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Aim Zooplankton functional groups play an important role in lake functioning and can readily respond to environmental changes and may be associated with phytoplankton changes. In warmer regions, zooplankton species have a smaller body size, which decreases their grazing capacity, attenuating top-down control throughout phytoplankton. We evaluated changes in density and biomass of zooplankton functional groups and their relationship with algal groups in horizontal reservoir zonation (pelagic, sublittoral, and eulittoral zones) of the shallow reservoir. We hypothesize that the density and biomass of zooplankton functional groups are associated with fluctuations in the phytoplankton groups in horizontal reservoir zonation. Methods Changes in the structure of the zooplankton functional group and the controlling limnological variables were verified at three sampling stations: pelagic, sublittoral, and eulittoral zones in a mesotrophic reservoir. Results Zooplankton species were distributed in seven functional groups. The density and biomass of zooplankton functional groups were not clearly associated with biomass variations of phytoplankton groups. However, the zooplankton functional groups were associated with horizontal reservoir zonation, where specific groups were found in the pelagic, sublittoral, and eulittoral zones. Conclusions The zooplankton functional groups were related to the horizontal zonation of the reservoir but were not associated with changes in the phytoplankton groups due to the dominance of small organisms. Resumo: Objetivo Os grupos funcionais do zooplâncton desempenham um papel importante no funcionamento dos lagos, são capazes de responder prontamente às mudanças ambientais e podem estar associados às mudanças no fitoplâncton. Em regiões mais quentes, as espécies de zooplâncton apresentam pequeno tamanho corporal, o que diminui sua capacidade de pastejo e atenua o controle de cima para baixo sobre o fitoplâncton. Avaliamos as mudanças na densidade e biomassa de grupos funcionais do zooplâncton e sua relação com grupos de algas na zonação horizontal de um reservatório raso (zona pelágica, sublitoral e eulitoral). Nossa hipótese é que a densidade e biomassa dos grupos funcionais do zooplâncton estão associadas a flutuações nos grupos do fitoplâncton no zoneamento horizontal do reservatório. Métodos Em um reservatório mesotrófico, as alterações na estrutura do grupo funcional do zooplâncton e nas variáveis limnológicas foram avaliadas em três zonas de amostragem: pelágica, sublitoral e eulitoral. Resultados As espécies de zooplâncton foram distribuídas em sete grupos funcionais. Evidenciou-se que a densidade e a biomassa dos grupos funcionais do zooplâncton não foram claramente associadas às variações da biomassa dos grupos do fitoplâncton. No entanto, os grupos funcionais do zooplâncton foram associados à zonação horizontal do reservatório, onde grupos específicos foram encontrados na zona pelágica, sublitoral e eulitoral. Conclusões Os grupos funcionais do zooplâncton foram relacionados com a zonação horizontal do reservatório, mas não foram associados às mudanças nos grupos do fitoplâncton devido à dominância de organismos de pequeno porte.

Aim Fish diversity in two lentic environments: a lake connected (Barbosa lake) to a river and an artificial reservoir (Ninfeias reservoir) were determined in the dry and rainy periods in 2015. We expected to find more diversity in the connected lake and greater abundance in the reservoir. Methods Specimens were caught using gill nets. Moreover, environmental parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen and water transparency were measured during the two periods. Results 546 specimens were collected from 9 families, 12 genera and 15 species of the orders Characiformes, Siluriformes, Cichliformes and Gymnotiformes. Pimelodus maculatus was the most abundant species in the connected lake. Two species were caught from the reservoir: Geophagus brasiliensis and Hoplias malabaricus, the former being predominant. The dominant species in the studied environments corresponded to 48.71% of the total number of specimens. The ichthyofaunal composition from the lake showed a high richness of the order Characiformes (66.7%). Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes represented 13.3% each and the order Cichliformes only 6.7% of the total number of species. In the artificial reservoir, there was an equivalent contribution of Cichliformes and Characiformes. The diversity was higher in the lake (H' = 2.05) and lower in the reservoir (H' = 0.34). Significant differences (p

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:13:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:31:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2179-975X2017000100601.pdf: 6294248 bytes, checksum: 25d387b805c714cd981588c76c07179f (MD5) Non-native species of zooplankton have been introduced in Brazilian continental aquatic environments for a variety of reasons (e.g., non-native fish stocking, aquaculture), but many pathways of zooplankton introductions remain unknown. Recently, the governor of the State of Amazonas passed Law No. 79/2016, which allows for aquaculture operations using non-native fish in that state. This change in policy will likely result in the species introduction or propagule pressure of non-native zooplankton such as: Mesocyclops ogunnus Onabamiro, 1957; Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908); Daphnia lumholtzi Sars, 1885; Lernaea cyprinacea (Linnaeus, 1758); Lamproglena monodi Capart, 1944. Of further concern is federal law No. 5989/09, which proposes the use of non-native fish in Brazilian aquaculture nationwide. We believe that both laws will intensify the introduction of non-native zooplankton. Once established in aquatic environments, non-native species of zooplankton could result in negative impacts (e.g., a loss of ecosystem services, food web alterations). Therefore, Brazilian authorities should incentivize the use of local native species rather than pass laws that threaten the environment. Department of Zoology Institute of Biosciences Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, “Campus” of Botucatu, CP 510 Department of Zoology Institute of Biosciences Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, “Campus” of Botucatu, CP 510

