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6. GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS BY SDS-PAGE AND SCORING MIXOGRAPH DOUGH OF ALGERIAN DURUM WHEAT (TRITICUM TURGIDUM L. VAR. DURUM)

Author

Boukhalfoun Leila, Kirouani Abderrezzak, Taghouti Mona, and Henkrar Fatima

Subjects
bread making, durum wheat, genetic diversity, gluten strength, scoring dough, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Durum wheat is used predominantly for pasta and couscous but the use of durum wheat for breads is also common in Mediterranean countries. High molecular weight (HMW-GS) and Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) play an important role in determining the bread quality of durum wheat. In this study we used twenty one local and introduced durum wheat varieties cultivated in Algeria, that were grown in the same environmental conditions. These cultivars were evaluated for their variability in several traits related to technological qualities. The present study showed the presence of significant differences within our genetic resources for several traits. Indeed, by SDS-PAGE, a low diversity was shown among genotypes used at Glu-A1 locus, confirming the dominance of (c) allele, however Glu-B1 present a high diversity with the superiority of (b) and (e) alleles. Based on mixing time (MT) and bandwidth at peak dough resistance (BWPDR) values, Mixograph test indicated a mean score of 6.5 suggesting a good bread making ability of Algerian durum wheat. In fact, Ofanto, Mexicali75, Vitron, Chen’s and Saoura held the top of the rank scoring a value of 8, followed by Hedba03, Simeto and Marzak (used as check) showing a score of 7.5. This is due to the presence in their flours a high gluten strength according to the test of SDS sedimentation. These results are very motivating to be used in local durum wheat improvement program.

Published
2021
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7. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Essential Oil Exhibits Distinct Insecticidal Activities Against Pea Leaf Weevil Adults on Faba Bean under Laboratory and Growth Chamber Conditions

Author

Fadil, Meryem El, primary, Fakhouri, Karim El, additional, Boulamtat, Rachid, additional, Henkrar, Fatima, additional, Ramdani, Chaimae, additional, Bargui, Khadija El, additional, Oubayoucef, Ali, additional, Drissi, Badreddine, additional, Taarji, Noamane, additional, Bouhssini, Mustapha El, additional, and Sobeh, Mansour, additional

Published
2023
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8. 4th Conference of Cereal Biotechnology and Breeding jointly organized by EUCARPIA Cereal Section November 6–9, 2017 • Budapest, Hungary : BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Author

