensitivity tests to make the research purpose more informative. The spatial criteria for the accessibility of the BRT stop locations in the model include the distance of stops to the road intersection, mix-use entropy index, population density, and land value.

This research is based on the assumption that the government and the private sector are in control of the tourism industry which results in the position of the community being neglected and alienated. Therefore there is a need for efforts to empower local communities in managing and developing tourism potential in their area. The concept of Community based tourism is an alternative solution to restore the role and participation of the community in managing and developing this tourism sector. Based on this problem, the researcher tries to formulate research questions, namely; how is the management and development of community-based ecotourism destinations in West Sumatra? The objectives of this research include: 1) To describe and analyze how community-based ecotourism is managed and developed. 2) To describe the impact of community-based ecotourism management and development on the social, economic, and surrounding environment. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through field studies by collecting primary and secondary data. The data obtained will be reduced, presented and conclusions drawn which are the relationship between the existing theory and qualitative analysis which can provide an overview of the research problem. The results of the study explain that the management of ecotourism destinations in the research location is based on the community through tourism awareness groups formed by the community itself. The level of community participation is quite high both in planning, implementing, and evaluating management and development activities. As for the impact felt by the surrounding community, it is quite positive socially, economically and environmentally. In the future, there is a need to increase the capacity of tourism awareness groups as well as improve management and collaboration with other parties in improving suggestions and better ecotourism destinations.

Hiperglikemia merupakan suatu kondisi dimana kandungan gula dalam darah terindikasi berlebih. Jantung merupakan salah satu organ yang terdampak akibat kondisi tersebut. Senyawa flavonoid yang terkandung dalam daun kersen (Muntingia calabura) ini dapat menghambat pembentukan radikal bebas sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan untuk menurunkan kadar gula dalam darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun kersen dalam memperbaiki kerusakan sel otot jantung pada mencit (Mus musculus L.) setelah diinduksi aloksan dengan dosis 160mg/bb. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 kelompok perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Kelompok K- (tidak diberikan perlakuan), kelompok K+ (hanya diinduksi aloksan), kelompok P1 diinduksi aloksan dan diberi ekstrak etanol 96% daun kersen dosis 300 mg/bb/hari, kelompok P2 diinduksi aloksan dan diberi ekstrak etanol 96% daun kersen dosis 400 mg/bb/hari, dan kelompok P3 diinduksi aloksan dan diberi ekstrak etanol 96% daun kersen dosis 500 mg/bb/hari. Data skoring jantung dianalisis dengan uji statistik non-parametrik Kruskall-Wallis dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc Mann-Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan dari kelompok kontrol dan kelompok uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis pada perlakuan P1, P2, dan P3 secara signifikan mampu memperbaiki kerusakan dengan meningkatkan jumlah sel otot jantung normal pada mencit yang diinduksi aloksan. Perbaikan skoring jantung terbaik terdapat pada pemberian dosis 500 mg/bb/hari (P3) karena pada gambaran histopatologi jantung terjadi peningkatan sel otot jantung sebesar 35% jika dibandingan dengan kelompok K+ dengan hasil uji post hoc Mann-Whitney (p=0,008), sedangkan pada P1 dan P2 menunjukkan presentase tingkat perbaikan yang lebih rendah. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun kersen pada dosis 500 mg/bb/hari (P3) mampu memperbaiki tingkat kerusakan jantung mencit akibat dari tingginya kadar gula dalam darah.