Numerous factors may affect the pattern of distribution of benthic fauna in a river mouth region and, among the macroinvertebrates, Chironomidae and Oligochaeta are the most abundant groups and most tolerant to environmental changes. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the controlling factors of and a possible similarity between Chironomidae and Oligochaeta assemblies at two close sites, the mouth of the Guareí River into the Paranapanema River (São Paulo, Brazil) and its lateral fluvial area. Methods Fauna samples were collected every three months during one year. Water physical and chemical variables and sediment variables were also determined in the same period. Results Both assemblies presented low density variability over time in the lateral area due to sediment characteristics and environmental factors. Taxa Caladomyia, Parachironomus, Pristina sp., Pristina osborni, Bothrioneurum and Opistocysta funiculus were recorded at this site. The Guareí River presented both greater temporal and spatial variations, attributed mainly to a reduction in the water level. Greater organism abundance, especially of Chironomus and Tubificinae, was observed in the river. Conclusions Dissimilarity in temporal and spatial distributions of Chironomidae and Oligochaeta was attributed to peculiar characteristics of the two study sites, a river channel and a lateral area. Reduction in the water level over the year was the main controlling factor of Chironomidae and Oligochaeta richness and density in the river. In the lateral area, the presence and abundance of certain taxa were determined by the nature of the sediment and water physical and chemical variables. Resumo Diversos fatores podem afetar o padrão de distribuição da fauna bentônica em regiões de desembocadura de rios e, entre os macroinvertebrados, Chironomidae e Oligochaeta são os grupos mais abundantes e tolerantes às alterações ambientais. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possível similaridade e os fatores controladores entre as assembleias de Chironomidae e Oligochaeta em dois locais próximos, a zona de desembocadura do rio Guareí no rio Paranapanema (SP, Brasil) e sua área fluvial lateral. Métodos As amostras de fauna foram coletadas a cada três meses durante um ano. As variáveis físico-químicas da água e sedimento também foram determinadas no mesmo período. Resultados Ambas as assembleias apresentaram baixa variabilidade temporal nas densidades na área lateral devido às características do sedimento e dos fatores ambientais. Caladomyia, Parachironomus, Pristina sp., Pristina osborni, Bothrioneurum e Opistocysta funiculus foram registradas neste local. O rio Guareí apresentou maiores variações temporais e espaciais atribuídas principalmente a uma redução no nível da água. Elevada abundância de organismos, especialmente de Chironomus e Tubificinae, foram observadas no rio. Conclusões A dissimilaridade na distribuição temporal e espacial de Chironomidae e Oligochaeta foi atribuída às características peculiares dos dois locais de estudo, o canal do rio e a área lateral. A redução do nível de água ao longo do ano foi o principal fator controlador da riqueza e densidade de Chironomidae e Oligochaeta no rio. Na área lateral, a presença e a abundância de determinados taxa foram atribuídas à natureza do sedimento e às variáveis físicas e químicas da água.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar comparativamente a riqueza e a densidade de larvas de Odonata em quatro ambientes distintos: lótico com grande carga de contaminantes, lótico com pouca carga de contaminantes, lêntico desconectado do rio e lêntico conectado ao rio, assim como caracterizar os quatro ambientes quanto às características físicas e químicas da água. Identificamos um total de 1.302 larvas de Odonata nos quatro ambientes. As variáveis ambientais medidas foram: oxigênio dissolvido, pH, condutividade, sólidos em suspensão, temperaturas do ar e da água, precipitação, profundidade e biomassa das macrófitas. Os ambientes lênticos mostraram uma maior densidade de larvas de Odonata em relação aos lóticos, exceto no mês de abril e dezembro de 2006. O rio Guareí mostrou uma alta condutividade devido à grande quantidade de contaminantes que recebe, no entanto, no período de junho a setembro de 2006, apresentou uma maior densidade de larvas de Odonata em comparação ao rio Paranapanema. A temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido na superfície da água foram, respectivamente, maiores e menores nos lagos em comparação aos rios. Apesar da densidade de larvas de Odonata ter sido maior nos ecossistemas lênticos em relação aos lóticos, a riqueza não se alterou durante o período estudado. Além disso, a composição de gêneros foi distinta, mostrando que alguns táxons apresentam certa preferência por determinados tipos de ecossistemas como Calopterygidae e Neogomphus os quais foram amostrados exclusivamente no rio Paranapanema.Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the richness and density of Odonata larvae in four distinct environments: lotic with large pollutant loads, lotic with small pollutant loads, lentic disconnected from a river and lentic connected to a river, as well as to record the physical and chemical parameters of the water in the four environments. We identified a total of 1,302 Odonata larvae in the four habitats. The environmental variables measured were: dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, suspended matter, air and water temperature, precipitation, depth, and the biomass of the macrophytes. The lentic habitats exhibited a greater Odonata larvae density in relation to the lotic habitats, except during April and December of 2006. The Guareí River, however, presented an elevated conductivity, possibly because of a greater quantity of pollutants it received during the period between June and September of 2006, and it showed a higher density of Odonata larvae in comparison to the Paranapanema River. The temperature and the dissolved oxygen on the water surface were, respectively, greater and smaller in the lakes in comparison to the rivers. In spite of the Odonata density being higher in the lentic ecosystems in comparison to the lotic, the richness was not altered during the period studied. Nevertheless, the genera composition was distinct, showing that some taxa show a certain preference for certain types of ecosystems like Calopterygidae and Neogomphus, which were shown exclusively in the Paranapanema River.