Consortium INEW, PPP Barley Consortium, Börner, Andreas, Nagel, Manuela, Tarawneh, Rasha, Arif, Mian Abdur Rehman, Agacka-Mołdoch, Monika, Börner, Mariann, Lohwasser, Ulrike, Rieweach, David, Wieb, Janine, Altmann, Thomas, Góralska, Magdalena, Lenarczyk-Puri, Natalia, Podgórska, Katarzyna, Berdzik, Marcin, Stojałowski, Stefan, Myśków, Beata, Kiss, Tibor, Veisz, Ottó, Karsai, Ildikó, Martín, Antonio, Rasmussen, Søren K., Legzdina, Linda, Fan, Weiyao, Tikhenko, Natalia, Rutten, Twan, Senula, Angelika, Rubtsova, Myroslava, Keller, E. R. Joachim, Vitányi, Beáta, Nagy, Katalin, Fekete, Anna Katalin, Dudás, Brigitta, Lantos, Csaba, Pauk, János, Jenes, Barnabás, Yu, Bianyun, Zhang, Wentao, Gao, Peng, Sidebottom, Christine, Lokuruge, Prabhath, Polley, Brittany, Clarke, Carling, Sharpe, Andrew, Knox, Ron, Cuthbert, Richard, Ruan, Yuefeng, Pozniak, Curtis J., Fobert, Pierre, Dziurka, Kinga, Noga, Angelika, Marcińska, Izabela, Czyczyło-Mysza, Ilona, Warchoł, Marzena, Kapłoniak, Kamila, Warzecha, Tomasz, Sutkowska, Agnieszka, Werwińska, Krystyna, Nita, Zygmunt, Skrzypek, Edyta, Fradgley, Nick, Bentley, Alison, Gardner, Keith, Howell, Phil, Mackay, Ian, Scott, Mike, Mott, Richard, Cockram, James, Galani, Saddia, Sahar, Shagufta, Musharraf, Syed Ghulam, Azhar, Abid, Ferjaoui, Sahbi, Bouslimi, Chadha, Udupa, Sripada M., Hamza, Sonia, Mariana, Ittu, Ciuca, Matilda, Marinciu, Cristina, Cristina, Daniel, Turcu, Alina, Mandea, Vasile, Ittu, Gheorghe, Jabłoński, Bartosz, Onyśk, Agnieszka, Wyszyńska, Renata, Boczkowska, Maja, Przyborowski, Mateusz, Gasparis, Sebastian, Orczyk, Wacław, Nadolska-Orczyk, Anna, Bińkowski, Jan, Kubiś, Jakub, Pogorzelska, Katarzyna, Pellny, Till K, Bolibok-Brągoszewska, Hanna, Idziak-Helmcke, Dominika, Rojek, Magdalena, Hosiawa-Barańska, Marta, Tsai, Hsin-Yuan, Cericola, Fabio, Edriss, Vahid, Andersen, Jeppe, Orabi, Jihad, Jensen, Jens, Jahoor, Ahmed, Janss, Luc, Jensen, Just, Lawrenson, Tom, Hayta, Sadiye, Smedley, Mark, Hinchliffe, Alison, Harwood, Wendy, Gimenez, Guillermo G., Barakate, Abdellah, Russell, Joanne, Stephens, Jennifer, Lampugnani, Edwin R., Doblin, Monika S., Fincher, Geoffrey B., Burton, Rachel A., Waugh, Robbie, Tucker, Matthew, Houston, Kelly, Jouanin, Aurelie, Leigh, Fiona, Wallington, Emma, Schaart, Jan, Smulders, Marinus J.M., Kała, Maciej, Kim, Sung-Yong, Brueggeman, Robert, Åhman, Inger, Zhu, Li-Hua, Bouchet, Sophie, Lemarié, Stéphane, Fugeray-Scarbel, Aline, Auzanneau, Jérôme, Charmet, Gilles, Ali, Ahmad, Mastrangelo, Anna Maria, De Vita, Pasquale, Laido, Giovanni, Marone, Daniale, Arshad, Muhammad, Naqvi, S.M. Sawlan, Sher, Hassan, Rasheed, Awais, Kazi, Abdul