The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the RKA review conducted by the West Pasaman District Inspectorate. In analyzing this research, the researcher used Permendagari Number 10 of 2018 concerning the Review of Development Planning Documents and the Annual Regional Budget, which is in the RKA review stage, where there is a Planning, Implementation and Reporting process. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Interview data collection techniques, documentation and observation. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validation uses source triangulation. The results of the study show that the Inspectorate of West Pasaman Regency has guided Permendagri No. 10 of 2018 in general in implementing the RKA review as one of the supports for obtaining Unqualified opinion (WTP) by West Pasaman Regency, because planning needs to be considered early in anticipation of the occurrence of budgetary waste that can be detrimental to the region. The problems found in the implementation of this RKA review were the preparation of the Review Work Program (PRK) carried out by team members, in addition to that the implementation of the RKA review was not in accordance with the time specified in the Assignment Letter (SPT), due to the lengthy submission of supporting documents review by SKPD. However, there are still advantages to be gained from carrying out the RKA review at the West Pasaman District Inspectorate such as the implementation of Self-Office Training (PKS) in budget savings and the existence of tiered reviews in the implementation and reporting stages.

This research departs from the impact of the COVID-19 virus on the world of education. Educational practitioners are forced to adapt to social restrictions. Online learning requires lecturers to master various kinds of online learning applications. The purpose of this study is to find a way out in the implementation of online learning through a combination of various online learning applications so that learning objectives can be achieved. The Kemmis and Taggart action research methods with the stages of planning, observe and act, and reflection are used by researchers as a step to improve learning that is more effective. Data was collected by means of focus group discussions, participatory observation, peer observation and self-assessment. The subjects in this study were 4th semester students of PGMI class A and B at IAIN Purwokerto. The findings in this study are (1) multi-application-based online learning planning is carried out in two cycles. The first cycle uses three learning applications, namely telegram group, google classroom and eclass. While the second cycle uses four applications, namely google meet, google classroom, telegram group and eclass. Each cycle carried out two lessons. The planning process is carried out by compiling technical guidelines for the use of each application in learning that is delivered to students. In addition to technical application use, online lectures based on multi-application technicalities are also prepared; (2) The first cycle found several weaknesses such as low student participation, lecture material could not be captured by students optimally, the dominance of the chat feature on the telegram group application reduced students' motivation to always be online, and three online learning applications still did not support interactive lectures. So that in the second cycle, lectures are carried out using four applications in an integrative way to increase the effectiveness of online learning. The effectiveness is shown in terms of ease, the functionality of the application in each learning activity and the achievement of learning objectives; and (3) The obstacle faced by students in the multi-application-based online learning process is the unstable internet network.

In this article, the potential use of banana bunch waste (BBW) as a source of bioenergy through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is investigated. BBW, a byproduct of banana production, is difficult to use as a fuel due to its low density and carbon ratio. However, its high lignocellulose content indicates its potential as a bioenergy source. To determine the optimal HTC conditions, an experiment was conducted using temperature, water to feedstock ratio, and processing time, with the RSM Box-Behnken method used to produce 15 trial formulations. Energy value and mass yield data were collected to determine the optimal values for both. The main parameter affecting energy yield was found to be the water to feedstock ratio, and the optimal conditions were determined to be a temperature of 180oC, a water to feedstock ratio of 1.5:1, and a processing time of 15 minutes. The highest energy yield of 99.7% was observed at these conditions, while the lowest mass yield of 25.30% was observed at a temperature of 200oC with a water ratio of 2 and a time of 15 minutes. The heating value of the HTC solid product ranges from 17-27 MJ/kg, which is comparable to low-grade sub-bituminous coal, indicating potential for co-firing with coal and other hydrothermal products as a fuel.

Polyvinyl Alcohol/Uncaria Gambir Extract (PVA/UG) composite provides good UV light protection and antibacterial, tensile, and thermal properties. To continue our previous research, the tribological properties of PVA, PVA/BA, PVA/UG, and PVA/UG with heat treatment (PVA/UGt) were conducted. The ball-on-disk test results show COF reduced by 42% in PVA/UG compared to PVA. It was proved that heating the PVA/UG significantly improves the tribological properties of the PVA composite, resulting lowest COF (0.08) and wear area (390 µm2). Additionally, incorporating UG also increases the hardness of the PVA composite by up to 73% and. These results corroborate the application of this composite as a potential green protective film.