Floods increase the similarity of the abiotic water characteristics of the rivers with those of the surrounding floodplains and are the main factors that influence the ecosystem dynamics. The aim of this paper was to examine the alterations in abiotic characteristics of the Paranapanema River and three lateral lagoons with different degrees of connectivity to the river during the flood period. Samplings were performed twice a week during a three-month period. Water quality in the Camargo and Coqueiral lagoons, connected to the Paranapanema River, presented patterns of variation similar to those of the lotic ecosystem, evidenced by the principal component analysis. In Cavalos Lagoon, changes in water quality were observed in all the environments, such as a function of dilution after the water level increased and greater nutrients resulting from littoral plant decomposition after submersion. In conclusion, the marginal lagoons and river were influenced by two anthropogenic actions: water storage in a dam reservoir, which acted like a buffer against hydrological pulses, and the widening of the channel uniting Camargo Lagoon with the river, changing the connectivity level and causing an ever-greater similarity of the lagoon with the lotic system. Las inundaciones asemejan las características abióticas del agua de los ríos a la de los entornos de planicies aluviales y son los principales factores que influyen en la dinámica del ecosistema. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las alteraciones en las características abióticas del río Paranapanema y de tres lagunas laterales con distintos niveles de conectividad al río durante el período de inundación. Los muestreos se realizaron dos veces por semana durante un período de tres meses. La calidad del agua en las lagunas Camargo y Coqueiral, conectadas al río Paranapanema, presentó patrones de variación similar a aquellos del ecosistema lótico, demostrado por medio de análisis de componentes principales. En la laguna de Cavalos se observaron cambios en la calidad del agua de todos los ambientes, tales como una función de dilución después del aumento del nivel de agua y del incremento de nutrientes como resultado de la descomposición de las plantas litorales después de la inmersión. En conclusión, las lagunas marginales y el río fueron influenciados por dos acciones antropogénicas: el almacenamiento de agua en la presa, que actúa como un sistema de amortiguación de pulsos hidrológicos y la ampliación del canal de la asociación de la laguna Camargo con el río, cambiando el nivel de conectividad, y causando una similitud cada vez mayor de la laguna con el sistema lóticos.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T00:50:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 A descriptive analysis of the responses of plankton from lakes lateral to a river in its mouth zone into a tropical reservoir to water level variations is presented. Three situations were reported: 1) a comparison of species richness and diversity and of algae population abundance in prolonged drought and in periods of connection of lakes to the river, 2) the spatial distribution of abundance and richness of Rotifera species in four isolated water bodies formed by fragmentation of a lateral lake during a period of prolonged drought and in the same areas during a period of integrity as an ecosystem, 3) the variability of total zooplankton and Cladocera densities at the end of the isolation period of a lateral lake and after the recovery of connection with the river and in a year of continuous connection with the lotic ecosystem. Various idiosyncrasies were observed in connected lateral lakes, like the surface hydrologic connectivity, a primary factor in species richness modifications and a secondary controlling factor of plankton abundance. Underground hydrologic connectivity, through the river → lake water flux during the high-water period and lake → river during drought period, appears to have an important role in richness and abundance variations of planktonic populations in the lake isolated from the river. State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Department of Zoology, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State, CEP:18618-970 State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Campus of Frutal, Minas Gerais State, 38200-000 Hidrologica Environmental Advisory and Consultancy Services, Botucatu, São Paulo State, 18610-307 State University of São Paulo UNESP, Experimental Campus of Rosana, São Paulo State, 19274-000 Paulista University (UNIP), Campus of Bauru, São Paulo State, 17098-490 State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Department of Zoology, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State, CEP:18618-970 State University of São Paulo UNESP, Experimental Campus of Rosana, São Paulo State, 19274-000