Mujeeb, Oakey, Helena, Bayer, Micha, Macaulay, Malcolm, Byrt, Caitlin, Gilliham, Matthew, Salt, David E, István, Monostori, Fruzsina, Szira, Alessandro, Tondelli, Tamás, Árendás, Krisztián, Gierczik, Luigi, Cattivelli, Gábor, Galiba, Attila, Vágújfalvi, Bakuma, Alla, Chebotar, Galyna, Filimonov, Vadim, Kyrylyuk, Tetyana, Chebotar, Sabina, Kristensen, Peter Skov, Andersen, Jeppe Reitan, Guzmán, Carlos, Schurr, Ulrich, Pieruschka, Roland, Neumann, Kerstin, Zhao, Yusheng, Dhanagond, Sidram, Reif, Jochen C., Graner, Andreas, Raymaekers, Dries, Taylor, Mike, Åhman, Inger M., Crespo-Herrera, Leonardo A., Kobiljski, Borislav, Mladenović, Gojko, Jestrović, Zorica, Jancsó, Mihály, Ács, Katalin, Bóna, Lajos, Purgel, Szandra, Békés, Ferenc, Schwember, A.R., Matus, I., Sharma, Dew Kumari, Rosenqvist, Eva, Carl-Otto-Ottosen, Torp, Anna Maria, Andersen, Sven Bode, El-Haddoury, Jamal, Henkrar, Fatima, Grana, Zahra, Nyiraguhirwa, Solange, Gyawali, Sanjaya, Verma, Ramesh, Ouabbou, Hassan, Ibriz, Mohammed, Iraqi, Driss, Forgeois, Paul, Grausgruber, Heinrich, Cuendet, Catherine, Dell’Avo, Franca, Koppel, Reine, Weyermann, Verena, Mikó, Péter, Vida, Gyula, Rakszegi, Marianna, Lafferty, Julia, Lorentz, Bruno, Longin, Carl Friedrich Horst, Megyeri, Mária, Kaskarbayev, Zheksenbay, Zhloba, Ludmila, Kiyas, Aldabergen, Kunanbayev, Kairat, Churkina, Galina, Zueva, Nataliya, Cattivelli, Luigi, Guerra, Davide, Tondelli, Alessandro, Bustos-Korts, D., Rizza, Fulvia, Bretani, Gianluca, Ferrandi, Chiara, Lazzari, Barbara, Rossini, Laura, Ozkan, Hakan, Molnar-Lang, Marta, van Eeuwijk, Fred, Dawson, Ian K, Fricano, Agostino, Azad, Md. Abul Kalam, Kamruzzaman, Md., Yasmine, Fahmina, Islam, Mirza Mofazzal, Jankuloski, Ljupcho, Christopher, John (Jack), Anzooman, Monia, Menzies, Neal, Dalal, Ram, Dang, Yash, Novák, Aliz, Boldizsár, Ákos, Gierczik, Krisztián, Mohamed, Ahres, Ádám, Éva, Bognár, László Kozma, Vágújfalvi, Attila, Båga, Monica, Chibbar, Ravindra, Galiba, Gábor, Gottwald, Sven, Bhandari, Dhaka Ram, Wang, Qing, Li, Bin, Römpp, Andreas, Friedt, Wolfgang, Spengler, Bernhard, Jäger, Katalin, Sáfrán, Eszter, Fábián, Attila, Deák, Csilla, Papp, István, Barnabás, Beáta, Mesterhazy, Akos, Varga, Mónika, Bartók, Tibor, Lehoczki-Krjak, Szabolcs, Toth, Beata, Miloud, Hafsi, Pál, Magda, Szalai, Gabriella, Janda, Tibor, Molnár, István, Lovegrove, Alison, Darkó, Éva, Farkas, András, Láng, László, Bedő, Zoltán, Doležel, Jaroslav, Molnár-Láng, Márta, Shewry, Peter, Tiryakioğlu, Murat, Sakallı, Abdulla, Alloudane, Rajae, El Mourabit, Nourdin, Barrijal, Said, Bengtsson, Therése, Manninen, Outi, Bulatova, Kulpash, Mazkirat, Shynar, Babissekova, Dilyara, Aytimbetova, Klara, Goncharova, Anastasiya, Lavrinenko, Yuriy, Bazaliy, Galyna, Cope, Jonathan, Norton, Gareth, George, Timothy, Newton, Adrian, Császár, Orsolya, Lajos, Károly, Szalai, Márk, Dziurka, Michał, Dashkevich, Svetlana, Utebayev, Maral, Chilimova, Irina, Babkenov, Adilchan, Akhmetova, Galiya, Chaimae, Senhaji, Khadija, Ahansal, Rabha, Abdelwahd, Allal, Douira, Driss, Iraqi, Gracz, Joanna, Karłowski, Wojciech, Kuczyński, Jakub, Tyczewska, Agata, Haberle, Jan, Svoboda, Pavel, Neumannová, Adéla, Kurešová, Gabriela, Raimanová, Ivana, Holková, Ludmila, Solařová, Eva, Bradáčová, Marta, Smutná, Pavlína, Horčička, P., Pospíšilová, V., Veškrna, O., Bížova, I., Chrpova, J., Sumíková, T., Ittu, Mariana, Marinciu, Cristina Mihaela, Voica, Maria, Banateanu, Cecilia, Mayer, Marianna, Karsai, Idikó, Mirosavljević, Milan, Momčilović, Vojislava, Mikić, Sanja, Trkulja, Dragana, Denčić, Srbislav, Jocković, Bojan, Aćin, Vladimir, Pržulj, Novo, Nakhoda, Babak, Mohammadi-Nejad, Ghasem, Mardi, Mohsen, Amini, Ashkboos, Tabatabaei, Mohammad-Taghi, Parsayev, Evgeniy, Filippova, Nadezhda, Permana, Hadian, Ishii, Kazuo, Murata, Kazumasa, Yamada, Tetsuya, Kanekatsu, Motoki, Prokesova, Lenka, Smutna, Pavlina, Holkova, Ludmila, Rukavitsina, Irina, Suleimenov, Mechlis, Yerpasheva, Dana, Shtefan, Galina, Ivanova, Galina, Ferderer, Ella, Kalapos, Balázs, Ahres, Mohamed, Székely, András, Gulyás, Zsolt, Kovács, Kristóf, Jones, Huw D, Dalmay, Tamás, Soltész, Alexandra, Trávníčková, Martina, Chrpová, Jana, Martinek, Petr, Hnilička, František, Żywicki, Marek, Twardowski, Tomasz, Végh, Balázs, Marček, Tihana, Wiśniewska, Halina, Kwiatek, Michał, Majka, Maciej, Gawłowska, Magdalena, Korbas, Marek, Danielewicz, Jakub, Belter, Jolanta, Bilgrami, Sayedeh Saba, Sichani, Jalal Sabouri, Zandi, Peiman, Zhunusbayeva, Zhazira, Omirbekova, Nargul, Zhussupova, Aizhan, Mursalieva, Valentina, Nam, Svetlana, Żur, Iwona, Surówka, Ewa, Dubas, Ewa, Nowicka, Anna, Krzewska, Monika, Hura, Tomasz, Rapacz, Marcin, Wójcik-Jagła, Magdalena, Ostrowska, Agnieszka, Malaga, Sabina, Janowiak, Franciszek, Pellny, Till, Patil, Archana, Freeman, Jackie, Plummer, Amy, Hess, Linde, Phillips, Andy, Berry, Simon, Mitchell, Rowan, Larkin, Philip, Tanner, Gregory, Colgrave, Michelle, Blundell, Malcolm, Howitt, Crispin, Morita, Naofumi, Van Hung, Pham, Cegiełko, Małgorzata, Kiecana, Irena, Mielniczuk, Elżbieta, Pastucha, Alina, Perkowski, Juliusz, Áy, Zoltán, Czirle, Csaba, Palágyi, András, Mihály, Róbert, Vermeulen, Philippe, Suman, Michele, Pierna, Juan Antonio Fernández, and Baeten, Vincent