The aim of this work was to study the effects of water annual variation of Paranapanema River and others variables on macroinvertebrates that lives in macrophytes roots, from March 2006 to February 2007. The sampled was realized with a hand-net (mesh size: 0.25 mm) and 0.07 m2 circle area. We measured air and water temperature, depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, K25 and suspended matter. The normality was tested and a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was realized. Telebasis showed high density in period studied. There was a high variation in depth: 6.07 m in April 2006 to 1.83 m in November 2007. The CCA showed that Culicidae, Ephemeroptera, Ostracoda, Calopterygidae, Coryphaeschna and Cyanallagma were significative correlated with the depth. We concluded that the effect of the depth on larvae Odonata can not have been direct, but indirect by the effect in your substrate as aquatic plant., O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar, no período de março de 2006 a fevereiro de 2007, o efeito da flutuação anual no nível de água do Rio Paranapanema, estado de SP, dentre outros fatores ambientais, sobre os macroinvertebrados que vivem junto às raízes de Salvinia auriculata. A amostragem da macrófita foi realizada com auxílio de um puçá com abertura em formato circular de 0,07 m2, acoplado a uma rede de malha 0,25 mm. Foram obtidos os valores da temperatura do ar e da água, a profundidade, o oxigênio dissolvido, o pH, condutividade e material em suspensão. Após a confirmação da normalidade dos dados foi realizada uma análise de correspondência canônica (ACC). Houve uma grande variação na profundidade, variando de 6,07 metros em abril de 2006 a 1,83 metros em novembro do mesmo ano. A ACC mostrou que Culicidae, Ephemeroptera, Ostracoda, Calopterygidae, Coryphaeschna e Cyanallagma foram os únicos táxons que apresentaram correlações significativas com a profundidade. O efeito da profundidade sobre as larvas de Odonata que apresentaram as maiores densidades em todos os meses estudados pode não ter ocorrido diretamente sobre os macroinvertebrados, mas sim indiretamente por afetar o substrato no qual estão presentes como as plantas aquáticas.

The aim of this work was to assess if variation in the abundance of macroinvertebrates is influenced by the physical and chemical characteristics of water during a nycthemeral cycle in the dry and wet seasons. This study took place in a lake with low connectivity to the Paranapanema River, São Paulo, Brazil. Dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, temperature of surface water, and depth were measured at 6 hour intervals, and the macroinvertebrates were sampled in stands of Salvinia auriculata, in July 2006 and April 2007. The Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze abiotic factors, abundance of the macroinvertebrates, and sampling period. Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, Coleoptera, Culicidae, Odonata, and Oligochaeta were the most abundant taxa in the dry season, while Ephemeroptera, Gastropoda, Hemiptera, Hydracarina, Nematoda, Ostracoda, and pupae of Diptera were the most abundant taxa in the wet season. The CCA showed that in the dry season there was a positive correlation between the abundance of Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, Coleoptera, Culicidae, Odonata, and Orthoptera and dissolved oxygen and a negative correlation with surface water temperature and depth. We concluded that there was a positive variation in the abundance of Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Coleoptera, Culicidae, Odonata, and Orthoptera and oxygen dissolved and, a negative variation with surface water temperature and depth in the dry season during the nycthemeral cycle., O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar uma possível variação na abundância de macroinvertebrados em função da variação de parâmetros físicos e químicos da água em um período de 24 horas em duas estações distintas: seca e chuvosa em uma lagoa com baixa conectividade com o Rio Paranapanema,estado de SP, Brasil. O oxigênio dissolvido (OD), pH, condutividade elétrica, temperatura de superfície da água (TSA) e profundidade foram medidos em intervalos de 6 horas e os organismos coletados em bancos de Salvinia auriculata, em julho de 2006 e abril de 2007. A Análise de Correspondência Canônica (ACC) realizada entre as variáveis ambientais, abundância dos macroinvertebrados e período de amostragem revelou que Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, Coleoptera, Culicidae, Odonata e Oligochaeta foram os grupos com maior abundância na estação seca, enquanto que Ephemeroptera, Gastropoda, Hemiptera, Hydracarina, Nematoda, Ostracoda e pupa de Diptera foram mais abundantes no período chuvoso. A ACC mostrou na estação seca uma correlação positiva entre a abundância de Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, Coleoptera, Culicidae, Odonata e Orthoptera e oxigênio e negativa com a temperatura de superfície da água e profundidade. Concluímos que houve uma variação positiva na abundância de Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Coleoptera, Culicidae, Odonata e Orthoptera e OD e negativa com a TSA e profundidade durante o período de 24 horas na estação seca.