Published
2017

10. Exploring new biodiversity hotspots in Tuber aestivum natural distribution

Author

Belfiori, Beatrice, Riccioni, Claudia, Gómez-Molina, Eva, Sánchez, Sergio, Gallo, Luigi, García-Barreda, Sergi, Henkrar, Fatima, Khabar, Lahsen, Marjanović, Žaklina, Rubini, Andrea, Belfiori, Beatrice, Riccioni, Claudia, Gómez-Molina, Eva, Sánchez, Sergio, Gallo, Luigi, García-Barreda, Sergi, Henkrar, Fatima, Khabar, Lahsen, Marjanović, Žaklina, and Rubini, Andrea

Abstract

Tuber aestivum is associated with a wide range of tree species and is the most widespread edible truffle. Its capability of colonizing many different areas along with a long reaping period, increased in the last decades scientific studies and commercial interest. A number of large- and fine-scale population genetics studies have been conducted to explore its genetic diversity and genetic structure. Recent investigations based on ITS sequence analyses revealed a strong phylogenetic pattern and a higher level of genetic diversity in Turkish and southern European populations than in northern European populations, suggesting that Turkey and southern Europe may have acted as glacial refugia for this species. Despite these findings, the southernmost distributional range of the species is not yet fully explored. With the aim of evaluating other potential diversity hotspots in this study we expand previous investigation, extending the sampling to other southernmost natural T. aestivum areas, such as Moroccan mountainous regions (Middle Atlas), Serbia and several Spanish regions. The ongoing analyses based on haplotypes alignment of the ITS region of the rDNA, reveal as preliminary result a pronounced genetic variability among Moroccan T. aestivum populations, suggesting a possible phylogeographic differentiation also in these new areas of investigation. Additional analyses are underway to better trace natural populations of T. aestivum according to their geographic origin. These aims could be critical both for truffle industry interest in selecting well-adapted inoculum for the production of mycorrhizal seedlings or traceability of truffles provenance, and for the establishment of programs devoted to biodiversity conservation.

Published
2023

11. Lavandula angustifoliaMill. Essential Oil Exhibits Distinct Insecticidal Activities Against Pea Leaf Weevil Adults on Faba Bean under Laboratory and Growth Chamber Conditions

Author

Fadil, Meryem El, Fakhouri, Karim El, Boulamtat, Rachid, Henkrar, Fatima, Ramdani, Chaimae, Bargui, Khadija El, Oubayoucef, Ali, Drissi, Badreddine, Taarji, Noamane, Bouhssini, Mustapha El, and Sobeh, Mansour

Abstract

The pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatusL. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, PLW), is a significant insect pest of pea (Pisum sativumL.) and faba bean (Vicia fabaL.), and it is responsible for serious economic damages. The current study aims to investigate the insecticidal activities of seven essential oil species on S. lineatusadults in the laboratory as well as the most effective ones under growth chamber conditions. Out of the tested essential oils, Lavandula angustifoliaMill. and Mentha arvensisL. oils showed substantial insecticidal activity against S. lineatusadults (100%) by contact activity at a concentration of 1.5% after 1 and 3 h of application, respectively, with an estimated LC50of 0.224 and 0.320% at 72 h after treatment, respectively. L. angustifoliaessential oil also resulted in a significant mortality rate of 70% by ingestion activity, with an LC50of 1.340% at 48 h after application under laboratory condition. The growth chamber bioassays confirmed these significant effects, displaying a mortality rate of 70% at 96 h after application at 1.5%. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that linalool acetate (32.91%) and linalool (26.69%) dominated the L. angustifoliaessential oil composition. These findings highlighted that L. angustifoliaessential oils are promising agents for the development of biopesticide formulation for the control of S. lineatus, as a safe and ecofriendly alternative compared to chemical insecticides.

Published
2023
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21. Understanding photothermal interactions will help expand production range and increase genetic diversity of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Author

Genome Canada, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, University of Saskatchewan, Western Grains Research Foundation, Ministry of Agriculture (Government of Saskatchewan, Canada), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, CSIC - Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Department of Agriculture (US), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Wright, Derek M., Neupane, Sandesh, Heidecker, Taryn, Haile, Teketel A., Chan, Crystal, Coyne, Clarice J., McGee, Rebecca, Udupa, Sripada, Henkrar, Fatima, Barilli, Eleonora, Rubiales, Diego, Gioia, Tania, Logozzo, Giuseppina, Marzario, Stefania, Mehra, Reena, Sarker, Ashutosh, Dhakal, Rajeev, Anwar, Babul, Sarkar, Debashish, Vandenberg, Albert, Bett, Kirstin E., Genome Canada, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, University of Saskatchewan, Western Grains Research Foundation, Ministry of Agriculture (Government of Saskatchewan, Canada), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, CSIC - Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Department of Agriculture (US), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Wright, Derek M., Neupane, Sandesh, Heidecker, Taryn, Haile, Teketel A., Chan, Crystal, Coyne, Clarice J., McGee, Rebecca, Udupa, Sripada, Henkrar, Fatima, Barilli, Eleonora, Rubiales, Diego, Gioia, Tania, Logozzo, Giuseppina, Marzario, Stefania, Mehra, Reena, Sarker, Ashutosh, Dhakal, Rajeev, Anwar, Babul, Sarkar, Debashish, Vandenberg, Albert, and Bett, Kirstin E.

Abstract

Lentil is a staple in many diets around the world and growing in popularity as a quick-cooking, nutritious, plant-based source of protein in the human diet. Lentil varieties are usually grown close to where they were bred. Future climate change scenarios will result in increased temperatures and shifts in lentil crop production areas, necessitating expanded breeding efforts. We show how we can use a daylength and temperature model to identify varieties most likely to succeed in these new environments, expand genetic diversity, and give plant breeders additional knowledge and tools to help mitigate these changes for lentil producers.

Published
2021

22. Marker assisted selection in plant breeding

Author

HENKRAR, Fatima, UDUPA, Sripada, HENKRAR, Fatima, and UDUPA, Sripada

Abstract

Marker assisted selection (MAS) is ‘smart breeding’ or fast track plant breeding technology. It is one tool utilized in breeding companies and research institutes for fast development of improved varieties, giving possibility to select desirable traits more directly using DNA markers. In this review, we discussed the use of MAS in biotic, abiotic, quality and other agronomic traits. Besides, we emphasized the importance of MAS at ICARDA and underlined the successful application of MAS in the last 10 years. The use of molecular markers makes the process of selecting parental lines more efficient based on genetic diversity analysis. It can aid the conventional breeding, especially for certain biotic and abiotic traits laborious to manage. Still, MAS contributed very little to the release of improved cultivars with greater tolerance to abiotic stresses, with only a few exceptions. MAS was extensively used to improve rice varieties, mainly resistant to bacterial blight and blast disease and was applied in drought tolerance along with GPC (Grain protein content) in quality traits. MAS at ICARDA is used to characterize new parental materials for disease resistance genes as well as in screening advanced lines with a focus on association mapping and identification of new QTLs. The application of MAS increased in the last decade. It is more and more used in different crops. However, rice is still the dominant crop in terms of number of publications using MAS. Keywords: marker assisted selection, plant, biotic stress, abiotic stress, quality, ICARDA

Published
2020

23. Understanding photothermal interactions will help expand production range and increase genetic diversity of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Author

Wright, Derek M., primary, Neupane, Sandesh, additional, Heidecker, Taryn, additional, Haile, Teketel A., additional, Chan, Crystal, additional, Coyne, Clarice J., additional, McGee, Rebecca J., additional, Udupa, Sripada, additional, Henkrar, Fatima, additional, Barilli, Eleonora, additional, Rubiales, Diego, additional, Gioia, Tania, additional, Logozzo, Giuseppina, additional, Marzario, Stefania, additional, Mehra, Reena, additional, Sarker, Ashutosh, additional, Dhakal, Rajeev, additional, Anwar, Babul, additional, Sarkar, Debashish, additional, Vandenberg, Albert, additional, and Bett, Kirstin E., additional

Published
2020
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24. Understanding photothermal interactions will help expand production range and increase genetic diversity of lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.)

Author

Wright, Derek M., primary, Neupane, Sandesh, additional, Heidecker, Taryn, additional, Haile, Teketel A., additional, Coyne, Clarice J., additional, McGee, Rebecca J., additional, Udupa, Sripada, additional, Henkrar, Fatima, additional, Barilli, Eleonora, additional, Rubiales, Diego, additional, Gioia, Tania, additional, Logozzo, Giuseppina, additional, Marzario, Stefania, additional, Mehra, Reena, additional, Sarker, Ashutosh, additional, Dhakal, Rajeev, additional, Anwar, Babul, additional, Sarkar, Debashish, additional, Vandenberg, Albert, additional, and Bett, Kirstin E., additional

Published
2020
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25. Understanding photothermal interactions will help expand production range and increase genetic diversity of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.).

Author

Wright, Derek M., Neupane, Sandesh, Heidecker, Taryn, Haile, Teketel A., Chan, Crystal, Coyne, Clarice J., McGee, Rebecca J., Udupa, Sripada, Henkrar, Fatima, Barilli, Eleonora, Rubiales, Diego, Gioia, Tania, Logozzo, Giuseppina, Marzario, Stefania, Mehra, Reena, Sarker, Ashutosh, Dhakal, Rajeev, Anwar, Babul, Sarkar, Debashish, and Vandenberg, Albert

Subjects
LENTILS, PHOTOPERIODISM, CLIMATE change, GENOTYPES, PHENOLOGY
Abstract

Societal Impact Statement: Lentil is a staple in many diets around the world and growing in popularity as a quick‐cooking, nutritious, plant‐based source of protein in the human diet. Lentil varieties are usually grown close to where they were bred. Future climate change scenarios will result in increased temperatures and shifts in lentil crop production areas, necessitating expanded breeding efforts. We show how we can use a daylength and temperature model to identify varieties most likely to succeed in these new environments, expand genetic diversity, and give plant breeders additional knowledge and tools to help mitigate these changes for lentil producers. Summary Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is cultivated under a wide range of environmental conditions, which has led to diverse phenological adaptations and resulted in a decrease in genetic variability within breeding programs due to reluctance in using genotypes from other environments.We phenotyped 324 genotypes across nine locations over three years to assess their phenological response to the environment of major lentil production regions and to predict days from sowing to flowering (DTF) using a photothermal model.DTF was highly influenced by the environment and is sufficient to explain adaptation. We were able to predict DTF reliably in most environments using a simple photothermal model, however, in certain site‐years, results suggest there may be additional environmental factors at play. Hierarchical clustering of principal components revealed the presence of eight groups based on the responses of DTF to contrasting environments. These groups are associated with the coefficients of the photothermal model and revealed differences in temperature and photoperiod sensitivity.Future climate change scenarios will result in increased temperature and/or shifts in production areas. The ability to use the photothermal model to identify genotypes most likely to succeed in these new environments has important social impacts with respect to traditional cropping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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27. Improvement of haploid and doubled haploid plants using wheat anther culture

Author

HENKRAR, Fatima, UDUPA, Sripada M., IRAQI, Driss, BENDAOU, Najib, HENKRAR, Fatima, UDUPA, Sripada M., IRAQI, Driss, and BENDAOU, Najib

Abstract

La production des plantes haploïdes et haploïdes doublés, fournit aux sélectionneurs du blé un moyen très efficace pour accélérer la production des lignées homozygotes. La culture des anthères est un parmi les processus d’induction et de régénération des haploïdes et des haploïdes doublés à partir des gamètes mâles. Son haut potentiel de production des plantes haploïdes et son applicabilité chez nombreuses espèces rendent cette technique remarquablement utilisable dans l’amélioration des plantes et l’exploitation commerciales des haploïdes doublés. De ce fait, l’objectif de cette revue est de discuter les publications les plus récentes sur l’amélioration de la culture des anthères de blé et les comparer aux résultats plus ou moins anciens. Ces publications seront d’une grande utilité dans l’amélioration du rendement des plantes haploïdes et haploïdes doublés et ils vont contribuer à faciliter les prochains travaux sur la culture des anthères. Mots clés: Blé, culture des anthères, haploïdes, haploïdes doublés, amélioration génétique., The production of haploids and double haploids, are widely used techniques in advanced breeding programs to speed-up the production of homozygote lines. Anther culture is one of the processes of induction and regeneration of haploids and double haploids from male gametic cells. Due to its high effectiveness and applicability in numerous plant species, it has outstanding potential for plant breeding and commercial exploitation of double haploids. Therefore, the objective of this revue is to discuss recent publications on improvement of wheat anther culture and compare it with older literature. Those publications will be of great utility in yield improvement of haploid and double haploid plants and will contribute for future research on anthers culture. Keywords: Wheat, anther culture, haploids, doubled haploids, genetic improvement.

Published
2017

29. Integration of molecular markers and doubled haploids in wheat and barley breeding: A case study from Morocco.

Author

Udupa, Sripada M., El-Haddoury, Jamal, Henkrar, Fatima, Grana, Zahra, Nyiraguhirwa, Solange, Gyawali, Sanjaya, Verma, Ramesh, Ouabbou, Hassan, Ibriz, Mohammed, Iraqi, Driss, and Forgeois, Paul

Subjects
WHEAT breeding, BARLEY breeding, WHEAT genetics
Abstract

Wheat and barley are the most important cereal crops in Morocco and in North Africa. Their production is constrained by several biotic and abiotic stresses. Climate change has further aggravated these problems. Since the landraces, old and newer varieties are reservoirs of variability and adaptive traits required for breeding for resistances to stresses and adaptation of climate change, we screened 400 bread wheat and 295 durum wheat accessions at Sidi El Aidi (Morocco) during 2015--16 and identified 4 lines (Kharouba, 2837, CWI77963 and CWI9941) highly resistant and 290 resistant/moderately resistant to yellow rust respectively. Similarly, Screening of 452 accessions of barley in the same location resulted in the identification of 116 moderately resistant accessions to net blotch disease. Some of the identified resistance sources are being used to make genetic crosses for studying genetics of resistance, developing improved cultivars and to increase cultivar diversity in the country which can enhance 'life of the resistant cultivars' and adaptation to climate change. As a first step and baseline information, we evaluated phenotypic and genotypic diversity of a set of 20 improved bread wheat cultivars released in Morocco since 1980s. The results revealed that many of the wheat cultivars were susceptible to prevailing biotypes of the Hessian fly and yellow rust. The genotyping of the 20 Moroccan wheat cultivars using 14 microsatellite markers revealed 59 alleles (Mean = 4.21), substantial genetic diversity (Range = 0 to 0.895, Mean = 0.576) and genetic distance (0.143 to 1.00). However, total number of alleles decreased (8.3%) in the cultivars developed during recent period (1990s) compared to that of 1980s. In order to enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, end-use quality and allelic diversity of wheat cultivars in Morocco, 8 exotic wheat cultivars having various useful known genes were deployed and being used to make crosses with Moroccan cultivars. Further, these Moroccan cultivars and the exotic cultivars were characterized using 47 gene specific or functional markers and 7 linked random DNA markers associated with 21 loci of the most important traits for wheat breeding. The functional marker analysis revealed that 35 and 45% of the Moroccan cultivars, respectively have the rust resistance genes (Lr34/Yr18/ Pm38) and dwaring genes (Rht1b or Rht2b allele). The desired marker alleles for genes Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, Sr24 and Yr36 were present only in the exotic cultivars and absent in Moroccan cultivars. 25% of cultivars had 1BL.1RS translocation. 70% of the wheat cultivars had Ppo-D1a and Ppo-A1b associated with low polyphenol oxidase activity. 10% of cultivars showed presence of a random DNA marker allele (175 bp) linked to Hessian fly resistance gene H22. Integration of molecular markers within traditional breeding systems had enabled to select superior genotypes for traits that are difficult to select based solely on phenotype or to pyramid desirable combinations of genes into a single genetic background. The targeted crosses were made and subsequent generations were carried forward through traditional breeding systems and also in some cases through doubled haploids (DH) to speed up development of homozygous plants. Though marker-assisted breeding (MAB) can be applied to all segregating generations, we most commonly applied to early generations, including haploids, F2, BC1F1, BC1F2 and the F1 of complex crosses to enrich populations with favourable genes and their combinations. MAB also offered the opportunity to hasten transfer of desirable alleles from un-adapted exotic genetic backgrounds into a desirable germplasm through crossbreeding. Marker-linked loci responsible for traits such as resistance to diseases, quality and phenology were selected in the segregating populations and the desired genotypes were carried forward until they reach nearly homozygous. Once, the selected genotypes reach F6 or later generations, they were validated for the selected traits under field conditions. Only lines expressing desired phenotypes were selected for seed increase and subsequent preliminary yield trials and multilocation trials. In conclusion, application of MAB and DH technologies greatly enhanced efficiency and effectiveness of utilization of the germplasm and enhanced genetic gains in the breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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